高一英语阅读理解专讲专练10

高一英语阅读理解专讲专练含答案及解析十推理推理是在理解文章表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义的方法。有时作者并未把意图说出来，我们可根据字面意思，通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示，来推敲作者的态度，进行深层理解。推理是一种创造性的思维活动。由于推理是在已知的基础上来推断未知的，因此我们必须忠实于原文，要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据来进行推理和判断，不能凭空想象，随意揣测，把自己的臆断强加给作者。正确推理包括这几个方面：①弄清作者的意图，以及写作的缘由。②分析材料所提供的信息。③注意字、词的原意及引申含意。④根据句子的含意推断作者的言外之意。总之，只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。PassageA阅读理解Millionsofyearsagothereweremanytypesofdinosaursonearth.Mostdinosaurswereplanteaters.TheApatosaurus,forexample,hadalongthinnecksothatitcouldeatleavesfromtrees.Otherdinosaursweremeateaters.TheTyrannosaurusRexkilledsmallerdinosaursforfood.Dinosaurswererealanimalsthatoncelivedontheearth,buttheydiedoutabout65millionyearsago.Thedisappearanceofthedinosaursisinsomewayagreatmystery(谜).①Somescientiststhinkthattheclimate(气候)changedsuddenly.Fossils(化石)oftreestellusthatthetemperaturedroppedalotandthattheleveloftheseadroppedaswell.②Thismeansthatitgotsuddenlymuchcolder.Perhapsthedinosaursweretooslowtochangewiththeclimate.11/11Anewideaisthatameteor(流星)crashedintotheearth.ScientistsdiscoveredaplaceinMexicowheretheythinkthemeteorcrashed.Theythinkthattherewasalotofdustfromthemeteor.Thedustlandedontheplants.Alsothedustblocked(阻挡)thesun'slightforaslongasfiveyears.Manyanimals,includingdinosaurs,wereplanteaters,andperhapsthedustkilledthem.Thismeanstherewasnothingleftformeateatingdinosaurstoeat,andsotheydiedout.But,asmanyanimalsfromthattimedidntdie,wearenot100%surewhatreallyhappened.根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?A.Dinosaurs,therealanimalslivingmillionsofyearsago.B.Thetwotypesofdinosaurs.C.Theprobablereasonsfordinosaursdisappearance.D.Ameteorcrashedintotheearth.2.Whatarethetwopossibleexplanationstothedinosaursdisappearance?A.Temperaturedroppingandsealeveldropping.B.Climatechangingandmeteor'scrashing.C.Thedroppingoftemperatureandsealevel.D.Climatechangingandthedustblockingthesun.3.Whatisthedirectcauseofthedisappearanceofmeateatingdinosaurs?A.Ameteor'scrashing.B.Thedustblockingthesun.C.Theplanteatingdinosaursdeath.D.Itisstillunknown.难句注释①Thedisappearanceofthedinosaursisinsomewayagreatmystery.恐龙的消失在某种程度上说还是个谜。11/11Totalwords:233Readingtime:____Readingspeed:____②Fossilsoftreestellusthatthetemperaturedroppedalotandthattheleveloftheseadroppedaswell.树木的化石告诉我们气温大大地降低了,海平面也降低了。PassageB阅读理解Theelephantisthebiggestfourleggedanimalintheworld.Itisalso,perhaps,thegentlest(温顺的),butnotalways!Elephantsarelikeusinsomeways.Theyliveforalongtime―fiftyorsixtyyears.Theycanrememberthingsverywell.Theyneverforgetgreatsadnessorgreathappiness.Ifafemale(雌性的)elephantdies,herdaughtersandhergranddaughtersaresadformanymonths.Theystaywiththedeadbody.Thentheycarryabitofitawaywiththem.Theyneverforgetadeadfriend.Elephantsarelikeus,buttheyarealsodifferent.Theyliveinfamiliesoffemales.Therewillbeafewyoungmales―afew“babyboys”.Butthefemaleswillsoonsendthemaway.Anelephantfamilykeepsonlyitsdaughters,mothersanditsgreatgrandmothers.Thefemalesstaytogetherforfifty,sixty...ahundredyears.Theolderanimalslookaftertheyoungerones.Themothersteachtheirdaughtersandsetagoodexample.