语法复习之非谓语动词<br />编写人： 审核人： 审批人：<br />姓 名： 班 级： 小 组： <br />一、非谓语动词在句中所做的成分<br />成分<br />所做成分<br />主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语<br />不定式 ˅ ˅ ˅ ˅ ˅ ˅<br />动名词 ˅ ˅ ˅ ˅<br />现在分词 ˅ ˅ ˅ ˅<br />过去分词 ˅ ˅ ˅ ˅<br />二、非谓语动词的三种形式及其表达的意义<br />主动 被动<br />一般式 to do to be done<br />进行式 to be doing<br />完成式 to have done to have been done<br />不定式<br />完成进行式 to have been doing<br />一般式 doing being done---ing 形式<br />（动名词/现在分词） 完成式 having done having been done<br />过去分词 done<br />to do：目的，将来<br />doing：进行，主动<br />done：完成，被动<br />三、非谓语动词在句中的作用<br />1．非谓语动词作状语<br />(1)不定式作状语<br />①表示目的<br />I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.<br />②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加 only。<br />George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.<br />(2)现在分词作状语<br />①一般式 doing<br />表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。<br />The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.<br />②完成式 having done<br />表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。<br />I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.<br />③被动式 having been done<br />表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。<br /> <br />Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被动意<br />义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)<br />(3)过去分词作状语<br />过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。<br />Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)<br />Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.(主动关系)<br />2．非谓语动词作定语<br />(1)现在分词作定语<br />现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动<br />作的主动和进行。<br />Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home，there was a pile of <br />mails waiting for her.<br />(2)动词不定式作定语<br />不定式作定语表未做的事情。<br />His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.<br />不定式作定语的特殊用法：<br />①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，<br />promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only 等。<br />②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。<br />There is no one to look after her.<br />③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。<br />She is now looking for a room to live in.<br />(3)过去分词作定语<br />过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被<br />动或完成。<br />You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.<br />His first book published last month is based on a true story.<br />注意：表示心理状态的动词ing 形式，意为“令人……的”；动词ed 形式，意为<br />“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的 look，expression，tears，smile，voice<br />等名词。<br />3．非谓语动词作宾语<br />资源库(1)动词 afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，<br />plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire<br />等后面接不定式作宾语；动词 come，get，grow 后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐<br />渐地……”。<br />David refused ...
