[新教材]人教版（2019）高一英语必修第一册各单元语法知识点详解学案（含Unit1－5 期中 期末共7套测试卷及答案全套）

[新教材]人教版（2019）高一英语必修第一册各单元语法知识点详解学案WelcomeUnit语汇知识点详解学案第一部分词汇1.识别词汇：（知道汉语意思即可，教材中标注为非重点词汇）第1页共219页registration注册designer设计师annoyed愤怒的impression印象confident自信的takenotes记笔记flash光信号organize组织第1页共219页2.识别词汇：（尽管标着黑体，但是使用频度不高，所以只要求英汉对译）第1页共219页sex性别female女性male男性nationality国籍p.m.下午a.m.上午outgoing外向的guy家伙juniorhighschool初中flashcard闪卡organization组织seniorhighschool高中campus校园nation国家lecture讲义、课experiment实验goal目标strategy策略partner伙伴第1页共219页3.补充词汇：（本单元中出现，但是没列在词汇表中，有些需要掌握）。第1页共219页profile档案situation情形introduction说明greetings问候alive活着的alone单独的nervous焦虑的subject科目/主观/主语object物体/客观/宾语analyse分析active活跃的feature特点feedback反馈draft草稿similar相似的第1页共219页1).本组词汇中situation是定语从句中常考词汇，与之类似的词汇scene,atmosphere,field,company,race,activity,condition,stage,degree,level,case,system,等。第28页共219页,Wewillenterafuture____everyonewillbeequippedwithanrobot.注释：将future抽象为地点，定语从句的连词用where。2).常见表语形容词alive,awake,asleep,ill,present,worth,well,afraid,ashamed,aware,content,sorry,fond,glad,等。3).固定搭配形式：beactivein,besimilarto4).常见复数名词：greetings,thanks,regards,wishes,goods,people,congratulations,1.黑体词汇1).列举掌握(要求掌握所列举内容)：①company名词：公司/陪伴---以下例句均来自网络字典，请试着翻译下面的句子。Thecompanyhasdoubleditssizein9years.9年来_______扩大了一倍。(公司)Don'tmentionit.I'vereallyenjoyedyourcompany.不要客气，我非常喜欢______________。(和你待在一起/你的陪伴)IaskedBennytokeepmysoncompanywhileIwentshopping.我请本尼在我购物的时候____________。(陪伴我的儿子/和我儿子待在一起)②anxious，形容词，忧虑的，焦虑的。翻译下面的句子。Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime._____________，所以我的注意力一次都不能集中超过1小时。(因为我总是焦虑)Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycome第28页共219页,acrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing._______________，护士和其他医护工作者需要了解无声可能所代表的含义。(当他们遇到病人所患的焦虑症时)AnxiouslyIwenttobeddreamingaboutwhatIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.我____________________，幻想着在这个充满魔力的山顶上有可能会遇到的东西。(焦虑不安地躺倒床上)③senior，形容词，高级的，年长的，注意本词没有比较级和最高级。翻译下面的句子。Seniorcitizens65andolderanddisabledcustomersmayrideforhalftheregularfare.__________及残疾人可以半价搭乘。(65岁以上的老人)Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything,explainsKatyJanda,aUKERCseniorresearcher.KatyJanda，UKERC的____________解释说，科技只能去辅助而不能替代做所有事情。(一位高级研究员)Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantpre-collegecourses.此外，我修完了基础电脑的___________以及5门与之相关的大学预科课程。(高级课程)Heisseniortome,thoughheisyounger.尽管他比我小，但是___________。(字典例句)(他职位比我高)④awkward，形容词，怯懦的，胆小的。It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.我们没人开腔更有可能是因为我们_______或是觉得跟人聊天有挑战性，亦或是因为我厌恶或觉得没必要和陌生人说话。(胆小)第28页共219页,Inthisinstance,thebestsolutionistosendaquick,light-heartedapologytoexplainyourawkwardness.在这种情况下，最好的解决方案就是发一个及时、轻松的道歉信息去解释你自己的________。(怯懦)Ihadneverconsideredbeforehow___40___itwouldbetouseone.(高考完形填空试题)A.convenientB.awkwardC.boringD.exciting我以前从没想到(使用轮椅)会是如此的________。(笨拙)⑤revise,动词，表示修正，只要能在语境中翻译出意思即可。Theoldruleshavetobe___becausetheyonlyappliedtothecircumstancesthatexistedwhentheyweremadeahundredyearsago.A.developedB.establishedC.observedD.revised⑥curious，形容词，好奇的。注意本词的各种变形。Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecial,it’sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofa_______(curious)thananythingelse.(curiosity)尽管尝起来没有任何特别，但是它仍就值得一尝，因为它是坑洼的丑苹果，一个令人感到好奇的品种。Perhapsevolution(进化)providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds.---翻译句子也许进化论本身就赋予婴儿_______和本能去解释他们的世界。(好奇心)Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousaboutthecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.第28页共219页,到了高年级，我对电脑学___________，并创建了自己的网站。(产生了兴趣)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.大厅里的人好像很爱窥探，____________看着我。(用好奇的眼神)⑦personality,名词，人格，品格。本词要注意词形变化以及词语搭配。请根据句子含义填入适当的词形。Inthatcase,asktospeakin_______(person)assoonaspossibleandsaysorry.(person)要那样的话，尽可能快的请求面谈道歉。Backthen,aGenerationofsuccessfulAmericanEntrepreneursdreamtofanewstyleofArchitecturetoexpresstheir______(person)wealth.(personal)当时，一代成功的美国企业家们都梦想着用一种新的艺术形式来表达他们的私人财富。Youcanchoosefrommenuofvariousforms,appealingcolorsandpreciousmaterials,tocreateanenvironmentthatismuchmorethanjustakitchen:areflectionofyour_______(person).(personality)你可以选择花样菜谱、诱人的色彩、精美的食材去创设一个不仅仅是厨房的氛围，它也是你人格的一个映像。Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingthey______(person)objecttoavaccine.(personally)17个州允许父母拥有豁免权，有时候仅仅就是签署一个文件声明他们本人反对疫苗注射。Yourtrainingcourseshouldhelpyoubringoutyour_______(person),nottrytoturnyouintosomeone第28页共219页,you'renot.你的训练课程会帮你展现你的个性，不要强迫自己变成不喜欢的自己。(personality)⑧confidence,名词，信心。本词重点关注的是词形变化、固定搭配。AneveningwithSimonwillgiveyouthe_________(confident)tobefunny.(confidence)和西蒙待一个晚上就会让你有幽默的自信。Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence.-------翻译。童年的活动有助孩子责任感、独立性、________和竞争力的培养。(自信心)“Ifeelmoreconfident_____myactionsnow,”Taylorsays.(in)泰勒说：“我现在感觉在行动上更有信心了。”Hitthestreets__________confidence.(with)自信地去采访吧。（因为记者的工作经常是在大街上采访他人）Havingconfidence_____yourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.(in)自信会帮你做出更好的选择因为你能知道什么最佳结果对你健康有益。Havingsurvivedthatnight,wewere39thateverythingelsewouldbeallright.第28页共219页,A.satisfiedB.determinedC.confidentD.aware熬过了那个晚上，我们相信其他所有的事情都会好的。AtfirstRobertwouldn’tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhe____asshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.A. gave in    B. dressed up  C. broke in            D. turned up起初，罗伯特不想让自己的女儿浅水，但是最后他让步了当他看到女儿对自己的技巧那么自信的时候。⑨atleast至少，重在理解句子的含义。Therealproblemisthatsomepedestriansseemtobe,atleastforthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.真正的问题在于某些行人看起来，至少在某一时刻，他们自我的世界远重要于他人的利益。Althoughherdescriptionsoundedwonderful,thepricewasbeyondourrange,sowedeclined.Butshekepturgingustohavealook19.19.A.atleastB.atmostC.attimesD.athand尽管她的描述听起来很棒，价钱还是超出了我们的预期，所以我们拒绝了。但是她却催促我们至少可以去看看房子。⑩whatif翻译句子。Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren’tthatinterestedin?_______________________________________________(如果他们喋喋不休地谈论你所不感兴趣的画该怎么办？)Butwhatifthepictureyouareaskedtopaintisthreestorieshigh,twocityblockslongandoneblockwide?第28页共219页,____________________________________________________________________(但是如果你被要求去作一幅3层楼高、2个街区长、1个街区那么宽的画你会有什么感觉？)Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscapturedandfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?ðWhatifsheknewthatherfigureiscapturedandfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?________________________________________________________________________(如果这位女士知道她的身影被捕捉到并被固定到一个陌生人人的卧室墙上她会怎么想？),forward,副词，主要和动词连用形成成语。比如：SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.解决好安全问题以改进人工智能看起来是可能的但却又不容易。Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.我期待着看到更多的人接受这些观点，有更多的参与者去讨论这些观点。Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.但是当时没人过来帮忙，所以Taylor跑到Paris身边马上给他实施心肺复苏救护。Themanagerputforwardasuggestion__weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.(16天津)A.whetherB.thatC.whichD.what经理提议我们得找帮手了，因为活儿太多了。第28页共219页,2).活用词汇①explore动词，在不同的语境中可以有不同的含义。London's'Borisbikes'haveattractedthemostattention,butothercitiesalsohavesimilarprogramsthatletyourentabicycleandexploreatyourownpace,savingyouonpublictransportorcarparkingcosts.伦敦的“鲍里斯自行车租赁”已经吸引了最多的眼球，但是别的城市也有类似的服务可以让你租一辆自行车以自己的速度去探索城市，既省了你的交通费又省了停车费。Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld-issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.心理学家早就提出，科学作为一种成就---让人去探索、解释、理解世界的动力，是简单而言是自从我们孩童时代就有的。ToMr.Sauven,theseecosystemservicesfaroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.在Sauven先生看来，这些生态功能远远重于开发所得。WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.我正在满族自己的好奇心时，我的疾病变的严重了。Shespentsometimewithmebeforeleavingmeto52alone.A.digestB.exploreC.performD.calculate②exchange动词，Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.第28页共219页,也许邻居只是碰巧听到这种呼喊。所以信息被交互传递了，但是这不是一种真实的、有意的往复过程。ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)populationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.意大利是最早通过要求语言能力来换取工作许可或者在某些情况下居民身份来限制移民数量的西欧国家。Lastspring,Iwasfortunatetobechosentoparticipateinanexchangestudyprogram.去年春天，我有幸被选中参加一次交换学习的活动。Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby18otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat19(leave).(for,wasleft)他到附近的镇子把一些牛奶要么卖要么换点其他的食物，而用所剩的牛奶为家人做一些奶酪和黄油。③registerWitharegistrationfeeofjust$50perchild,childrenundertheageof12canjoinEagleAirways'FLYTOTHEMOONCLUBasmembers.每人花50美元的注册费，12岁以下的儿童可以成为“EagleAirways'FLYTOTHEMOONCLUB”俱乐部成员。Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.参与者可以到达预定地点登记一下他们有的或是乐意分享的书籍。Thefollowingterm,I56anASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas57.56.A.missedB.passedC.gaveupD.registeredfor57.A.prohibitedB.welcomedC.ignoredD.repeated下一个学期，我选修了手语课。教授失聪所以任何语言交流都被禁止的。第28页共219页,④designShopsofferawiderangeofsouvenirsdesignedfortheRoyalCollection,includingbooks,postcards,china,jewellery,andchildren'stoys.商店出售各种各样关于“皇家收藏”的纪念品，包括书籍、明信片、瓷器、首饰和儿童玩具等。Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.他们喷洒香水为的是吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫又是来犯者的天敌。Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.专家说，你的家装方式可以让你在是否减肥还是长胖的方面起重要作用。Advancedlights,motors,andbuildingdesignshavehelpedsavealotofenergyandthereforepreventedpollution.高级的灯泡、发动机和建筑设计已经帮助节约了好多能源进而防止污染。Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis1tolivenolongerthan120years.A.designedB.selectedC.improvedD.discovered大多数研究高龄的科学家都认为人体预计最长能到120岁。Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.在过去的几年里，出现了好多不同的的技巧帮助设计者去贴近这个重要观点。⑤formalTheSwisstendtobeformalandaddresseachotherbylastname.瑞士人倾向于正规的方式而且相互以姓氏称呼对方。第28页共219页,Itwasseveraldaysbeforethefloodwatersankandlifereturnedtonormal.(名词----网络字典例句。)过了好多天洪水退去人们的生活恢复正常。⑥annoySincethe1840s,tobughaslongmeant"tocheat"andsincethe1940sithasbeenannoying.自从19世纪40年代，“tobug”表示“欺骗”而自20世纪40年代起这个词已经变成是“令人烦恼的”意思。ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.令Welty烦恼的是在78岁的时候，她的左耳已经丧失听力。Buthercoldvoicereally48me.Isometimeswishedto49anotheragent.48.A.annoyedB.interestedC.discouragedD.confused49.A.promoteB.trainC.findD.know但是她冰冷的语调让我着实不高兴，有时我都想找另外一个代理商。⑦frightenedDon’tletfitnessfrightenyou!