①Andwhathappenstomale(雄性的)elephants?Well,theyoungmalesstaywiththeirmothersforatime.Thentheymustleavethefamily.Thefemalesjustsendthemaway.Amaleelephantdoesnotoftenhaveafriend.Helivesapartawayfromthefamily,②andoftenawayfromothermaleelephants.Sometimesthefemalescallamaleelephant.Hecanvisitthemthen,andstayforatime.Butsoonhis“wife”andsisterssendhimawayagain.Thefemaleshaveaveryhappyfamilylife.Whatdothemaleelephantsthinkaboutit?Wedon'tknow.根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.Intheelephantfamily,thereare____.A.femalesand,sometimes,afewyoungmales11/11B.parentswholivetogetherC.onlybullswiththeirmalefriendsD.parentsandalltheirbabieslivinghappily2.Anadultmaleelephantoften____.A.livestogetherwithhis“wife”B.livesbyhimselfC.hasmanyfemalefriendsD.hasmanymalefriends3.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheElephantB.TheFourleggedAnimalC.TheFemaleElephantD.TheElephantsFamily难句注释①setagoodexample树立一个好的榜样。Totalwords:259Readingtime:____Readingspeed:____②Helivesapartawayfromthefamily.他不和家人生活在一起。PassageC阅读理解11/11Animalsarenaturalresourcesthatpeoplehavewastedallthroughourhistory.Animalshavebeenkilledfortheirfurandfeathers,forfood,forsport,andsimplybecausetheywereintheway.Thousandsofkindsofanimalshavedisappearedfromtheworldforever.Hundredsmoreareonthedangerlisttoday.About170kindsintheUnitedStatesaloneareconsideredindanger.①Whyshouldpeoplecare?Becauseweneedanimals.Andbecauseoncetheyaregone,therewillneverbeanymore.Animalsaremorethanjustbeautifulandinteresting.②Theyaremorethanjustasourceoffood.Everyanimalhasitsplaceinthebalanceofnature(生态平衡).Destroyingonekindofanimalcancreatemanyproblems.Forexample,whenfarmerskilledlargenumbersofhawks(老鹰),thefarmersstoresofcornandgrainweredestroyedbyratsandmice.Why?Becausehawkseatratsandmice.Withnohawkstokeepdowntheirnumbers,theratsandmicemultiplied(繁殖)quickly.Luckily,somepeopleareworkingtohelpsavetheanimals.Somegroupsraisemoneytoletpeopleknowabouttheproblem.Andtheytrytogetthegovernmentstopasslawsprotectinganimalsindanger.Quiteafewcountrieshavepassedlaws.Theselawsforbid(禁止)thekillingofanyanimalsorplantsonthedangerlist.Slowly,thenumberofsomeanimalsindangerisgrowing.根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.Animalsareimportanttousmainlybecause____.A.theygiveusasourceoffoodB.theyarebeautifulandlovelyC.theykeepthebalanceofnatureD.theygiveusalotofpleasure2.Whathashappenedtotheanimalsontheearth?A.Hundredsofkindsofanimalshavedisappearedforever.B.Manykindsofanimalshavediedout.11/11C.About170kindsofanimalshavedisappearedforever.D.Allkindsofanimalsareindanger.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Peoplecaremuchaboutanimalsbecausetheyneedthem.B.Onceacertainkindofanimalsisgoneforever,therewillneverbeanymore.C.Killingallratsandmicemaycausesomeproblems.D.Peoplemustnotkillanyanimals.4.Whatcanweinferfromthefactthatquiteafewcountrieshavepassedlawsprotectinganimalsindanger?A.Everypersonwillknowtheimportanceofprotectingwildanimals.B.Animalsindangerwillnotbekilledanymore.C.Thenumberofsomeanimalsindangerwillincrease.D.Animalsindangerwillbekeptawayfrompeople.难句注释①About170kindsintheUnitedStatesaloneareconsideredindanger.仅美国就有大约170种动物濒临灭绝。Totalwords:229Readingtime:____Readingspeed:____②Animalsaremorethanjustbeautifulandinteresting.动物不仅只是漂亮有趣。morethan超过，不仅仅。PassageD完形填空11/11Inthepast,mandidnothavetothinkabouttheprotectionofhisenvironment.Therewerefewpeopleontheearth,andnaturalresourcesseemedtobe1.Todaythingsare2,theworldhasbecometoo3.