ExploringplantsUnit4,WordspollinatecourtyardbalconyexoticdistantEgyptgoodsbotanistvt.对……授粉n.庭院;天井n.阳台;包厢adj.异国家情调的;奇异的adj.远的;远处的n.埃及n.货物n.植物学家,scaleconflictendeavoranchortightsealcontainerrestrictionn.磅秤;天平盘n.斗争;冲突n.尽力;竭力n.锚vi.&vt.抛锚;锚定adj.紧的;紧密的vt.密闭;密封n.容器n.限制;约束,fluencyshavethunderstormpirateappealn.流利;流畅vt.&vi.剃;刮n.雷雨;雷暴n.海盗vi.有吸引力;求助,Expressionsdatebacktoappealto追溯到有吸引力;呼吁,Howmuchdoyouknowaboutplants?WarmingUp,Canyoutellthenameoftheflower?TulipTulipsarebeautifulflowersandpeopleoftensendthemtotheirfriendsaspresents.,tulip郁金香,PeonytheChinesenationalflower,peony牡丹,SunflowerItcomesfromNorthAmerica.Indianstherebegantogrowthemsome3000yearsago.,sunflower向日葵,RoseRosesarebestpresentstobesenttofriends.Anditisalsoverypopulartosendrosesaslovesignalbetweenyoungpeople.Redrosesindicatewarmthandloveandwhiteones,purityandsimplicity,blueones,honestyandsincerity.,rose玫瑰,Whichisyourfavoriteflower?Why?,,DISCUSSION:Didyouknowthat:1.someplantsdonothaveflowers?2.someplantshaverootsthatliveintheair?3.someplantseatmeat?4.someplantsneedanimalstopollinatethem?,5.someplantsgrowonotherplants?6.plantsareadaptedtoliveinspecificenvironments?7.peoplebuyplantsthatcomefromothercountriesfortheirgardens?8.anewplantdoesnotalwaysgrowfromaseed?,Specialplants,1Doyouhaveacourtyardorsomepotplantsonyourbalcony?Doyouknowwheretheseplantscomefrom?AretheyChineseplantsordotheycomefromanothercountry?Pre-reading,Whenyoulastvisitedapublicgarden,didyoulookattheindividualplantsthere?Werethereanyplantsfromothercountries?,Howdoyouthinkplantshavetraveledfromonecountrytoanother?JosephBanks,,DrNathanielWard,TheWardiancase,RobertFortune(1812-1880),RobertFortunerepresentedtheHorticulturalSocietyofLondon(nowtheRoyalHorticulturalSociety)asacollectorinChinashortlyaftertheTreatyofNanjinghadbroughttheOpiumWartoaclose.ThroughhisuseoftheWardiancase,Fortunewasabletointroducemanyofthebest-knownChinesegardenplantsintocultivationinEuropeandNorthAmerica.,PèrePaulGuillaumeFarges(1844-1912),Frenchmissionaryandnaturalist.BornatMonclar-de-Quercy,Tarn-et-Garonne.HewassenttoChinain1867andremainedstationedinnorth-eastSichuanuntil1903.Althoughhehadalwaysnurturedaninterestinthelocalfloraandfauna,itwasnotuntil1892thathestartedtocollectherbariumspecimensinearnest.DuringtheelevenyearsbeforehemovedsouthtoChongqing,hecollectedandpreservedover4,000specimens.,DoveTree,ErnestHenryWilson(1876-1930),Scanthetitleofthereadingpassageandthepicturesandpredictwhatitisabout?PlantExplorationinthe18thAnd19thcenturies,ReadingPLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCNTURIES,TorFQuestions:1.TheplantsinourgardengrewinChinaoriginally.F2.TheAmericanMiddleClassestookgreatinterestincollectingnewplantsduringthe18thand19thcenturies.F,3.FrenchCatholicmissionarieswerebeginningtosetthemselvesupinChinabythemiddleofthe18thcentury.4.AfterFatherd’Incarvilledied,someTreeofHeavenseedsweresenttoEngland.FT,Banks,togetherwithJamesCook,collectedmanyexamplesofplantsinAustralia.6.Keepingplantsaliveduringlonglandorseavoyagewasverydifficult,whichcausedtheWardianCasetobeinvented.TT,7.RobertFortuneintroducedover120speciesofplantstoWesternGardens,becausehecouldeasilytraveleverywhereinChina.8.Duringthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,manyCatholicmissionariesweresenttoChina,andtheycollectedmanyseedsofplants,whichweresentbacktoFrance.TF,Detailedreading:Trytogetthemainideaofeachparagraph:Para1:explainswhenplantcollectingbegan.Para2:describeswhenandwhereplantcollectingbeganonalargescalebyEuropeans.Para3:talksaboutFrenchCatholicmissionarieswhocollectedplantsinChinainthe18thcentury.,Para4:isaboutthefamousBritishplantcollector,SirJosephBanks,whocollectedmanynewplantsinAustralia.Para5:explainstheproblemsofkeepingplantsaliveonlongtrips.Para6:describesanexperimentcarriedoutbyDrNathanielWardwhoinventedaglasscaseinwhichtotransportplantsonlongjourneys.,Para8:isaboutFatherFarges,aFrenchCatholicmissionarywhocollectedplantsinChinainthe19thcentury.Para7:isaboutRobertFortune,aBritishplantcollectorwhomadeseveraltripstoChinainthe19thcentury.,Para9:DescribeshowmanyEuropeanplantcollectors,suchasEHWilson,wenttoChinasothatnewplantscouldbeintroducedtogardensintheWest.,Structure:PartI:Para1-2thebeginningofplantcollectingPartII:Para3-4theexplorationofplantsinthe18thcenturyPartIII:Para5-7theinventionanduseofWardiancasePartIV:Para8-9theexplorationofplantsinthe19thcentry,1Inl5OOBC,2Inthe1740s,3In1751,Answerthesequestionsingroup.theQueenofEgyptsentshipstogatherplants,animalsandothergoods.aFrenchCatholicmissionarycalledFatherd'IncarvillewassenttoBeijing.someTreeofHeavenseedsarrivedinEngland.,4In1769,5In1784,6In1833,SirJosephBankscollectedvastquantitiesofplantsinthelandnowknownasAustraliatheTreeofHeavenwasintroducedintoNorthAmerica.NathanielWardusedtwospecialcasesthathehadinventedtoshipBritishplantstoSydney,Australia.,7Between1843and1859,8Duringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury,9In1897,aBritishplantcollectorRobertFortune.madeseveraltripstoChinamanyCatholicmissionariesweresenttoChinafromFrance.aFrenchPlantcollectorFatherFarges.sentseedsoftheDoverTreefromChinatoFrance.,10In1899,aPlantcollector,EHWilson.collectedalargequantityoftheseedsoftheDoveTreeinChina.,3Answerthesequestionsingroups.1Whywastherealotofplantcollectingintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies?EuropehasbecomeinterestedinscientificdiscoveryandEuropeanmiddleclassestookgreatinterestincollectingnewplantsthistime.,2howdidFrenchmissionariescometobeplantcollectors?Theyvaluedthestudyofthenaturalsciencesandmanyofthemknewallotaboutplantsandanimals.,3Whatweresomeofthenegativeaspectsofplantcollectingexpeditions?Negativeaspectsincludeddisease,near-starvation,severeenvironment,conflictswiththelocalpeople,plantsdyingduringlongtripsorseedsfailingtogrowafterlongtrips,pirates,badweather,notknowingthelocallanguageandcustoms,etc.,4Transportingplantsoverlongdistanceswasabigproblem.Whywasthis?Itwashardtokeepthemaliveduringlongtrips.5Whydidmanyplantsfailtoreachtheirdestinationsalive?Canyouthinkofanyotherreasons?Theseedsofmanyplantsfailedtogrowafterlongtrip:plantswerenotlooked,Afterproperlyduringthetrip.Forexample,oneplantexplorerlosthisplantswhentheywerewanedwithseawater.Otherreasonsincludelackoffreshwater,wrongenvironmentalconditions,forinstance,incorrecttemperatures,saltyair,andlackofsunlightandrain,etc,iftheplantsweretransportedinsidetheshiportrain.,6Whatimprovedthesurvivalratesofplantstransportedlongdistances?ItwastheinventionoftheWardiancase.,Imagine:Supposethreeofyouarebotanists(植物学家),andoneisacaptain.Noweachbotanistwantsthecaptaintobringhisplanthome.Butthecaptaincantakeonlyoneplant,soeachmusttryhisbesttoexplainhisreasontopersuadethecaptainintotakinghisownplant.,1.datebackto追溯到;始于1ThistowndatesbacktoRomantimes.2Thecastledatesbacktothe14thcentury.3Thesesocietiesdatedasfarbackasacentury.Languagepoints,datefrom追溯到;始于1Thedressdatesfromthe19thcentury.2Thiscustomdatesfromthe17thcentury.3Myinterestinstampcollectingdatesfrommyschooldays.datedadj.过时的;陈旧的,1ItfacesconflictswiththeAmericanpeople.2Nationsmustn’tsettletheirdifferencebyarmedconflict.3Attimespersonalityconflictsdevelopbetweenteachersandstudents.2.conflictn.矛盾,分歧;冲突,斗争,1Thesetwolinesareinconflictwitheachother.2Everyonewasawarethathusbandandwifewereinconflict.3Thetwinsareinconflict.aconflictofopinions/wills/interestsinconflict(with),1Tieitastightlyasyoucan.2Hisarmswerefoldedtightly.3Heheldmebythearmsotightlythatithurt.3.tightly紧紧地,满满地,Thecoatlookstight.Wehopetofinishthetasknextweek,butthescheduleisabittight.tightadj.紧;绷紧;拉紧tightadv.紧地;满地Holdtighttotherailingoryoumayslipandfall.,Theparkisopentothepublicwithoutrestriction.4restrictionun.限制Hedislikestheirrestrictionofhisfreedomofchoice.,cn.限制性规定Therestrictionsontheuseoftheplay-ground:Nofighting.Nodamagingproperty.Thegovernmentplacedrestrictionsonthenumbersofforeigncarsthatcouldbeimported.,restrictvt.限制,控制Hefeelsthisnewlawrestricthisfreedom.Thetreesrestrictedourvision.restrictedadj.有严格控制的,局限的restrictiveadj.限制性的,1Heappealedtohisfriendsforsupport.2Themurdererappealedtothecourtformercy.5.appealvt.吸引;投合兴趣或爱好Howdidthecourseappealtoyou?Thesepicturesdon’tappealtothechildren.呼吁,请求appealtosb.forhelp,Difficultsentencesanalysis1However，itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesthattheexplorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargescale然而，直到18和19世纪人们对植物世界大规模的探索才开始。,Itis／wasnotuntil．that…的意思是“直到才”。如：Itwasnotuntilthel880sthattherewereconsistentexperimentalfindingstosupporthistheory.直到19世纪80年代才有了一致的实验发现支持他的理论。,Notuntil1begantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted．直到开始工作时我才意识到自己浪费了多少时间。另外，含有notuntil结构的句子也还可以放在句首来表示强调，这时主旬用倒装句。如：,2Atthattime,therewererestrictionsonthemovementofEuropeansandso,inordertotravelunnoticed,hedevelopedhisfluencyinChineseanddressedasaChineseman,evenshavinghisheadintheChinesestyle．,那时候，欧洲人在中国的活动受到种种限制，因此，为了在旅行时不被别人注意，他努力使自己的汉语讲得很流利，并且穿着中国人的服装，甚至像中国人一样削发(留辫)。,这是个并列句,Atthattime,therewererestrictionsonthemovementofEuropeans是并列句的第一部分,inordertotravelunnoticed是第二部分,由and把这两部分连接起来。,Homework1.Retellthestorytoyourpartner.2.Finishofftheexercisesinyourbook.,Thankyou.