不要让健身吓到你！Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.突然停止有时会是一个非常可怕的经历，尤其是如果你在高速行驶的过程中。I’mnotsurewhichismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.我不确信是我还是那个突然冒出来的母大猩猩更害怕。⑧impressHewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.本杰明的画给他留下了深刻印象。第28页共219页,Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittledevice(装置)onyourdesk.好多人通过你桌上的小装置对你形成有了各种各样的印象。Also,Iwouldbemeetingnewpeople,andproperlyironedclotheswouldhelpmemakeagood38.A.conclusionB.suggestionC.impressionDobservation此外，我还要结识好多新人，精心熨烫过的衣服能帮我给人留下一个好的印象。Mywheelchairexperimentwassoonfinished.Itmadeadeepimpressiononme.我的这次坐轮椅的经历很快就结束了。这次经历给我留下了深刻的印象。Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,givesanimpressionofconfidenceandauthority(权威).更粗的线条，在另外一方面，给人留下自信和权威的印象。ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntanimpressivelessonaboutgravity!那天我并没学到很多关于动物、昆虫或者树木的知识，但是我却上了一堂印象深刻关于重力的课。⑨concentrateonSo,whilewecan,weoughttoconcentrateonteachingchildrensomethingreallyuseful.因此，趁着我们还行，我们该集中精力教孩子们一些真正有用的东西。Becauseofhisfamily'sJewishbackground,theyaresenttoliveintheconcentrationcamps.因为他们家是犹太人的背景，他们被关押到一个集中营居住。Otherheatersheatroomsunevenlywithmostoftheheatconcentratedtothecenteroftheroom.其他的暖气在不均匀的给房间供热，因为大多数的暖气都把热量集向房间的中心区域。第28页共219页,It’salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.当你真需要集中精力的时候，如何避免在这时候走神也是很重要的。Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.机器人近出局的可能性应该集中指向电脑科学家们的思维。⑩aloneAtfirst,Ijustwantedtogetmy39andbeleftalone.39.A.balanceB.homeworkC.degreeD.interest起初我只想得到自己的学位而不受任何打扰。Thatwaswhyshewasaloneonthebeach,wearinganexpensiveswimsuit.那就是为什么就她一个人在沙滩上，穿着昂贵的游泳衣。Whentheytoldherthatitwastoodangeroustogodiving42,"Dangerous?shehadsaid.A.aloneB.awayC.againD.aside当他们告诉她一个人浅水太危险时，她说“危险？”Myhusbandwasorderedoutonalong-termduty,andIwasleftinatinyshack(棚屋)alone.我的丈夫接到命令去执行项长时间的任务，而我被一个人留在了一个小棚屋里。In2007alone,2,945peoplepickedup42,330poundsoftrash.仅仅在2007年一年就有2945人捡了42330磅垃圾。第28页共219页,Theworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown.光有虫子的咀嚼不足以让聚乙烯分解。Scaredandalone,JoshuaonedaymakesfriendswithalittlemousehecallsBethlehemwhobecomeshisclosestfriend.又恐惧又孤独，有一天Joshua和一只小老鼠成了好朋友，他把这只小老鼠叫Bethlehem,它成了他最好的朋友。Wedidn'tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit.当时我们并不知道还有环境一说，更不用说环境还有问题。,improveAnotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.另外一个原因是如果孩子们得不到奖励,这些助人的行为不会得到强化。SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.因此美国环保部更严格的污染物排放标准不仅能改善空气质量而且也成为保证公众健康的必要。Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.对基础设施的简单改进可以减少疾病的传播。Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.一方面，对资源的使用方法有所改进，另一方面，我们对原材料的需要却一直在增长而某些荒野之地又富含这些资源。第28页共219页,Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.猫的命运就要得到改善。-styleButanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置) wellaftertheygooutofstyle.但是一项新的研究表明我们会一直使用我的旧电器尽管他们早就过时了。 ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.这的校园模式与中国大学的模式完全不同。第二部分短语：registerforacourse注册某个课程takenotes记录anexchangestudent交换生keepadiary写日记inthelecturehall在阶梯教室organizeone’sthoughts整理自己的思路completethetable完成表格flashcards闪卡inthedininghall在餐厅makemindmaps制作思维导图oncampus在校园becuriousabout对什么好奇avisitingprofessor/student客座教授/访问生inthefuture将来inthesciencelab在理科实验室attheweekends在周末thewholetime一直givesomebodyanimpressionof给谁留下什么印象concentrateon专注于ingoodorder秩序良好第28页共219页,leavemealone别烦我capitalletters大写字母feelconfidentabout对什么感到自信makeamistake犯错误atthesametime与此同时aclassonmusic一节音乐课cometrue变成现实dependon依赖reflecton回顾decideonyourgoal确定目标第三部分句子：1.What’sup?IamsurethatIcanperfectlyliveuptoyourapplications.相信我能完美地完成你的各项安排。Itisuptoyoutodecidewhenwewillstart.我们什么时候出发由你决定。小幽默---Heybro,what’sup?嗨，老兄，最近怎么了？----Thesky.Haha.哈哈，蓝天。(嗨，老兄，头上有什么？)真正的回答该是：“Notmuch"，"Nothing"，“Nothingmuch"------“还行”“Notalot.”，"Nothingnew"------没啥出奇的。“Sameold”“Theusual”-------老样子。2.Bekind/friendlyto第28页共219页,用于表示对他人态度的时候，要用be+形容词+to的结构，这样常见的形容词有loyal,cold,cruel,devoted,faithful,harmful,dangerous,warm等。1).门卫对每个来访的人都很友善。Thegatekeeperis______/________/_________toeveryvisitor.(warm,kind,friendly)2).纳粹德国人对被占领国人民非常残忍。TheNaziswere___________thepeopleintheoccupiedcountries.(cruelto)3).在昏暗下读书对你的眼睛有害。Readinginthedimlightsis__________youreyes.(harmfulto)4).周恩来对祖国忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。ZhouEn-laiis___________China.(devotedto)5).少烧燃煤对环境有好处。Burninglesscoalis__________/__________tonature.(friendly,beneficial)6).I’mso____toallthosevolunteersbecausetheyhelpedmyterribledayendhappily.A.specialB.superiorC.gratefulD.attractive7).Thecrowdofstrangerssuddenlybecame_____(friend)tooneanother.(friendly)1.Findsomebodyfriendlyandhelpful.Helikestowatchthesungodown.上面是英语五大句型结构之一-------宾补结构。常见使用宾补结构的动词如：leave,have,get,let,make,第28页共219页,force,keep等。下面我们看一下常见的宾补结构在阅读中的应用。1).Thecarisaconvenientmeansoftransport,butwehavemadeitourwayoflife.汽车是一种便捷的交通方式，但是我们已经把他们变成我们生活的一部分。2).Theybelieveinsectsaredirtydangerous.Insectsmakethemfeeluncomfortable.他们认为昆虫是肮脏危险的。(食用)昆虫让他感觉恶心。3).By2009,thenumberofpeoplewatchinghisvideosonYoutubewasgettingverylarge.Khandecidedtomakethevideoshisjobinstead.到2009年，在Youtube上观看这些教程的人数变得非常大。相应地Khan决定把制作视频作为自己的工作。4).Hebelievesteachersandstudentscanuseittomakeschoolsbetter.他认为老师和学生们使用这些视频会让学习变得更好。5).Streamingtechnologyhasmadeiteveneasiertolistentoyourfavoritemusic.流量技术已经让人们去听最喜欢的音乐变得更容易。6).OnceIgetthemhometheyareunfailinglydry,hard,andtasteless.我一旦把这些蔬菜买回家，他们肯定会变得又硬又干，食之无味。7).Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakesithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.她说这些本该睡眠时间的活动让孩子们变得非常兴奋，很难让他们平静入睡。8).Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.你可以让你环境利你而存而不是背你而出。第28页共219页,9).Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.(轻松的音乐)轻松的音乐可以让你不会匆忙的进餐。10).Theshopperkepthisshop_____(close)thewholeweek.(closed)11).Themanwentouthurriedly,____（leave）thedishes_____(untouch).(leaving，untouched)12).Theoldmanhashissonwatertheflowerseverymorning.èTheoldmanhastheflowers_____everymorning.(watered)13).Theboyhadhisblood_____(test)inthehospital.(tested)1.WhatwasHanJingtextingabout?学习英语要学出“灵气”，在阅读中，要能灵活的翻译“熟词”，我们看一下高考阅读理解中熟词生义的经典例句。1).ButIhomedin,withuncertainty,ononeparticulartableattheBrown’sGroveFarm’sstand,fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.但因为不确定，所以我进入之后发现在BrownGrove农场摊位的一张特殊的桌子上，堆满了熟透的软的如我拳头般大小的西红柿。2).Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetree,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.在我爬上小山后停下来喘口会粗气并调整自己找的一个最适合的位置，想俯拍一下山下蓝色的大海、白色的楼房和绿色的橄榄树的全景。第28页共219页,3).Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehindandplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.不幸地是，就在我掏出相机之时，一位女士走过来，一下就挡在我要拍照的正前方。4).Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.选择小号餐具。大号碗盘容易让我们变胖。5).Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(电死)iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.如果它们的翅膀同时搭在两个电线中间，就导致触电而死。1.Thereisalottoexploreathighschool.在表示“有什么要如何”的时候，后面的非谓语经常是不定式做后置定语。比如：1).Ilovelisteningtomusicandthere’sneverbeenabettertimetobeamusicfan.我喜欢听音乐而且再也没有比做一个音乐迷更开心的时刻了。2).Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.为了适合某些特殊地域的环境人们开发好多品种（的苹果）。3).MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunitiestostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone.有更多的孩子在睡觉时开着电视，再加上更多的作业、电脑、手机，让他们有更多不睡的机会。4).Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintoapartofyourdietplan.2.Itakenoteswhilelisteningandreading.第28页共219页,“while”作为连词，有三种最常见的翻译1).Sometimesanideawouldcometoherwhileshewaswashingsupperdishes.----在什么期间。有时，在她煮饭的时候，思绪就来了。2).Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.如黄色这样的暖色让人更有胃口，而冷色调让人更有饱腹感。------而3).Learnmorethingswhileyouareyoung.-------趁着趁着年轻多学点东西。1.Howyouliketolearndependonwhatkindofpersonyouare.本句除了dependon短语外，还要掌握一点----名词性从句的规则，缺什么补什么，不缺补that.1).IamgoingtocontinuedoingwhatIhavebeendoingsinceIfirstdiscoveredmusic:listentoitthewayIcan.我打算一如既往的做我所做的事情，自从我发现音乐之后，我想怎么听就怎么听。2).Riverahadtoplanaheadanddrewsimplyaboutwhatheplannedtopaint.Rivera不得不提前规划，画出他所要画图画的简图。3).Butwhatbeganasnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.现在每当我看到这副照片，我就在想她在照片中的存在是这张照片有趣的所在。4).Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.第28页共219页,你睡多久取决于你的年龄。5).Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.专家说你房屋的装修方式可以决定你是长胖还是保持身段苗条。1.Itisimportanttodecideonyourgoal.1).IttookRiverayearstofinish.完成这幅画花了Rivera几年的时间。2).Today,itishardtofindapublicschool,university,orlawschoolthatdoesnothavesuchakindofprogram.如今，我们很难找到哪所公立中学、大学和法律学校不开展此方面教育的活动。3).WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldjusttakeonepictureofthelandscape?就为了我自己拍张风景而请这位女士离开一下是不是有点太过了呢？4).Itisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.难怪，食物在不同的文化和国度如此重要的作用。第四部分语法：2.MydreamistostartmyownITcompany.1).不定式做表语一般表示解释主语的目的、功能作用等，所以主语的名词经常是一些思维有关的抽象名词如：plan,suggestion,goal,purpose,idea,intention,aim等。TheideawastoreuniteEuropeaftertheSecondWorldWar.第28页共219页,Myfirstreactionwastoanswerdefensively.Thefirstthinghedidwastofindshelterformthefreezingwindandsnow.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,signandappreciatetheview.2).表示“要想如何，就必须得怎么样”。Atthattimethereweremanyfewerwomenthanmen,soifamandidn'twanttobeleftout,hisonlychoicewastodancewithanothermansothathecouldattracttheattentionofthefewavailablewomen.Aliaknewthatifthebooksweretobesafe,theymustbe53againwhilethecitywas54.3).不定式做表语可以表示将来时。IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou,howwouldyoufeel?Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.[新教材]人教版（2019）高一英语必修第一册Unit1语法知识点详解学案第一部分词汇学习1.识别词汇：（知道汉语意思即可，教材中标注为非重点词汇）第28页共219页teenagefreshmanconfuingconfuseadvanced第28页共219页,extra-curricularsurvivaladdictedChicagoSeoul第28页共219页2.识别词汇：（尽管标着黑体，但是使用频度不高，所以只要求英汉对译）第28页共219页balletgreenhousetitlefluentdebatechallengetopicliteratureextraplategenerationadultcleanup第28页共219页黑体变形词汇1).teenagerèteenèteenageResearchnowsaysaddingfibertothe teen dietmayhelplowertheriskofbreastcancer.现在研究表明给青少年的食谱中增加纤维有可能会降低他们患乳腺癌的机率。Parentsareconcernedthattheirchildrenmaygetinvolvedincriminaloffencesoncetheyreachtheir teens.父母们担心当孩子们到了10几岁的时候他们会卷入刑事犯罪。