第六讲 由“表”析“理”，成就图表类李仕才写作一、题型特点1.图表类书面表达常以曲线图形式、流程图形式、柱形图形式、饼式图形式、数据表格形式及平面图形式出现。这类题型具有文字少、信息简洁、要点分散等特征。图表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现，主要是一些关于情况调查、生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。2.图表作文主要是介绍或说明某方面的情况，文体上属于说明文。3.考生应按照说明文的形式和特点来进行写作。由于这类试题文字少、信息简洁，如果只是把图表中的内容一点一点地记叙出来，进行清单式的罗列，就会索然乏味，并且达不到字数要求。因此，对于这类形式的书面表达，考生首先要根据图表前的文字说明，弄清楚图表的性质、内容、规律。二、写作技巧1.细读图表，抓住特征图表中的数据信息往往较多，首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后，从图表的整体着手，认真分析各项数据，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它们所揭示的规律。经常使用的词汇有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。2.认真审读，确定主题认真审读试题所提供的数据信息，结合文字提示，确定短文的主题。短文的主题往往隐含在图表中，需要考生从图表数据中概括出事情或事件的规律和特征，然后归纳出主题。有时，试题给出了短文的题目，也就等于为考生点明了主题。3.巧用数据，突出主题引用数据说明基本趋势，比较数据揭示基本特征。由于图表中的数据信息较多，写作时要巧妙地引用一些数据来说明主题，不要作任何发挥。表达时，既要包含所有要点，但又不能面面俱到。经常使用的词汇有：8\nrise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，onthecontrary，however，compare...to/with...，incontrastto，as...as，thesameas，similarto，differentfrom，differencebetween，among，morethan，lessthan等。4.词句多变，表达灵活由于图表数据比较单调，很容易使人选用相同的词语和句式进行表达，结果文章显得很乏味。因此，写作时要尽量避免重复使用同一词语或句型，选择一些异曲同工的词语和句式来表达。5.适当发挥，表明观点图表类书面表达有时要求考生在对数据进行分析、对比后，简单地谈谈自己的看法或提出建议，这属于让考生自主发挥的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在该部分陈述自己的看法，表明自己的观点，提出解决问题的方法或建议。表述观点时，可以引用人们普遍的观点，也可说出自己独到的见解。借题发挥时，不可偏离主题，只要把观点表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解释或说明。经常使用的词有：inaword，inshort，generallyspeaking，It’sclearfromthechartthat...，wecandrawtheconclusionthat...，wecanlearn/know...等。【典例示范】(2022·江苏卷)请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box-officeincome)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。SaturdayAfternoon.InaShoppingCenter.LiJiang：Hi，SuHua.Whichmovieshallwesee?SuHua：Whatever.We’regotsomanychoices，KungFuYoga，JourneytotheWest……Eachsoundsgreat!LiJiang：Yeah！Andsomemoviestarsarefantastic.SuHua:Andthehigh-tech！...LiJiang：Perfect！Let’sgetsomefoodfirst.Weonlyhave20minutesleft.SuHua：Nohurry.Thecinemaisonthesamefloor.OneDayin2022.AtHome.Son：Mum，shallwegoandseeafilmtonight?8\nMother：Whybother？Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.It’sconvenientwithournewandfastnetwork.Son：Butitfeelsgoodinacinema.Mother：Andtheprice.Wehavetopay50yuanaticket.Son：Only10yuanmorethanlastyear.Mother：Butstillwecannotgetthemoney’sworth.Somefilmsarejustboring...[写作内容]1.用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；2.我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；3.谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。[写作要求]1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文1]Thebox-officeincomeofChinesemovieswitnessedaconstantincreasefromabout17billionyuanin2022toover40billionin2022.However,thatincreasesloweddownin2022.Thereasonsbehindthisarevarious.Thefasteconomicdevelopmentbefore2022wasprobablythemostpowerfulenginedrivingtheconstantgrowthinthebox-officeincome.Theapplicationofnewtechnologiesandthewideappealofmoviestarscouldalsoaccountfortheincrease.However,Chinasawadeclineinitseconomicgrowthratelastyear.AndtheInternetincreasedoptionsformovielovers.Consequently,someviewersbegantoturnawayfromcinemas,leadingtoaslowergrowth.China’seconomyisexpectedtogrowatamediumspeedinthecomingyears,soanincreaseispossibleintheinvestmentinthemovieindustryandthenumberofqualitymovies.Therefore,itsbox-officeincomewillprobablyenjoyaslightincrease.8\n[参考范文2]Asisindicatedinthegraph,thebox-officeincomeofChinesefilmsincreasedconstantlyfrom2022to2022,butitsgrowth,foronereasonoranother,sloweddownin2022.Theincreaseinthebox-officeincomecanbeattributedtoanumberoffactors.Thequalityoflifehasimprovedandwatchingfilmsisregardedasagoodmeansofentertainment.Besides,filmingtechnologyhasadvancedandmorequalityfilmsareonoffer.Moreover,theInternetplaysanimportantpart.OntheInternet,peoplecanseekinformationabouttheirfavoritestarsandbuyticketsatadiscountaswell,whichisbothtime-savingandeconomical.However,thefilmmarketmaywitnessaslowdowninthenearfuture.CinemashavegraduallygivenwaytotheriseoftheInternetandcellphones,andtheticketpriceisontheincrease.Therefore,thefilmindustryshouldmakegreatereffortstoattractmoreviewers.能力提升练1(2022·江苏卷)请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。1.Theotherday，anetizen(网民)sharedaphotoonSinaWeibo.Itwasaboutanoldladystandinginfrontofacarthatwasonabicyclelane，andinsistingthatitleavethetrack.Thephotodrewabout7，000commentsonthesocialmediaplatform.Despitethethumbs-up(点赞)giventotheoldlady，somearguedthatattentionshouldbepaidtoourheavyroadtraffic.2.Someridersofe-bikesandbicyclescomeandgoinalldirections，ignoringtrafficlightsandothervehicles.Suchruderidingcontributestothedisorderoftraffic.Thustheavoidableroadaccidentsbecomeunavoidable.3.From2022to2022，thetotalnumberofprivatecarsinChinarosesharplyfrom32millionto154million.Currently，Chinahad15%oftheworld’stotalvehicles.[写作内容]8\n1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；3.根据你的分析，从社会规范(rulesandregulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。[写作要求]1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文]Thetrafficissueisahardnuttocrack.Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife，butmayalsothreatenpeople’slives.Thethreeselectionspresentedabovearetypicalexamples.Quiteafewthingsgiverisetothetrafficproblem.Inspiteofthelarge-scaleconstructionofroadsandhighways，thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement，becauseoftheeverincreasingnumberofcarstheseyears.What’sworse，somedrivers，cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules.Infact，trafficrulesarepartoftherulesandregulationscloselyrelatedtopublicorder.Withoutthem，peoplecouldnotenjoyharmonyorthecountrywouldbeinchaos.Butrulesalonedon’tsecureanorderlysociety.Itisthepeoplewhoobeytherulesthatmatter.Itiseverybody’sdutytoobservethemtokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.能力提升练2(2022·江苏南通市高三检测)请阅读下面的文字及图表，然后按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。1.Expertssaythatwhenyoulookupafterreadingforalongtime，youwillfindtheobjectsinthedistancevague.Itshowsyouaregettingnearsighted.Othersymptomsincludedry，burningoritchy(发痒的)eyes，headachesandneckorshoulderpain.Somepeoplemayseedoubleandcannotreadforlong.Somewillkeepshutting8\nandopeningtheireyes.Othersrubtheireyesfrequently.2.Nearsightednessisoftendiagnosedinchildrenbetween8and12yearsofageandmayworsenduringtheteenyears.Littlechangemayoccurbetweenages20to40，butsometimesnearsightednessmayworsenwithage.3.Currently，about450millionpeopleinChinasufferfromnearsightedness.Thenumberofnearsightedstudentsfromprimaryschoolstouniversitiesincreasesatarateof20%everyyear.