高考英语二轮复习精品教案：非谓语动词 1<br />一、动词不定式<br />1．动词不定式的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义<br /> 主动 被动<br />一般式 to do to be done<br />进行式 to be doing /<br />完成式 to have done to have been done<br />完成进行式 to have been doing /<br />如：<br />He seems to know this.<br />It is important to read English every day.<br />The bridge to be built next year is very long.<br />I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.<br />His new novel is said to have been published.<br />She happened to be writing a letter when I passed by.<br />了解不定式各种形式的时态和语态意义对正确理解和使用不定式起着很重要的作用。要结合不定式的<br />句法功能一起掌握，灵活运用。 <br />2．不定式的句法功能<br />除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。<br />To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(作主语和表语)<br />You should continue to learn as long as you live. <br />要活到老学到老。(作宾语)<br />She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. 她晚上经常有很多会要开。(作<br />定语)<br /> <br />To do a good job, we must have the right tools. <br />要干好活工具得用对。(作状语)<br />I didn't expect you to arrive so early. <br />我没想到你来得那么早。(作宾语补足语)<br />3． 学习动词不定式应注意的几个问题<br />(1) 用不定式作宾语的词语。<br />下列词语常用不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，<br />want，fail，plan，agree，prefer，decide，manage，arrange，determine，desire等。<br />下列动词后可接“疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，<br />advise，discuss等。<br />(2) 理解和使用不定式作宾补。<br />① see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，make，let，have 等的宾补用动词原形，<br />变被动时要加 to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。<br />② 常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：<br />主语＋ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like＋sb. to do sth.<br />主语＋think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine＋sb.＋to be/to have done sth.<br />主语＋call on/depend on/wait for/ask for＋sb.＋to do sth. <br />(3) 不定式作定语的特殊用法。<br />① 下列词语后常接不定式作定语： chance， wish， right， courage， need， promise， time，<br />opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。如：<br />He had a good way to make his lessons lively and interesting. <br />Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?<br />② 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。如：<br />There is no one to look after her. <br />③ 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。如：<br />I have a lot of work to do. <br />如果不定式是不及物动词，后面应有必要的介词。如：<br />He is looking for a room to live in. <br />但如果及物动词后已有了自己的宾语，其后还应加适当的介词。<br />Here is a box to put things in. <br /> <br />注意：如果不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，不定式则用主动形式；若在句中找不<br />到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定式的被动形式。注意这两句话的区别：<br />I have a letter to write. 我有封信要写。(我写信)<br />I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your friends？……你<br />有什么要(我)带给你的朋友们吗？(被我带而不是你带)<br />(4) 不定式作状语的用法。<br />不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。如：<br />We hurried to the classroom only to find none there. <br />in order (not) to，so as (not) to 用来引导目的状语，但 so as to 不能用于句首。so…as to <br />do, such ＋ 名词…as to do引导...