上面的两个例子的“teen”表示的是“13—19岁的青少年”，所以teenage表示青少年时期，而teenager则表示一个10几岁的少年。与之相关的短语还有，inone’steens在某人10几岁的时候。2).moveèmovingèmovableèmobileèmovementButthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccine movement.但是因为反疫苗运动，这种疾病正在反弹。Forexample, mobile robotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.比如，会动的机器人被设定与人类保持适宜的距离。（mobilephone手机）第28页共219页,This dresser is movable; we can take it to our new flat.这个梳妆台是可以移动的，我们能把它搬到新的住所。flat.3).graduateègraduate毕业生ègraduation毕业ègraduatefromAlateststudyonthecollegejobmarketshowedthatemployerswantedtohire22%fewer graduates thisyearthanlast.一项最新毕业生就业市场的调查表明，今年雇主乐意雇佣新毕业生的人数比去年减少了22%。I graduated onscholarshipanddancedprofessionallyfortenyears.我靠着奖学金毕业并且以舞蹈为业跳了10年。cook,produce,4).obviousèobviouslyItseems obvious thatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.看起好像很显然进化论更青睐更大的大脑。Onesolutionis obviously toimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.一个明显的解决方案就是通过移民引进外来务工人员。Yellowstone obviously wasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.很明显，黄石公园是第二类型的，但是Christiansen不可能在别的地方再找到喷火山口了。5).responseèresponsibleèresponsibilityèirresponsibleIthasbroughtupgenerationsof responsible citizens.这已经教育出几代负责人的公民。第28页共219页,Manyenvironmentalexpertsnowbelievethatmethaneis more responsible forglobalwarmingthancarbondioxide很多环境方面的专家认为甲烷比二氧化碳更应该对全球气候变暖负责。6).behaveèbehaviourPeoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho behave withinthelawsandvaluesystems信仰自由的人是那些遵纪守法看重秩序的人。Behaveyourself.Hebehavedstrangelyduringthemeeting.(normal)Existingsocialnetworkscanbemoreeffectiveincreatingchangeinpeople's behaviour.现有的社交网络能更有效的让人们在行为上有所改变。7).youngèyouthIt'sthestageinthemiddleofthejourneywhenpeoplefeel youth vanishing,theirprospectsnarrowinganddeathapproaching.这是人生的中年阶段，此时人们会感到青春逝去，前景渺茫，死神正来。Agreatdeclinein young workforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstance.比如，在中国可能会出现年轻劳动力急剧下降的现象。8).editèeditorèeditionYoushouldalsolistthesoftwareyouuseto edit anyimages.你还应该列举你用来编辑图像的软件。第28页共219页,Thelatestedition最新版。3.补充词汇：（本单元中出现，但是没列在词汇表中，有些需要掌握）。第28页共219页relaxrelatiohshipchoicedatedecisiondailyabsorbcircuskeeneagercoachboredstrengthrevealcharactercomparecategoryfunctionviolinistorganisationdetailsloganrequirementrecruitassemblymaterial第28页共219页relax1).Youareworkingtoohard.You'dbetterkeepabalancebetweenworkandrelaxation.你工作太努力了。最好要保持劳逸结合。2).Theyjokeandlaughandarelivingintheirownrelaxedworld.他们闹着笑着，生活在自己轻松的世界里。3).Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.如果你想让进餐变得缓慢，那就选择舒缓的音乐。choice1).IhavenochoicebuttobotheryoutocorrectmymistakesinthematerialIattachtotheletter.我别无选择，只能麻烦您帮我改一下我寄给您材料中的错误。2).Ithadalsogivenmea    54  , eithertoleavethatpage blankortokeepwritingthestory withhope.第89页共219页,54. A. choice   B. reward   C. promise     D. break它已经让我别无选择，只能是要么停止，要么带着希望继续写下去。3).Don'tbetoochoosyaboutthepartoftownyoustayin.（particularabout,pickyabout）4).Beforechoicesarefinalized,parents/carerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchildren’schoices.在你做出最终选择前，父母或护工需要被要求去签字确认孩子们的选择。absorb1).Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.我不想对模特行业变得涉足过深。2).Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.他经常是一忘我的工作就会忘记吃睡。belostinèbetakeninto=beburiedin忙于，忘我bore1).Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.又过了15分钟，我变得不耐烦了。（因为）那位女士依然还在那。2).Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutine(常规)basis.所有的活动如果每天必做的话都会变得无聊，此为常理。3).Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseithaseithertooboringortoodifficult.第89页共219页,在前一种情形，我们会怠工，要么因为工作太无聊要么工作太难。compare1).Thereareseveralreasonstodevelop in children before their general cognitive(认知)skills,at least when compared with chimps.至少与猩猩相比，在孩子们的基本认知能力形成之前，会出现各种各样样的诱因。4.重点掌握词汇Volunteer1).名词：表示志愿者Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100 volunteers typetheword"touch"fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.在一项与之相关的调查中，调查者让100名志愿者打使用这款智能键盘“touch”这个单词4遍。Mostofour volunteers areaged17-24.我们大部分的志愿者年龄都在17—24岁之间。2).动词：表示志愿去做什么。Sincehefirststarted12hiscartotheyoungpeople,Wilsonhas13astonishing64,000miles.12.A.donatingB.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering13.A.pavedB.coveredC.measuredD.wandered自从Wilson初次用车志愿接送这些年轻人开始，他已经走过了惊人的64000英里。第89页共219页,preferto1).单独使用，及物动词IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRiver,thelongestriverandoneofthemotherriversofChinesecivilization.我喜欢沿长江的旅行，长江是中国最长并且也是中华文明的母亲河之一。WhenIwaseighteen,IdecidedthatIreally preferred contemporarydanceandthatIwantedtodoitprofessionally.当我18岁时，我认为我真正喜欢的现代舞并且想把现代跳舞作为自己的职业。2).和would连用Youaccidentallyreveal(透露)toentirecompanywhatmenuchoicesyouwouldpreferatthestaffChristmasdinner,orwhatholidayyou’dliketotake.你偶然把圣诞聚餐的食谱透露给了公司或者是你想度什么假3).preferAtoBThatiswhyfish prefer shallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.鱼喜欢浅水而不喜欢深水因为浅水比较温暖。TheygraduallylosethehabitofmigratinginwinterThey prefer rubbishdumpsfarawaytothoseathome.它们慢慢失去冬天迁徙的习惯。它们喜欢远处的垃圾堆而不喜欢在自己家门口的。4).Prefertodoratherthando第89页共219页,I'd preferto goforawalkratherthansitherewatchingthemplayfootball.我宁愿去散步而不想坐在这儿看他们踢足球.5).PrefersomebodytodosomethingUnlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshops prefer customerstostaylongerandspend.不像快餐店，好的餐厅希望顾客待得更长时间来消费。6).词形变化：SomepeoplelikejoggingatnightandIt'samatterofpersonal ______(prefer).(preference)有些人喜欢在夜晚慢跑，这是个人的喜好。ImustsayIhaveastrong preference _____thisproduct.(for)我得说我对这种产品非常青睐。Theyneededtobearousedonewayortheother,andthey ______(prefer) goodnewstobad.(preferred)他们需要这样或那样的刺激而且他们喜好好消息不喜欢坏消息。content1).形容词：满足满意。常用becontenttodosomething或becontentwith/inAfterawhilesheseemed content toleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery.过了一段时间，她看起来好像乐意把她丈夫一个人留在墓地。Sheseemedso content inherobservation.她看起来对她的观察很满意。第89页共219页,Andyis content withthetoy.Andy对他的玩具很满意。2).名词：内容，内涵Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfat content andlesssalt.在食品行业，低脂肪低盐只是最近才有的一种趋势。3).过去分词形成的形容词Taniakeptthechildrenreasonablyquietand contented.塔妮娅把孩子们哄得安安静静而又心满意足。Hewon'tbe contented untilhe'supseteveryoneintheoffice.他不把办公室的每个人弄得心烦意乱就不满足。Suit1).动词：适合Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbest suit yourconditions.在展销会上，你可以和种植行家讨论哪种果树最适合你的情况。Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebetter suited forfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.一些专家怀疑3D食品打印机，认为他们比起家用或高端酒店来说，它们更适合快餐店。Veryspicyfooddoesn't suit her(stomach).非常辛辣的食品不适合她的胃口第89页共219页,2).名词：套装WhydidLarrypurchaseanexpensivenavy suit andgoldentie？为什么Larry要买那么昂贵的海军服和金色的领带？3).词形变化Tosumup,TheCurseoftheWere-Rabbitisanamazingfilmwhichis suitable forbothchildrenandadults.总之，“人兔的诅咒”是一部了不起的老少皆宜的电影。Thisprogrammeisnot suitable forchildren.这个节目儿童不宜。confused1).使义动词：表示令人疑虑的，使人迷惑的。Thiscrazybusschedulehasgotmecompletely confused.这个不合理的公交时刻表真得让我完全蒙了。Theycanbecome confused byseeingmanyphotographsorsimilarfaces.他们可能会因为看到那么多图片或相似的面孔而感到困惑。Ithinkit'saseriousmistaketo confuse bookswithlife.我认为把书本和说活混为一谈是严重错误的。Theinstructionsontheboxarevery confusing.盒子上的说明令人费解。第89页共219页,Theauthortakesnovelreadingasawaytogetawayfroma confusing world.作者把小说阅读作为一个遁世之法，远离纷繁的世界。2).词形变化：Becauseofthe confusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithoutoperation.因为这种困惑，所以Merat认为一些汽车制造商会一直等到汽车可以不需要操作完全自动化的时候。Recommend------掌握这一点：一“坚持”二“命令”三“要求”四“建议”省略should的虚拟语气。He recommended thatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.他推荐她做一些调查并和牙医谈论一些更健康的糖果含有什么样的成分。Asaretiredeardoctor,IheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.作为一个退休眼科医生，我向听力正常和失聪的人强力推荐TVEars。signupfor1).名词，迹象、征兆、标志Small signs mayindicategreatchangestocomeandthereforemeritattention.小的征兆可能暗示大变革的到来所以值得关注。Ioftenfoundmyselftellingmymomtodrivemoreslowly,sothatIcouldreadalloftheroad signs wepassed.我发觉自己经常告诉妈妈慢开，这样我能阅读我们所路过的路标。第89页共219页,2).动词，标签名，签字。Itallbeginshere,by signing uptojoinanorganization.所有的一切至此开始，只要你报名参加某一组织。ThesetworkedsobeautifulwhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstations signed offforthenight.这电视机用起来真棒以至于我到家就打开它一直到电视台到晚间说再见的时候。3).词形变化：signal信号，signature签字，签名，significant重要的(签名说明很重要)，significance重要性advance1).名词，前进，进步Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.即将出现的科技进步给城市和国家提供了机会去研发出载客更多更经济的出行系统。Advancereservationsrequired.请提前预定。Bookingtwomonthsinadvance.要提前2个月预订。2).动词，前进，向前Scientistshave advanced manytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeen第89页共219页,proved.科学家已经提出好多关于为什么人类要哭泣的理论，但是没有一项是被证实的。Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.多亏了先进技术，我们才生活在一个交流更便捷的时代。QuitSusanhadquitherwell-paidjoband wasworking asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.Susan放弃了她的高薪工作，当我去年看她的时候她正在附近的某个区域做志愿者。Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angryandupset,saidhewas quitting.那项任务如此的艰巨以至于Steve又气又怒地说他要放弃了。beresponsiblefor本次词汇要关注的是搭配和词形变化。Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.但是一些幻想家也催生了人类历史上的某些伟大想法和成就。Theyhavetobearconsequencestheyarenot responsible for.他们不得不去承担他们不该负责的后果。Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalsotakemore responsibility.她还说媒体机构还应该承担更多的责任。第89页共219页,Itisimportanttostresstheneedofshouldering responsibilities atwork.强调在工作中承担责任的必要性是很重要的。SolutionInthisinstance,thebestsolutionistosendaquick,light-heartedapologytoexplainyourawkwardness.在这种时候，最好的解决方案就是发一个快速的、轻松的道歉去解释你的尴尬。Schedule1).名词：形成，安排，IhopeI'vegivenyouaclearideaofthe schedule foryourLondonweekend.我希望我已经对您周末伦敦的形成说的很清楚。Afree schedule ofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat556-4183.你打票房电话556-4183就可以得到每一期免费的活动安排时间表。Thebuildingwascompletedthreemonths aheadofschedule.大楼提前3个月完工。BylateNovembertheweaponshadarrived onschedule.到11月底这批武器如期运来。2).动词：安排Pamela'sreportisnotfinishedas scheduled.Pamela的报告没有如期完成。第89页共219页,Thegameis scheduled for/onSaturday.比赛安排在周六举行。Adventure1).名词：冒险Icouldhardlywaittotrythis adventure again.我等不急要再尝试一次这样的冒险。Youmightalsodesignan adventure challengetotrainyoungvolunteers.你还可以设计一次冒险类挑战去训练那些年轻的志愿者。2).动词：冒险AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstorytheEndurance, adventuring waseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.