[写作内容]1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.综合上述信息，简要分析导致青少年近视的主要原因；3.根据你的分析，从学校规范和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。[写作要求]1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文]Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearegettingnearsighted,whichcanbedeterminedbysomesymptoms.Theever-increasingrateofnearsightednessinalmosteveryschoolthroughoutChinahasbecomesoalarming.Formanyofyoungpeople,itistheirroutinetobeburiedintheirbooksfrommorningtillnightwhileothersoftenkeeptheireyesfixedonthecomputerorTV.Theireyesareburdenedsoheavilythattheycanhardlyfunctionnormallyintheend.What’sworse，everyyearquitesomestudentscannotgototheiridealcollegesorgettheirdreamjobsowingtotheirpooreyesight.Nowitistimethatschoolstookactiontoprotectstudents’eyesightbygivingthemlectures，ensuringproperlightinginclassrooms,andlimitingtheirtimeof8\nreadingbooksordoingexercises.Asforme,Iwillimmediatelytryeverypossiblemeanstopreventmyeyesightfromgettingweak.能力提升练3(2022·常州高三调研)一项调查显示，某市有85.8%的中学生说自己的字不好看，而他们又不想改善，其理由有很多。请根据下面图表中的内容用英语写一篇短文，说明该现象并发表看法。注意：词数150左右。[参考范文]Nowadays,withthegrowingpopularityofcomputers,moreandmorepeoplearepayinglessandlessattentiontotheirhandwriting.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,85.8percentofthemiddleschoolstudentsinthecitythinkthattheirhandwritingispoor.Yetforvariousreasons,manystudentsdon’twanttoimprovetheirhandwriting.51.5%ofthemthinkthattheycanjustuseacomputer,sothereisnoneedtowastetimeimprovingtheirhandwriting,and32.3percentbelievethattheyaresobusywiththeirstudiesthattheydonothavetimetopractice.10.9percentthinkthatpracticinghandwritingisuseless.Theresthaveotherreasons.Writingstyleoftenshowstheman.Beautifulandneathandwritingisbeneficial,especiallyformiddleschoolstudents.Therefore,inmyopinion,moreemphasisshouldbeplacedonthisaspectinfuture.能力提升练4(2022·江苏海安高级中学质量检测)下面的饼状图显示了某校对学生学业成绩评价的新体制，图表所示的五个方面构成了一个学生的学业成绩。假如你是该校学生，请你以“TheNewGradingSysteminOurSchool”为题用英语写一篇短文，给《二十一世纪英文报》投稿。[写作内容]8\n1.简要描述图中信息；2.谈谈你对这一新举措的看法并说明原因。[写作要求]1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文]TheNewGradingSysteminOurSchoolInordertohelpstudentsdeveloptheirabilitiesinallfields,ourschoolnowhasaskedtheteacherstomakesomechangesinthegradingsystem.Thischartshowshowitworks.Students’testresults,whichusedtobetheonlywaytoevaluateastudentinschool,makeuponly30%ofhisfinalscore.Instead,howastudentperformsinclass,andhowhetakesnotesanddoeshishomeworkarealsotakenintoaccount,eachpartofwhichmakesup20%.Besides,teamworkinclassisalsoimportant.Ifyouwantahigherscore,youshouldbegoodatworkingtogetherwithyourclassmates.I’mallforthenewgradingsystem,whichevaluatesusstudentsinallfields.Bydoingso,westudentscanfullydevelopourabilitiesaswellaspotentialonourwaytoadulthoodandcantrulymakepreparationsforourfuturelife.8