正如作家CarolineAlexander在她极具说服力、精心研究的小说《耐力》中所阐明的，冒险在当时也完全是一种商业行为。Expert1).名词Anygivenperformancetakesatourbusfullofartists,technical experts,managers,musicians,orwriterstocreateanappealingpieceofart.任何一场既定的演出，都需要一个合作团队，包括艺术家、艺术指导、策划、音乐人或作家来创作出一件有感染力的作品。第89页共219页,2).动词(少见，略)3).形容词Theyatethreemealsregularlyeveryday.Theywere expert atcookingmeals.他们每天按时吃3顿饭。他们非常精于烹饪。Theyareallexpertinthisfield.在这一领域他们都很专业。Attract1).动词Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollars attracting toptalent.体育俱乐部的老板们会花重金吸引最棒的运动员。Youngbirdsareoften attracted tothewarmroadsurfaceandgetkilledbythetraffic.幼鸟经常受到温暖路面的吸引而被车辆辗轧而亡。2).形容词：attractiveWe'reallwellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeusfeel more attractive,sportyorprofessional,dependingontheclotheswewear.我们都非常清楚，不同的穿戴会让我们看起来更具魅力、更有有活力或更职业化，这取决于我们所穿的服饰类型。Maketheirprogrammes attractive topeople.让他们的活动变得更具吸引力。Thenaturalbeautyisn't attractive tothem.自然美景对他们毫无吸引力。3).名词attractionButfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop attraction.第89页共219页,但是对于像我这样的游客来说，熊猫是最大的吸引。Nowthisformerroyalpalaceisopentothepublicasamajortourist attraction.现在这个曾经的皇家宫殿作为一个主要的旅游景点向公众开放。4).构词法Boyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeing distracted.(使心烦意乱)男孩子能够集中精力学习而不被分心。Ithoughtanything abstract lefttoomuchroomforargument.（abstrac分心的，抽象的）我认为任何抽象事物都留有让人去探讨的余地。focuson1).动词：精力集中到什么上。Curriculums-fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolveto focus lessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.所有的课程从语法学校到大学，都应该发研发课出少侧重记忆而多重于创造力和复杂交际方面的课程来。Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeep focused formorethananhouratatime.因为一直紧张，所以我不能让自己的注意力一次性集中超过一小时。2).名词：聚焦There'sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat'sbeginningtocomeinto focus:food.人们的聚焦正集中在3D打印行业的一个新事物上：食品打印。addictedto第89页共219页,He'sso addicted toitthathejustcan'tstandtheideathattheremaybeanimportanttext.他对此如此的强迫以至于他绝对无法忍受漏读一条重要信息的想法。、Andersonbelievedthatthesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyhegets addicted toTV.Anderson认为，越聪明的孩子，越不会对电视上瘾。Theyallshareacommon addiction—foodthatisnotjustspicy,butnotenoughtomakeyourmouthburn,yourheadspinandyoureyeswater.他们都有个一个共同的癖好，那就是食物一定要辣，但是又不至于辣到嘴巴冒火、辣得直摇头、辣得泪水直流。第二部分：重点短语livea___life过着___样的生活cleanup打扫givedirections指引方向besuitablefor对什么合适preparefor为什么而准备takeacourse学某一课程handout给出keepupwith跟上bepreparedfor准备好做什么onone’sown独立facethechallenge面对挑战makeaworkableschedule列出可行计划playtheviolin拉小提琴becompletelylost完全迷失于atthecamp在学校survivalskills求生技能makeafire升火giveaspeech做演讲、报告presentyourideato把你的想法说给谁getstarted开始第89页共219页,inthewild在野外askforadvice征询意见makesuggestions提建议givefeedbackon对什么反馈readsomethingtosb.把什么读给谁听enjoypopmusic喜欢流行音乐workout想出，计算出fallbehind落下dropoutofschool辍学makethemostof充分利用setup建立begratefulfor感激meetingtime见面时间inthesuburbs在郊区graduatefrom毕业于aprivateschool私立学校lookthrough浏览growup长大第三部分：重要句子1.IamwonderingwhichoneIshouldchoose.本句要掌握wonder的用法：后面经常接宾语从句①Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsound______(wonder).wonderful②IncludesaguidedtourexploringmuchoftheShakespeare_____(wonder).wonder③Youmaywonder____paving(铺砌)aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.(how)④Nodoubthewonders_____hewasn'thappierinhisvillageworkinghisownland.whether⑤hereisnopoolsidenoiseherebutjustthat_____(wonderfully)warm,clearbluesea.wonderfully⑥No______itranksastheworld'smostbody-consciouscountry.wonder2.Actually,llikeactingbetter.第89页共219页,Obviously,Iwasunhappy.这两个句子要掌握的是副词引导句子做上下句的承接，阅读中随处可见。例如：1).Unfortunately,ittookahorribleaccidenttochangeherattitude.2).Sadly,biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid.3).Additionally,groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkhard.4).Apparently,blindlyfollowingothers'advicewillaffectourownjudgment.5).Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.6).Similarly,manycommercialwebsiteswillhaveared"BuyNow"buttonbecauseredisacolorthateasilycatchesaperson'seye.7).Currently,I’mlearningyourProbabilitycourse.8).Evidently,myexcitementreallycamethroughinmywords.9).Therefore,itcan'tbebetterifyoucanjoinmyteamandshowyourtalent.10).Moreover,thenewgrowingtechniquesarecontributingtoacidic(酸性的)soilconditions.1.IsAdamconfidentthathewillgetusedtoseniorhighschoollife?(说法不一，有人认为是状语从句，有人认为是宾语从句，而牛津语法则只说它是名词性从句。我们姑且把它认为是宾语从句。)本句要掌握的是形容词后接的宾语从句。常见的形容词如：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised,sure,curious,等，这个表达方式经常会用在写作中来发表观点，例如：1).Shewasafraidthatclassicalstudywouldruinhisjazz-influencedstyle．第89页共219页,2).Wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.3).Newstudentsarenowawarethattheyarelikelytoleaveuniversityupto￡15,000indebt.1.Areallthepartsofaletterincludedandorganisedinagoodorder?本句是分词作的后置定语。要理解其本质，能断出词形。1).Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions,includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.2).FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.3).Supposeyou’reinarush,fellingtired,notpayingattentiontoyourscreen4).OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou’llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.5).Seniorcitizens65andolderanddisabledcustomersmayrideforhalftheregularfare.6).Ordinarysoap, _____ correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.used B.touse C.using D.use7).TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.2.Thenexttimeyoufeellikeyoudonotwanttodoboring,difficulhomeworkorgotoclass,thinkaboutthechildrenwhodon’thavethechancetogetagoodeducation.3.Inwhatwaysisyourlifesimilarordifferentfromyourparents’?第89页共219页,第四部分：单元语法1.让步状语从句WheneverIamfacingadifficulty,Ialwaystellmyself,“don’tletanythingstopyou.”_______onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.A.SinceB.AfterC.WhileD.UnlessWheneverwehearabout"thehomeless",mostofusthinkoftheDevelopingWorld.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.与名词性从句的区别Iamwellpreparedforwhateverelsecomesinthefuture.Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whicheverYoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Youcandohelps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.WhereverSomepeoplebelieve________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however2.使义动词用法Wearepleasedtointroduceourclubtoyou.第89页共219页,Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.1).在使用“使役动词”的时候，要重点区分的就是看动词所描述的对象自己的内心情感还是让其他事物感觉如何，不要看是修饰的人还是修饰物体。Deeplytouchedbytheboy'swords,Moodydecidedtocreateafoundation(基金会)thatintroducesteenagerstothebasicsoffishingincampingprograms.Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries．2).在使用“使役动词”的时候，还要关注某些动词的“使役形容词”形式，一般情况下，有名词不用动名词，有形容词不用分词。Onhisarrival,hetookouthistoolsandtestedthemachine.(最好不用arriving)Whatapleasantdayitis!(不用pleasing)Istudiedthe______(delight)formsofthecactus.DelightfulThemostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.Butourfundswerelimited,andnoneofthehousesinourpricerangeseemedsatisfactory.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding.Theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready.第五部分：课外阅读Howtochooseasubjectafterhighschool1.Followyourpassions.第89页共219页, "Whenyouloveyourjob,youwillneverworkadayinyourlife,"goesanoldsaying.Findajobthatincludesyourfavoriteactivities.Maybeitwillstillbework,butwhenyoulovewhatyoudo,itissomethingyouaremorelikelytothrivein.Notethat"dreamjobs"arestillhardwork,evenifyouarea rockstar oraprofessionalvideogameplayer.However,doingwhatyouenjoyiscertainlyabetterroutethansomethingyouhate.·Ifyoulovedrawing,thinkabouttakingacourseonthatandjoiningaclubondrawing.·Ifyoulovevideogames,youmaywantacourseonprogramming.·Loveanareaofscience?Ifyouareinterestedinaspecificarea,suchasgenetics,astronomy,geology,biology,orpsychologythatmaybeanareatolookinto.2.Lookatyourstrengths. Everyonecomestotheworldwithcertainstrengthsandweaknesses,andknowingwhattheyaremakeadifferenceinfiguringwheretofocusyourenergies.Forexample:·Apersonwhofindsmathematicseasymaybeinterestedinaccounting,sciences,orengineering.·Ifyouareexcellentwithpeople,youmaybeagoodsalesperson,therapist,orteacher.·Arisk-taker?Maybeyoushouldconsiderstartingabusinessorstart-up.3.Considerjobswithsolidprospects. Itiseasytogetcaughtupintheideaofhavinga"dreamjob",andnotseeplentyofjobsthatmaynotbehigh-profile,buthaveagoodpayoff.Havingafutureasanelectrician,accountant,orweldermaynotbeglamorous,buttheseskilledworkersarealwaysindemandandcommandgoodpay.Itmaynotbesoidealisticanidealaspursuingyourdreamofbeingarockbanddrummer,butyouaremorelikelytohaveacomfortablelifestyle--andyoucanalwaysplaythedrumsforfun.第89页共219页,4.Justtryajob. Sometimes,youjusthavetostartsomewhere,andeitheryoufindyouenjoyit,ornot,oramixtureofboth.Thisisvaluablefeedbackonbothwhatyouenjoyordowell,andwhatyoudonot.Itisbettertojusttrysomethingthantodonothingatall.Asayoungadult,youhavetogetstartedsomewheretogetexperience.·Almostalwayswhenyoustartinthejobmarket,itwillbeajobthatislow-paying,low-responsibility,andyouareatthebottomofthechainofcommand.Thatisjustahardreality,butthisistheadultworldandunlessyoustartsomewhere,youendupnowhere.·Beontime,berespectful,workhard.[新教材]人教版（2019）高一英语必修第一册Unit2语法知识点详解学案第一部分：词汇（红色部分是课文黑体词）1.识别词汇：（知道汉语意思即可，教材中标注为非重点词汇）第89页共219页castlevisapowerfulempirearchitectureeconomytombunearththeEiffelTowerNeuschwansteinCastleIcelandDisneylandPerutheAndesMountainstheAmazonrainforesttheIncaEmpireMachuPicchuSpainSpanishCuscoLakeTiticacatheUrostheTerracottaArmyamazedstatueBCE第89页共219页,creditcardaccommodationsiteemperorbrochurecivilisationdestinationsoldierhikearchitect第89页共219页2.补充词汇：（本单元中出现，但是没列在词汇表中，有些需要掌握）。第89页共219页education教育preparation准备online在线的single单个的arrangement安排observation观察encyclopedia百科全书brochure小册子，说明书excellent精彩的，棒的relationship关系payment支付guard守护summarise总结purpose目的stress重音overall全部地，大致地magnetic有磁性的，有魅力的poverty贫穷第89页共219页3．掌握形变Civilisation文明ècivil本国的，国内的，公民的ècivilize教化ècivilizationèextremelyèextremeofficialèofficeamazementèamazeèamazingpackageèpackèunpacktransportètransmit发射ètransplant移植ètransform改变ètranslate翻译èeconomic经济方面的、与经济有关的èeconomy经济èeconomical省钱的，经济的èeconomically4.列举掌握(要求掌握所列举内容)：第89页共219页,sourceDeerandelkpopulations—majorfood sources forthewolf–grewrapidly.鹿和麋鹿的数量---狼的主要食物来源---增长的非常快。flightAlthoughbirdsusetheirfeathersfor flight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.尽管鸟用羽毛飞行，可是有些羽毛是有其他用途的。Ifwehadcaughtthe flight yesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，我们现在就可能在沙滩上享受假日了。1).Wewere___(on)thesameflight___(to)NewYorklastmonth.2).Itisonlyanhour’s_____(flight)fromtheislandtothemainland.3).Therewereregular_____(flights)fromNanjingtoWuhaneveryday.CreditInhisintroduction,hemadeitclearthatour credits wouldbehard-earned.在他的介绍里，他说的很清楚，我们的学分不会白得。Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyour credit.按时交电费很重要，因为迟交可能影响你的信誉。Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyour credit carduse.可能你喝得太多或者是不知如何掌控信用卡的使用。narrow第89页共219页,Mostofus,infact,progressively narrow thevarietyofourlives.实际上，我们大多数人都在逐步压缩我们生活的多样性。Hehada narrow escapeinacaraccident.这次车祸他九死一生。takecontrolofAyoungEnglishteachersavedthelivesof30studentswhenhetook control ofabusafteritsdriversufferedaseriousheartattack.在巴士司机突然出现严重的心脏病后，一位年轻的英语教师控制住了巴士，从而挽救了30个学生的生命。Irealizedthebuswasoutof control whenIwasspeakingtothestudents.当我在跟学生说话的时候，我意识到巴士失控了。flatGoodmorning,I'moneofthestudentswhorentedyour flat.上午好，我是租您公寓的学生之一。Someanimalsaresimplyverysmallorextremely flat.有些动物简直又小又扁。typeAfewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cave types.不过，一些胆大的存活下来了，还有一些变成了穴居类型Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybody types differently.第89页共219页,每人使用一个键盘，而每人打字的方式都不相同。RentHowmuch rent shouldonepayfortheone-bedroomapartment?单人间的卧室租金该是多少呢？Theonefor rent isontheright.用于出租的在右边。Pushchairsandwheelchairsareavailableto rent attheinformationdesk.手推车和轮椅可以在信息问询处那租赁。PathAnavalancheonceclosedthe path,killing63people.一场雪崩曾经封闭了这条道路，导致63人死亡。Heknewthe path hislifewasnowtaking.他知道他自己所选择的生活之路。AdmireDuringthemid-autumnfestival,familymembersoftengathertogethershareameal, admire themoonandenjoymooncakes.在中秋节期间，家人团聚在一起聚餐、赏月、吃月饼。otherthanIhavenoambitions otherthan tohaveahappylifeandbefree.第89页共219页,我胸无大志，只希望自由自在过幸福的生活。Theleggybeautywasnone otherthan ourownNaomiCampbell.那长腿美女不是别人，正是咱们的娜奥米·坎贝尔。5.重点掌握applyçèapplyfor1).动词，表示申请Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse,Idecidedto apply fortheonethatreflectedmyinterest.当最终的选课时刻到来之时，我决定申请能够代表我兴趣的学科。Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.2).动词，表示应用Applying myownrule,Ideterminedtowritetheminalphabetical,neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.按照我的规矩，我决定把他们以字母表的顺序写下来，不漏掉任何难点。Nowresearchersare applying scientificmethodstothestudyoftheuniversalityofart.目前研究者正把科学的方法应用到对艺术普遍性的研究上。3).动词，表示精心研究Insparemomentshe applied hismindtohowrocketscouldbeusedtomakemoney.他在业余时间潜心研究如何利用火箭技术赚钱。第89页共219页,4).applied，形容词，应用的I'mgoingtotakeacoursein applied mathematicsthissemester.本学期我打算选修应用数学。5).application,名词，应用/申请However,technologyisalsothe application ofscientificknowledgetosolveaproblem,touchinglivesincountlessways.然而科技也是对解决问题的科学知识的应用，涉及生活的各个方面。Themorsoncompanyturneddownmy application.莫森公司拒绝了我的申请。6).applicant名词，申请人Hewasthehundredth applicant forthejob.他是第100个申请这份工作的人。pack1).名词，一群，一副，一组FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolf packs inYellowstone.美国鱼类及野生动物管理局密切观测并掌控者黄石公园里的狼群。2).动词，打包，包裹Bytheway,doesyourpackageneed packing?顺便问一下，您的包裹需要打包吗？Studentsareprovidedwithbreakfast,dinnerandeitheracookedor packed lunchwhichconsistsofa第89页共219页,sandwich,adrinkandadessert.早晚餐可以提供给学生，而午餐要么是现做的要么是定好的盒饭，包括一个三明治，一份饮料和一份餐后甜点。3).packed形容词,充满了的，赛满的。Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkon packed highwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.他们在拥挤的道路上忍受漫长的上下班路途因为他们能够在路上工作、娱乐或者睡觉，这助长了城市的蔓延。4).package名词包裹，动词给什么装箱，打包Thepackagewillbe packed withamediumbox,amIright?包裹将要用中号的盒子打包，我说的对吗？Properlypreparing packaged noodlesouprequiresaforcedwait.正确地做一份方便面汤需要必不可少的等待。(半成品的，经过加工包装好的。)amaze--------完成下面的练习。1).Thenetworkedcomputerisan _______(amaze)device.(amazing )2).It'san ____(amaze) accomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.(amazing)3).Manyvisitorswere _____(amaze) bythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.(amazed)4).Theystoppedintheirtracksandstaredathimin ______(amaze).(amazement)第89页共219页,5).______(amaze),TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.(Amazingly)6).Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoing_____(amaze)well.(amazingly)RecogniseDatacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedto recognize differentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.依据据参与者如何打字，设备采集来的数据信息可以被用来识别不同的参与者，而且错误率极低。Ofthenineteen recognized polarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.在19种已知的北极熊亚种群数量中，3种数量下降，6种稳定，一种有所上升而9种缺少足够的信息。Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customers recognized itassweeterandmoretasty.如果把黑色的蛋糕放在黑色而不是白色盘中的时候，顾客认为它更甜更好吃。Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfully recognized.巴赫逝世于1750年，但是知道19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被世人所完全认知。JamesBrindleyis recognized asoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.JamesBrindley被看成是顶级的早期运河工程师。Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsaregettinginternational recognition.王的获奖意味着中国建筑正在得到国际的认可。第89页共219页,Navigatorshaveusedmagneticnorthforcenturiestoorientthemselveswhenthey'refarfrom recognizable landmarks.几个世记以来,当航海家远离可识别的地标时一直用北磁极为它们自己确定方位.UniqueAnother unique humancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.另一个人类独有的特征是我们人类直立行走。Thesepatternsare unique toeachperson.这些模式对于每个人来说都是独有的。※※同样搭配的单词有strange,alien,foreign,native,home等词汇。※※Lookingbackward,wediscoverwhatisuniqueinus;learnthemeaningof"I".回顾过去，我们发现了我们自身特有的东西，明白了“我”的真正意义。Chinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.contact1).名词，联系Keepeye contact inconversationtobuildtrust.在对话中保持眼神交流以此增进信任。Emergencyworkershavemade contact withtheminersviaaradio.救援工作者通过无线电与矿工联系。2).动词，联系。第89页共219页,Iftheredlightisnotblinking, contact residencehallstaffimmediately.如果红灯不亮，马上联系公寓工作人员。makeupSincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.既然最贫穷的人是最不可能弥补厄尔尼诺现象所造成的损失，那么减小他们的损失就成为最优先要做的事情。Itisearlydaysyetto makeupone'smind.现在下定决心还为时过早。detail1).名词OntheInternet,wecouldquicklyandeasilylocatethe details,andcheckfacts,withoutkeepingtheminmind.在网上，我们可以既快又容易地定位具体信息，查阅事件，而没必要把它们都记在脑子里。Vaillant'sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreat detail.（反义词短语èinbrief简明扼要地）瓦利恩特的研究详尽的跟踪这些男子。2).detailedHereisa detailed costingofourproposals.这是我们预案的详尽成本计算。3).动词，细说第89页共219页,Theboyslistenedbreathlesslyasthesailor detailed thestoryoftheshipwreck.水手详述沉船的故事时,孩子们屏息倾听着.checkinçècheckoutButwhenIarrivedatthe check-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:..但是当我到达普罗维登斯登机手续办理服务台的时候，那位女士却说：…Iwantto check outthesebooks.我想把这些书借走。I'dliketochangethe check-indatefromseptember15toseptember16.我想把入住日期从9月15日改到9月16日。I'm...I'm checking outonthemorningofthe4th.呃…我准备在4号上午离开。Request1).名词Whenhis request wasrefused,hetookouthisFrenchhornandstartedtopractice.当他的请求被拒绝后，他拿出圆号（法国号）开始练习。Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmake requests forittoperformdifferenttasks.你可以跟机器人进行交流，问问题，提要求让它做不同的任务。Attherequestofmanycustomers,themarketwillbringforthnewideastomaketheservicebetter.应很多顾客的要求，商场会想出新的方法来更好的服务。第89页共219页,2).动词Shehad requested thecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.她已经要求社区在她过世之后把这里变成一个博物馆。Theyrequestedthatadelegationbesenttotheircountry.他们请求派一个代表团去他们的国家。Irequestedhimtocomebeforeten.我要求他10点之前到。viewsight1).view强调的是站在某个点位所看到的视野。Thehotelhasthebest views ofthePacificOcean.这个旅馆最适合欣赏太平洋的美景。Themostpopular view isthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.最普遍的观点是埃及人在光滑的路面上滑动这些巨石。Silencemaybe viewed bysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.沉默在某些文化中被认为是最令人不舒服的；因此人们可能会在每个间隙填充对话。Fromtheteacher'spointof view,childrenshouldbelefttodecidewhattoreadandhowtoread.从老师的角度来看，应该让孩子自己决定读什么，怎么读。2).sight强调看的动作。第89页共219页,Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakeawalkingjourney,astheycaught sight ofanoldhiker's guide.找不到其他出口，他们决定步行，因为他们看到一本旧的步行指南。Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthe sights,soundsandsensations.下次你散步，不管走到哪，都要记住所见、所听和所感。Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirst sight ofsomethingshinyandnew.我们有可能会认为我们都有这样的习惯，一见到光鲜亮丽的东西就摒弃陈旧的工艺。Shedidreachthestationjustasthetraincameinto sight.就在火车刚一露头时候她真得到达了车站。（可以望见）CommentIfthereistrulyaconcernaboutaprofessor'sprofessionalismorability,besuretouseonlinecourseevaluationstocalmlyofferyour comments.如果真对教授的专业或能力有所顾虑的话，一定要使在线课程评估，冷静的提出自己的看法。Theprofessordoesn'trememberthe comments heorshewroteonyourindividualpieceofwork,thoughheorshewillbeabletorecallthemafterjustabriefglanceatyourwork.尽管教授浏览一眼你的作业后能够回想起他曾经的批语，但是他或她记不住每个人作业上的批注。第二部分：短语travelplan旅行规划preparefor为什么做准备第89页共219页,makeareservationfor预订applyforavisa申请护照bookaticket订票rentacar租车catcheveryword听懂每句话thecomingholiday即将要来的假日focuson关注，聚焦keywords关键词语getaround随意走走onfoot步行themodelfor什么的典范atraveldestination旅行目的地bewrongabout在…方面出错误，误解thesourceofinformation信息源takeyouonapath引领某人到…onthewayto在去…的路上bemadeof由什么构成liveonsomethingbydoing通过做什么谋生。contectsomebodyat----以…联系某人basedon基于businessclass商务舱（二等舱）bycreditcard使用信用卡preferredtime心仪的时间finalthoughts最终想法areplyto对…的回应inthelastfewdays在最后几天里sofar到目前为止cablecar缆车designatravelbrochure设计旅行指南beinterestedin对什么感兴趣attendauniversity上大学bepopularwith受欢迎第89页共219页,belostto沉浸于bebadfor对…有害recommendsomethingforsomebody向某人推荐什么第三部分：句子1.BelowaretwotextsaboutPeru.EspeciallyamazingistheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.以上两个句子是典型的倒装句，为了避免头重脚轻，平衡句子的结构。常见的此类倒装有三种：1).某些副词(now,then,here,there,down,up,out,away,off,in等)和表示运动趋向的动词(go,come,fly,run,lie,stand等)连用放句首，句子倒装。①Johnopenedthedoor.Therestoodagirlhehadneverseenbefore.②Foramomentnothinghappened.Thencamevoicesallshoutingtogether.③Whattodo?Herearefourcommonemailaccidents,andhowtorecover.④Outcomesa“Soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.⑤Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.2).Therebe结构去掉there，把状语前置，句子倒装。①Atthefootofthemountainliesavillage.②Haningonmybedroomwallisapictureofmybabydaughter.③Atthebaseisarainforest.…Above4,000metersisthehighlanddesert:gravel（砾石）,stonesandrocks.3).If引导的虚拟语气，去掉if，形成倒装。第89页共219页,①Weresheaman,shewouldbeelectedaspresident.②Hadn’tIseenitwithmyowneyes,Iwouldnothavebelievedit.③_______notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.(Wereit)1.Fromthere,youwillspendonedaytravellingbyboattoyouraccommodation.※在我们的印象中，介词后面都是加名词、代词、动名词的，但是介词后面也可以加形容词或者副词。※1).Itissopleasanttolookformsohigh.从那么高的地方往下看真过瘾。2).Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.结果还不是很明了。3).Inanotherexperimentaimedattestinglong-termmemory,studentstooknotesasbefore.在另一个检测长久记忆的试验里，学生像以前一样记笔记。4).Theygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotasimportant.他们卷入了一些不重要的事情里。5).Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.人们都认为搬弄是非的人是没有什么害处的，但是残酷的谎言有时也会造成伤害。6).Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.不像粉刷墙壁那么累，也不像买色彩斑斓的沙发那么贵，选择小颜色点缀会给他们带来易换的巨大利益。2.TheIncasbuiltwonderfulcitiesfullofamazingarchitecture.第89页共219页,形容词除了做前置定语外，还可以用相关的短语做后置定语，比如：Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.不再是学生了？到政府的网站上了解各种活动和在线工具，能够助30岁以下的你全年学技术、找工作或是自行创业。1.Tome,thestoryoftheArmyisalmostunbelievable.“Tosomebody”表示“对于…来说”。※如果是客观的，用介词for；如果是主观的，比较局限的，用介词to,还可以在前面加as※1).TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.对于那些习惯了只选择市场上诸如GoldenDeliciousandRoyalGala苹果的人来说，到这个苹果节会大开眼界地看到像Decio这种罗马人培育的古老品种依然还在。2).AsfortheUSA,itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010—2030.至于说到美国，它在所有发达国家中几乎是独一无二的因为预计在2010—2030年之间它的人口会增长20%。3).Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.现在现实问题来了，那就是荒野能否被无害开发。4).ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.对希尔来讲，当讨论时装时要是不把中国看成是顶级参与者来说是不可能的。2.Iwillseeyouinafewdays.第89页共219页,※※本句要关注的是典型的时间状语对时态的约束。看下面的练习。※※1).Overtheyears,there__(be)anumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.(havebeen)2).Cornproduction_____(jump)nearly125percent over the past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(hasjumped)3).Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudents_______(study)waystokillbacteriainzerogravity.(havebeenstudying)4).IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI(make)overtheyears.(havemade)5).Itissaidthatyourcompany_____(invest)inthatprojectintheyearsahead,right?(willinvest)6).Inthecomingmonths,we______(bring)togetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingShakespeare’splaysintheirownlanguage.(arebringing)1.Makeyourbrochureasattractiveaspossilbe.对于本句，我们要关注的是宾补和缩略结构的使用。1).大碗盘子会很容易让我们变胖。翻译Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.2).Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabriefexplaining.尽可能快的写一份电子邮件并把它寄出，附带简单解释。第89页共219页,3).Inthatcase,asktospeakinpersonassoonaspossibleandsaysorry.要那样的话，尽可能快的请求面对面说道歉。4).Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteractionwithitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.一组被要求寻机与服务员互动，而另一组则只在必要的时候才说话。5).Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.在制定计划是必须把这些要点记住。※※对于下面的两个句子，要理解含义，参考翻译如下※※1.Incabuilderscutstonestoexactsizessothatnothingwasneededtoholdwallstogetherotherthantheperfectfitofthestones.印加人把石头切割的如此的精准以至于墙体不用任何粘接物只需要石头互相咬合就足以牢固。2.Otherthanthat,Iamnotsurewheretogo.另外，我也不确定我该去哪。Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?除此以外，你怎样才能保持你有激情的去实现目标。第四部分：语法1.Futuretenseè将来时的用法。(所有表示“将来”含义的例句列举)1).祈使句(+and/or/otherwise/orelse)Getoutofmyway!第89页共219页,Inanyunsafesituation,simply___thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.（press）2).情态动词(oughtto,should,haveto,may,can,must,shall,will)Youmustn’tputthegasholdernearafire.3).BegoingtodoIamgoingtotidymyroomontheweekend.4).BedoingIamflyingtoJapantonight.5).BetodoYouaretohandinyourhomeworkby5pm.6).Be(just)abouttodoIwasjustabouttogiveupwhenaidscame.7).一般现在时Thereisanexamthismonth.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026takesoffat18:20.8).状语从句(if,when,unless,until,assoonas,once,thetime等)+将来时Ifourmarketplansucceeds,wewillincreasethesaleby30percentnextyear.2.doing的语法功能在本单元，出现了大量的ing结构，在这里，我们分析一下这些ing结构的语法功能。第89页共219页,1).NotknowingwhereIamgoingiswhatinspiresmetotravelit.-----做主语考题再现：①Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.②Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.③“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”2).Afterreachingyourdestination,youwilhaveadaytoexplore.-----做介词宾语考题再现：①Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.3).HowtheIncaslivedwithoutshopping.----做介词宾语Iamlookingforwardtoseeingthecolourfullakes.----做介词宾语①Apartfrombeingamagicalplace,MachuPicchualsobringsalogofmoneytoPeru.-----做介词宾语②Youshouldfocusongettingthemainidea.-----做介词宾语考题再现：①ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.②Sheencouragedasenseofcommunitybycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.第89页共219页,③Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel (建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.④You may drink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof  63   (die)earlybyrunning.（dying）⑤Whilerunning regularly can’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglife   65   walking,cyclingorswimming.（than）⑥Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.⑦Cities,usuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver. ⑧Modemmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.(of)⑨A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.(being)⑩ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.4).ThisisPaul,callingfromtheOldTownofLijiang.---做伴随状语①Ifyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible（符合条件）forthisprogram.②Soimaginemy delight whenheemailedmesayinghewantedtocometovisitme.第89页共219页,③Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.④Whenwegotacall68（say）shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.(saying)5).Youcanthenspend3daysexploringtherainforestandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsuniquretotherainforest.--------宾补考题再现：①Don’twasteyourtimetryingtofindoutifthereceivershasreadityet.6).Peruisacountrywiththreemainareas:narrow,dry,flatlandrunningalongthecoast,theAndesMountainsandtheAmazonrainforest.-----后置定语考题再现：①Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel (建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.②Stonehengeisoneoftheworld’smostfamousprehistoricmonumentsdatingbackover5,000years.7).Eachstatuehasadifferentface,leadingresearcherstobelievethateachoneisacopyofarealsoldier.----结果状语考题再现：①Itsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofselling第89页共219页,theflyingcarwithinthenextyear.②Ifyouexerciseoutofdoor,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles（肌肉）andyourbrain.8).IamalsopleasedItookgoodwalkingshoes.----做定语考题再现：①Getthetechnologythathasproventohelpthemostdemandingcustomers.②Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.③Youngmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.④O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.9).Itisamazingthattherearemorethan8000statues.----做表语考题再现：①NowmillionsofpeoplearesavingontheirheatingbillswiththeEPportableheater.(从形式上看)10).做动词宾语考题再现：①Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?②Toavoidmissingthelasttrain,pleasecheckthelasttraintimespostedinstations.3.强调句型。第89页共219页,1).ItisforthisreasonthatSpanishisthemainofficiallanguageofPeru.①“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”sayDunn.è“It’snottalkingtothewaiterthatisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”sayDunn.② Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse_____wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.(that)2).Do的形式①Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.②Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.[新教材]人教版（2019）高一英语必修第一册Unit3语法知识点详解学案第一部分：词汇1.英汉对译单词（红色是课本黑体单词）第89页共219页legendglorychampionshipdeterminationinjureinjuredgracefulpush-upsoccerstadium第89页共219页,boxingbadmintonmarathonskigymegymnasticstracktrackandfieldcaptainslimjogmedalnowandthenchampioncutout第89页共219页1.课本词汇(在课本中出现，有必要掌握的词汇)第89页共219页posterinternationalappropriateorganisationfeatureenjoyablerelaxentrypunctuationvaluablesculpterosionopportunityadventurousspectacularoffer第89页共219页2.变形词汇：fitnessèfitèunfitapartèpart,shore,top,board,strengthèstrongèstrengthèstrengthenathleteèathleticstressèstressfulinjuryèinjureèinjuredcompeteècompetitionècompetitiveècompetitorècompetenceècompetentfailureèfailçèsucceedèsuccessèsuccessorèsuccessfulèsuccessfully3.列举掌握comealong1).Comealong orwe'llmissthetrain.快点，否则我们会误火车。2).Comealong withme.I'mgoingthatway,too.跟我一起走吧，我们同路。sweat1).名词，汗水Earnyourbreadwithyour sweat.通过劳动赚钱。2).动词，出汗，努力Iwokeup sweating andnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.我醒来时，大汗淋漓，焦虑不安，但是我准备好要证明给自己。第89页共219页,setanexample1).Shearrivedattheofficeearlyto setanexample totheothers.她早早的来到办公室为的是给他人做表帅。Honour1).名词inhonourofAbanquetwasgiven inhonorof thedistinguishedguests.宴会是为了向来宾致敬而举行的。Soitwasagreat honour tobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitpandabase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.因此被邀请到这个非营利性的熊猫基地内部是一种巨大的荣幸，在这里所有的门票收入都用于研究。2).动词behonouredasHewashonouredasthebestactressoftheyear.她当年获得了最佳女演员的称号。Million1).Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2 million yearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.但是人类享受这种优越性已经有200万年了，在此期间人类仍就是羸弱的、边缘性的生物。2).Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworth millions ofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids'teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.到她13岁的时候，通过投资超甜而不伤害儿童牙齿的甜品，她的公司已价值百万美元。Companiesspend millions hiringtopbusinesspeople.企业花费巨资来雇佣顶级的商业人才。ErrorIndeed,theymadeonlyhalfasmany errors asthosewearingtheirownclothesontheStrooptest,onewayofmeasuringattention.实际上，在Stroop测试中，他们犯得错误是穿自己衣服的人所犯错误的一半，Stroop测试是一种测试人注意力的检测方式。Master1).名词，主人略2).动词，掌握Ihavelearnedmanylanguages,butI’venot mastered themthewaytheprofessionalinterpreteror第89页共219页,translatorhas.我已经学过了好多语言，但是我还没掌握到到专业的翻译人员所到达的程度。Positive1).Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salso positive aboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Moore对她研制的糖果很热衷并且对于它的未来也很乐观。2).Positive thinkingandactionresultinsuccess.积极的思维和行动可以导致成功。3).Whateverstageoflifeyou'reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you'llcreate positive changesinapoorandremotecommunity.不管你的人生处于何种境遇，无论你身处何地，以及不管你在GDA做什么项目，你都可以在贫穷偏远的地方给自己创设出积极的改变。Diet1).Diets havechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.在中国饮食已经发生变化---这也导致它的主导性粮食也发生了变化。2).Haveyoubeen on(a)diet?You'velostalotofweight.你是不是减肥了？你瘦了好多。Audience1).Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamass audience.另外，大多数的报纸几乎不会报导博得大众眼球的内容。2).It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattracted audiences fromallwalksoflife.某种程度上狄更斯的写作方式也确实吸引着来自社会各个阶层的读者。3).TheJazz audience continuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.爵士乐的爱好者继续减少变老，而爵士乐也没能接续新一代的年轻人。4).Theconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestonenight audience inthehistoryoftelevisionuptothattime.这场音乐会通过现场直播，在当时创下一夜之间吸引最多电视观众的记录。loseheart同样的短语：losecontrol,losebalance,losehope,loseface,losetouch,losefaith一般情况下不加one’s。第89页共219页,evenif/though1).Even though thereisacommonspiritamongallmusicgroups,theymakeverydifferentmusic.尽管不同的乐团都有它们共存的精神，他们还是创作出了极其不同的音乐。2).Musicwashistruepassion, though hehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.尽管他从未在外演出过，音乐却是他的酷爱。3).Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive, though.不过，目前，这些技术还是比较昂贵的。1.重点掌握词汇makesense在这个短语中，我们要重点看一下sense这个单词以及它的相关短语。1).Ina sense,forgettingisourbrain'swayofsortingmemories,sothemostrelevantmemoriesarereadyforretrieval.在某种程度上说，遗忘是我们大脑对记忆进行分类的一种方式，因此最相关的记忆都备好供检索。2).Theysuggestthisindicatesthatdogsaren’t sensing emotionsfromasinglefeature,butpiecingtogetherinformationfromallfacialfeaturesjustashumansdo.他们说这表明狗不是从单单从某一特征感知情感，而是能像人类一样把各种面目表情拼接在一起的。3).Somelawsmake sense.有一些法律还是有用的。4).Becauseofallthisextratime,therewasno sense ofurgencytodomyschoolworkimmediately.因为这些额外的时间，我就没有马上要做作业的急迫感。5).Hisstrangehabitmakes sense whenyouconsiderthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.当你想到他是一个环保科学家，是研究如何减少乱扔乱放，包括在运输中从垃圾桶中掉落的东西，那他奇怪的习惯就说得过去了。6).Inthat sense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketoadmit.从那种意义来讲，尽管我不是乐意坦言承认，但我敢肯定地说志愿行为更是一种利己的行为。7).SuddenlyI sensed amanstandingbehindme.突然，我感到有人正站在我身后。Event1).EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannual event aimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.地球日，定语4月22日，是一年一度的活动，旨在提升公众的环保意识。第89页共219页,2).Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsand events longpast.历史学可不仅仅就是研究裹满泥土的文物或是发年代生久远的历史事件的。Host1).Our hosts sharedmanyoftheirexperiencesandrecommendedwonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.我们的东道主跟我们分享了好多他们的经历，并且向我们推荐了一些吃饭、购物、参观都非常棒的地方。2).Otherssayit'sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheir host nation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.其他人说新移民学习他们东道国的语言是很正常的，因为把语言学习看做是能对当地社会做贡献的一个条件。3).Firstonheragendawastopursueherdreamof hosting apopmusicprogramme.他日程表上第一件事就是实现自己主持一档流行音乐的节目梦想。4).Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,or hosting aneventisnotanofficialact.只是安排会议、打个电话或是举办某项活动不是官方的行为。5).Hewasagentle,sensitive,lovablemanwhowillbemissedbya host offriends.他是一个温和、体贴而且可爱的人，许多朋友都会想念他的。6).Marywasalwaystheperfect hostess.玛丽总是最殷勤的女主人。7).A hostess stoodatthetopofthestepsandbobbedherheadateachpassenger.一位空姐站在最高的阶梯上向每位旅客点头致意。workout1).Whatifthisdoesn't workout?如果这个不管用该怎么办？2).She workedout theproblemwithnodifficulty.她轻易地就解决了那个问题。3).Theagendasforthenexttwomeetingshaveyettobe workedout.下两次的会议日程还没有制定出来。4).Theseathletes workout atthegymfortwohourseveryday.这些运动员每天在这个体育馆锻炼2个小时。5).Icould workout thatproblemstandingonmyhead.我可以轻而易举地解决那个问题。makeit1).WhenGryllsheardaboutNicholas’amazingdeeds,hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.当Grylls听说Nicholas惊人的事迹后，他非常惊叹Nicholas居然所做的一切，因为他比任何人都更清楚Nicholas得多艰难的拼搏才能活下来。2).Itwasarealraceagainsttimetogettheprojectdone.Luckily,wemadeit.第89页共219页,把这个任务完成简直就是在跟时间赛跑。所幸，我们做到了。apart1).Whiletoomanycouplesgrow apart,weweregrowingtogether.好多夫妇都劳燕分飞，而我们却一直在一起。2).Shecouldn'twaittotearthenewspaper apart.她急不可待的把报纸撕碎。3).Historygivesartworksspecialappealtosetthem apart.历史赋予艺术品特殊的魅力使它们与众不同。4).Achimpanzeecan'twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcanteartheman apart likearagdoll.一只猩猩不能赢得与现代人的争吵，但是他却能像撕布娃娃一样撕碎一个人。5).Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfalling apart –kindofslippingintoadepression,"saidCarla.Carla说“我开始感觉整个世界都在崩塌---有点要变成世界末日的感觉。”6).Apart fromservingthecustomers,you'llalsodothewindowdressing.除了照顾客人，你还要负责门面装饰。giveup1).Hehadabadaccidenttwoyearsagoandhadto giveup farming.他两年前出了严重的意外而不得不放弃务农。2).Whenfacedwithadversityshewasnevertemptedto giveup.面对逆境，她从不放弃。3).Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain.我对能再次找到戒指感到绝望。4).Manypeoplestartlearningalanguageandsoongiveup.很多人都是开始学习某一种语言然后又很快又放弃。5).HerfatherPeter44,wantedhertogiveupschooltomodelfulltime.她父亲Peter44岁，想让她辍学而完全从事模特行业。6).Monstersmayappearorthenightwillfall.Butneverevergiveuponyourdream!恶魔或者是黑夜有可能来临。但是永远不要放弃你的梦想。第89页共219页,7).OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.1955年12月1日，在阿拉巴马的蒙哥马利，RosaParks不乐意把她的公交车座位让给一位乘客。Pretend1).SoIcarriedaroundabook,andeachnight,justtobelikeher,Iwould pretend tobereading.因此我也拿本书，每天晚上，就像她那样，我会假装地阅读。2).Youcan pretend thatyoudon'tlikethingswhichyouareactuallyquitepleasedabout.你能装着对你非常在乎的东西蛮不喜欢。3).Shewouldopenabook,pretendingtoread,withtearsdroppingontheopenpage.她会打开一本书，假装在阅读，而泪水打在敞开的书页上。makeadifference1).Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga difference intheworld.Hannah是好多正为社会做出巨大贡献的年轻的典范之一。2).Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakea difference.从那时起，很多科学家都认为我的行为肯定是意义非凡。3).TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenoreal difference inhowtheboysturnedout.研究者也发现智力、家庭阶层和经济背景对男孩子最终如何没有真正的影响。4).Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggest difference whenyou'reolder.你有可能有机会在你更年长的时候有最大的突破性成就。5).The differences betweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.强与若的区别与食物链有关。6).Beforebirth,babiescantellthe difference betweenloudsoundsandvoices.在出生之前，婴儿就能辨别出响亮的声音与人声。Rather1).Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachother rather thanreportingupwards.他们也正在把更多的时间花在合作工作上而不是向上级汇报。2).It's rather remarkableforthefactthatalthoughit'sextremelybig,it'ssupportedbyjustsix rather slimlegs.第89页共219页,一个了不起的事实是尽管它个头很大，可是它却只靠非常细的六条腿来支持。3).Butunfortunately,theparentsarewrongedbecausethey'renormalinshape,orratherslim.但是幸运的是，父母们都被误导了，因为他们身材正常，或更确切地说是苗条。comparewith/to1).Children's comparing themselvestoothersonlinemayleadtolowerself-identityandconfidence.孩子们在网上与他人相比会导致他们对自我的贬低降低自信心。2).Vaillant'steamobtainedtheirfindingsby comparing differentsetsofscores.Vaillant队通过对比不同场次的比分有所发现。3).Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrains compared withotheranimals.人类独有的第一特点就是与其他动物相比人类拥有超级大的大脑。4).Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA, compared with189foralloflastyear.与去年总计的189起相比，今年在美国已经有115例囊虫病例报告。第二部分：短语athomeandabroad国内外befilledwith由什么填充takepartin参与collectmoney集资，募捐钱loseweight减肥usedto过去常常it’suptoyou由你说了算atleast至少livinglegend活着的传奇fallapart三开，崩塌inlife在生活中bytheway顺便说一下agreewith同意、适合competefor竞争fairplay公平竞争awellnessbook健康小册子makealistof列举inthepast在过去exchangeideas交换看法makeexercise做运动dealwith应对，处理seethrough看穿，看透payagainst对抗saynoto拒绝headto前往makeasurveyon对什么做调查第89页共219页,fitone’sinerestsorneeds满足某人的兴趣或需求doasurvey做调查one-on-one一对一setup建立eightoutof1515分之8haveagoat对什么进行尝试incommonwith与什么有共性playaroleof起作用第三部分：句子1.Inviteafriendtoasportsevent.Invitesomebodytosomeplace或invitesomebodytodosomething是两个比较常用的短语，所以对于invite来讲，必须要掌握，但是invite接地点或场合的时候，也可以因情况而定。例如1).ButbeforeIgo,I'dliketo invite yououtfordinner.2).Helloeveryone!I'mveryhappytobe invited tothisprogramtoday.3).Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC, invited peopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.再者我们要关注的就是，invite作为动词来讲，它的翻译是很灵活的。比如：1).Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewere invited toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmonthenorthshoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.2).Peopletendtotakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshand inviting.3).Second,ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscould invite trouble.2.Sweatyourwaytogoodhealth.本句的要点在于灵活翻译“熟词生义”。本句可以译成“通过锻炼达到健康”。Voiceyouropiniononsportsmanship.本句的voice也是名词动用，可以译为“说出你对运动精神的看法”。Ialmostwentbananas,too.本句中出现了一个成语----gobananas表示发疯。我几乎也要发疯了。翻译有文化背景知识最好，但是如果没有相关的文化背景支持，我们只能通过上下文，对其进行“猜测”。1).Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.(2020年全国1卷阅读B)第89页共219页,参考译文：反复阅读的美在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们自己当前思维的流露。诚然，我变得越老，就越感觉到时间的流逝。可对于阅读来说，一切都是进行中的。阅读是一个行进的过程也是每个人对现实的一种思考过程，因为阅读是作者与读者之间的给与与汲取的过程。作者和读者个人有个人的角色。Pullone’sownweight是个成语。表示通力合作，在拔河中每个人都要用上自己的一份力量。2).AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.另外一本是AnnieDillard的Holythefirm,她1975关于要事与琐事的散文诗随笔。3).Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.最好的书是那些随着时间的推移更能诱人深思的书籍。4).Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.（2020年全国1卷C阅读）竞走选手都是训练有素的运动员。（condition做动词用可以表示“用条件限制”的意思。）5).However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.然而Norberg博士说，竞走却不想跑步那样对地面有很大的冲击力。1.Thishelpsyoutorelatewhatyoureadtowhatyoualreadyknow.在这个结构中，我们要关注relateAtoB的用法。一般做非谓语，用relatedto比较多，但也有用relatingto的时候。1).Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictis related toElnino'sharmfuleffects.根据2011年由Hsiang和他的合著者们所发表的一篇论文，国内冲突和厄尔尼诺的负面影响有关。2).Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:notonlyislikability related topositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.Prinstein得出另一个结论：好人缘不与积极人生的结果有关，也是积极人生后果产生的主要原因。3).Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on-the-streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestions relating toit.当你的老板或导师让你做街头采访，要考虑一下中心话题并列出10条与之相关的问题。2.WhenMichaelJordan’sfeetlefttheground,timeseemedtostandstill.1).副词，依然，依旧Today,people still comeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.Traditionaltechnology still hasaplacenowadays.第89页共219页,2).名词，蒸馏器Toconstructaworking still,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.3).副词，不过，可是Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.4).副词，表示程度，修饰比较级，更如何Better still,let'smeetintheRedLionBartohaveanicelittletalk.5).形容词，静止不动的。Petermcnaught,operationsdirectoratLondonunderground,said:"Itmaynotseemrightthatyoucangoquickerbystanding still,butourexperimentsatholbornhaveprovedthatitcanbetrue."Theytoldhertostay still untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,butshethoughtthecarwasgoingtoexplode.6).动词，平静，不出声Astheviolinistpreparedtoplay,theaudience stilled.当小提琴手准备要演奏的时候，全场的观众都安静下来。1.Thesecrettohissuccessislearningfromhisfailures.在英语中，有些表达和什么有关的时候，会用到介词to，常见的词汇如：way,road,door,key,answer,solution,approach,access,bridge,devotion,contribution等。Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegiven access tothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Peoplehavebetter access tohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey'relivinglongerasaresult.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthe solutions toproblemofrobocalls?China's approach toprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeedingitscitizensoffersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide.2.Whatcanyoudotobecomemoreconfidentandfeelbetteraboutyourself?1).Beconfidenttodosomething.Someofuswere confident andeagertotakepartintheclassactivity,otherswerenervousandanxious.2).Beconfidentin/about/with/ofsomething.Nonetheless,thedevelopersoftheChinatowngarageare confident withthetechnology.因此，唐人街车库的研发人员对他们的技术很有信心。第89页共219页,Iftherehastobeareplayweare confident ofvictory.如果再有比赛，我们确信能赢。Managementis confident aboutthewaybusinessisprogressing.管理层对业务发展很有信心。Iam confident inhim.我对你有信心。还原课文原文：1.______aplayer,Langbroughthonourandglorytohercountry.（As）2.Her________(determine)wastested.(determination)3.________Istartedthinkingaboutfitnessratherthanweight,thingsbegantochange.（Once）4.Istopped______(compare)myselfwithactressesandmodelsandlookingforthingsthatwereworng____myfaceorbody.(comparing/with)第四部分：语法5.Ihavenoideaalettercouldmakesuchadifference.名词性从句：出现在主语、宾语、表语位置，或在这三个部位起补充说明这三个成分名词的句子。主语从句Whatyoudidsurpisedme.你所做的让我吃惊。Itismyideathatwemeetattheschoolgate.我的想法是我们再学校门口集合。主语同位语Wordcamethattheyhadputoutthefire.消息传来他们已经把火灾扑灭了。宾语从句Ididn’texpectwhatyouhaddone.我本没预料到你所做的事情。Don’ttakeitforgrantedthatyourparentsshouldgiveyoumoney.不要把父母应该给你钱认为是理所当然的。宾语同位语Hedeliveredaquestionhowtheycouldgetofftheisland.他说了以问题，那就是他们怎么离岛。表语从句Theproblemishowwecanbringallthetouriststogetherin20minutes.问题是我们如何在20分钟内把所有的游客都集中在一起。6.Bybeingpositiveaboutmyselfandmybody,Ibecamebothhappierandhealthier.Being作为动词使用出现的情况：1)译为“作为”，做原因状语。Beingtheonlydoctoratthescence,Ithoughtitmydutytohelptheinjured.2)译为“作为，是”做主语。Beingadoctorforcedhimtolendahand.3)被动结构做主语。第89页共219页,Beinginformedofthebadnewsevendidn’tdisturbhim.Being agoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsideratebehavior.1)在介词之后出现。Idreamedoftherebeingaswimmingpoolinthehotel.A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"womanoftheyear"for being Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyond being physicallyfit.2)放在动词后做宾语。Thebirdwasluckytoescapebeingshot.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoy being outdoorsandclosetoplants.Toavoid being caught,theWinnshadtogettheirtentuplate.3)用作定语，表进行Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurttheperson being talkedabout.4)用在被动语态，表进行Anditisnotjustrobinsthatare being keptawakebyartificiallight.5)宾补Hestoodbythepiano,eyesclosed,listeningforthefirsttimetohisownwork being playedbysomeoneelse.1.Youwillbecomingfromhome,won’tyou?表示按照一定的逻辑推理，预计将来会发生的事情，用将来进行时。If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you willbeeatingfresh watermelon in the fall．Ifyoucallhimatsixtomorrowmorning,hewillbesleeping.在问句中这种表达方式也是一种委婉的表述，willdo表示即将发生或带有一个人的一种意愿，所有用“willdo”问显得有点询问个人隐私的嫌疑。---Howwillyoubepayingforthecheck-in?您怎样支付？---bycheck.用支票吧。---Andhowlongwillyoubestaying?你要住多久？---Justonenight.就一晚上。考文再现：第89页共219页,1).DraytonisoptimisticthatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious,practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebyhangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.2).Thesetechniquesallowyoutoquicklyorganizeyourthoughtsaswellastomakesureyouwillbecorrectlyansweringthequestion.3).Ifeelsoexcited!AtthistimetomorrowmorningIwillbeflyingtoShanghai.4).Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie (卡路里) burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.[新教材]人教版（2019）高一英语必修第一册Unit4语法知识点详解学案第一部分：单词1.英汉对译第89页共219页tornadodrogughlandslidelandfalltsunamimagnitudeevacuatehelicoptercrackbrickmetalpercentreviverevivalunifycontexttyphoonhurricanetappipewhistlefirstaidkitEcuadorMemphisAlbertaColomboSriLankaIndonesiaThailandSumatraChandraTheeravit第89页共219页1.会变词形disasterèdisastrousvolcanoèvolcaniceruptèeruptionelectricityèelectricèelectricalèlelectricizeèelectronicèelectronicsèelectronicallywisdomèwiseemergencyèemergentsummaryèsummarizeèsum第89页共219页,1.课本所见第89页共219页reductionsummaryflood-hitareashelterkeendeadlyuselessrelativemonitorseniorreleasetiphookdestructionminimisetoctonicsectioncompletely第89页共219页1).Lifeinasmalltowncouldbe deadly dull.小镇的生活有时会相当无聊。2).TheSudanversionwas deadly enough,killing50%ofthoseitinfected.苏丹版的病毒更加致命,致使50%的感染者死亡。3).Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthe hook foranotherseason.趁着其他父母对下一个赛季欣慰放松之时，教练能够集中精力训练孩子们。4).IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegel'sbooksincollegeandwas hooked onhispositivityfromthatmomenton.在大学我被要求去阅读BernieSiegel的一部作品而自那以后被他积极的态度所着迷。5).Seeingashowwegotonsowelltogether,itjustseemednaturalthatweshould hookup.看我们相处的那么好，就好像我们天生就该搭档在一起。6).FishandWildlifeServicecarefully monitors andmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.渔业和野生动物管理局密切监视并控制着黄石公园里的狼群。2.列举掌握slide1).Sixvolunteers slid downthecliffwiththehelpofaropebutgaveupallhopeoffindingheraliveaftera90-minutesearch.(从悬崖滑下)2).Documentary:avisualpresentationsuchasavideo,slide show,orcomputerprojectnomorethan10minuteslong.第219页共219页,(幻灯展示)flood1).Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobe flooded withobjects.成年人能够理解到处东西是什么感觉。2).Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewoman flooded himwithquestions:"Whoareyou?Whatantiqueshop?" 被人连珠炮般的问道3).Donationsbegan flooding infromhundredsofpeople.（涌入）4).Theprojectconnects flooded roadsandhighways.（被洪水冲毁的道路）rescue1). IwasthefirstwesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandas rescued fromstarvationinthewild.以免饿死从野外营救的大熊猫。2).Igota rescue callfromawomaninmuttontown.求救电话aid1).Intonight'sfasterspecial,theycometothe aid ofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.帮助（动词短语）2).Holkeronceagainopensitsgardensin aid ofthedisadvantaged.帮助（介词短语）death1).Butpronouncingthe death ofclassistooearly.但是宣布阶级的消亡还为时过早。2). Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearly deaths fromallcauses.第219页共219页,每天只要5—10分钟的跑步可以降低因心脏病和其他所有诱因导致的早死。asif1).It'salmostasifhowlingtogetherhelpsthepackstaytogether.好像一起嚎叫好像可以帮助狼群保持联系。2).Itseemedasifeveryonebutmehadmadefriendsandwashavingfun.看起来好像除了我每个人都有朋友并玩得都很开心。3).Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.当脂肪和盐被从食物中除掉后，食物尝起来好像缺失了什么东西。breathe1).Iftheairyou're breathing isclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.及物动词，呼吸空气。2).Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearnto breathe moredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain.不及物动词，呼吸。3).Ibecameoutof breath andtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.名词短语，气喘吁吁，上气不接下气。4).Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramicviewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmy breath.名词短语，喘口气power1).Psychologicalresearchshowsweconsistentlyunderestimateourmental powers.思维能力2).Morewind power stationswillspringuptomeetthedemandforcleanenergy.电厂3).Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthe power tomakeorbreaka第219页共219页,person'sworld.有能力做什么4).Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemost powerful animalonearth.强壮的,强有力的survive1).It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwayto survive.动词，生存2).Shecoughedandchokedandcouldhardly survive herfirstfewweeks.及物动词，熬过头几个礼拜。3).Determiningwhereweareinrelationtooursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforour survival.对我们的生存来说crash1).Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformin crashes wherelivesmightbelost.名词，撞击，冲撞，装车2).He crashed intoacarparkedthere.动词，撞上，冲入3).InJuly,asistercraftofthe crashed spaceplanewasreportedtobeabouthalf-finished.形容词，失事飞船sweep1).Wintryweathercontinuesto sweep acrossBritain.寒冷的天气继续席卷整个英国。2).Intimesofwar,governmentsoften sweep humanrightsaside.战争时期，政府经常对人权置之不顾。3).Didyou sweep upallthebrokenglass?第219页共219页,你有没有把碎玻璃都扫掉?4).Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot swept intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden.被扫进5).Thebeautiful sweeping coastlinewascloakedinmist.美丽的海岸线一望无际，笼罩在迷雾之中。wave1).AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywife waving asign.动词，招手示意，晃动2).It'spartlythathiswritingsrodea wave ofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.名词，社会潮流，大趋势3).Littlekidsandtheelderlyaretheoneswhohavesufferedthemostfromthisextremeheat wave.热浪effectèaffectèaffection1).Favorablepoliciesarein effect toencourageemployees'professionaldevelopment.实际上2).Thechangesinourpopulationwillhavelasting effects onoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.对什么有···影响3).Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallstoavoidrobots' affecting theworld.动词，影响4).Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent's affection whenherchildgrowsupandleaves.名词，喜爱length1).Atlength theycamewithinsightofthecastle.他们终于看见城堡了.2).Themovieisnearlytwohours inlength.这个电影几乎有2小时长。第219页共219页,1.重点掌握damage