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimeweare4ourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals(化学制品).Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeontheearth5survive.Everyone6todaythatiftoomanyfishesaretakenfromthesea,therewillsoonbenoneleft.①Yet,withmodernfishing7,moreandmorefishesarecaught.Weknowthatiftoomanytreesarecutdown,8willdisappearandnothingwillgrowontheearth.Yetwe9tousebiggerandmorepowerfulmachinesto10moreandmoretrees.Werealizethatifriversarepollutedwithwasteproductsfromfactories,fishwilldie.11,inmostcountrieswastesare12putintoriversorintothesea,andthereare13lawstostopthis.Weknow,too,thatifthe14oftheworldcontinuestoriseatthepresentrate②,inafewyearstherewillnotbeenough15.Whatcanwedotosolvetheseproblems?Ifweeatmorevegetablesandless16,therewillbemorefoodavailable(可用的)foreveryone.Landthatisusedtogrowcrops17fivetimesmorepeoplethanlandwhereanimalsarekept.Ournaturalresourceswill18longerifwelearntorecycle(循环再用)them.Theworldpopulationwillnotrisesoquicklyifpeopleusemodernmethodsofbirth19.Finally,ifweeducatepeopletothinkabouttheproblems,weshallhaveabetterandcleaner20inthefuture.根据文章内容，选择正确答案：1.A.beautifulBunlimitedCunusualDvaluable2.A.commonB.thesameC.changeableD.different3.A.crowdedB.smallC.dirtyD.busy4.A.protectingB.savingC.pollutingD.fighting5.A.maynotB.willnotC.shallnotD.couldnot11/116.A.wondersB.realizesC.considersD.discovers7.A.polesB.boatsC.methodsD.ideas8.A.mountainsB.theseaC.treesD.forests9.A.continueB.haveC.oughtD.goon10.A.growB.plantC.saveD.cutdown11.A.ThusB.HoweverC.GenerallyD.Therefore12.A.stillB.evenC.alsoD.certainly13.A.manyB.noneC.someD.few14.A.productionB.pollutionC.populationD.development15.A.housesB.vegetablesC.foodD.places16.AfruitB.meatC.fishD.grain17.A.feedsB.increasesC.suppliesD.helps18.A.useB.stayC.keepD.last19.A.controlB.bornC.planD.pay20.A.natureB.seaC.planetD.forest难句注释①Iftoomanyfishesaretakenfromthesea,therewillsoonbenoneleft.如果从海洋里捕捉过多的鱼,不久将不再有鱼剩下了。②atthepresentrate以目前的比率PassageA本文提出恐龙灭绝的两种观点：一是气候变化，二是陨石撞击地球引起的灰尘挡住阳光导致植物死亡。1.C.文章第二、三两段分别提出恐龙灭绝的两种观点。11/112.B.导致恐龙灭绝可能的两种观点：一是气候变化，二是陨石。3.D.根据文章作者的口气(perhaps,arenot100%sure)判断恐龙的死因还没有一个准确的说法。PassageB本文主要讲述了陆地上最大的动物——大象与人类的相同、不同之处以及大象家族的组成情况。1.A.根据文章可知，大象家族主要是由母象和幼象组成。2.B.从上下文得知，成年公象单独生活。3.D.本文主要介绍了一些大象家族的组成情况。PassageC本文主要讲述了动物在生态平衡中的重要性，教育人们不要滥杀动物。1.C.每一种动物在生态平衡中都有自己适当的位置。2.B.从第二段中可看出thousandsof动物已经灭绝。3.C.选项D太绝对。4.C.从最后一段中可看出,一些国家由于通过了一些法律，濒危动物的数量会增加得比较慢。PassageD本文分析了环境污染的原因并介绍了营造干净美好世界的一些举措。1.B.根据下句可知，过去自然资源似乎是取之不尽的，所以用unlimited。2.D.今昔对比，现在的情况不同了。3.A.下文提到人口增长过快，世界变得拥挤了。4.C.用危险的化学药品污染环境。5.B.如果我们继续这么做，人类将无法生存。6.B.由第四段第一句话可知，每个人都意识到……7.C.捕鱼方法。11/118.D.滥砍滥伐导致森林消失。9.A.然而人们“继续”我行我素。这里Yet表示转折。10.D.cutdown意为“砍伐”。11.B.用however表示转折。12.A.仍然。13.D.and表示递进，“没有多少法律来制止这一点。”14.C.根据下文得知，话题已转向“人口”问题。15.C.人口增长将导致无法解决的粮食问题。16.B.从下一句中出现的“animalsarekept”可知是meat。17.A.feed有“喂养”的意思。18.D.自然资源将持续更久。19.A.人口出生率的控制。20.C.一个更好更干净的星球。1.Thentheycarryabitofitawaywiththem.然后它们会将大象尸体上的一小部分带走。(Line6,PassageB)注意abit和alittle的区别：两者都可接形容词或副词的原级或比较级，意为“一些；一点”。如：Yourtrousersareabit/littleshort.你的裤子稍微短了一点。Thisbookisabit/littlemoreinterestingthanthatone.这本书比那本书有趣。但后接名词时，abit后需加of；而alittle不必。如alittlewater或abitofwater。Ivegotalittle/abitofshoppingtodo.我得去买点东西。在否定句中两者意思完全不一样：notabit一点也不。如：Iamnotabittired.我一点也不累。notalittle非常。如：Iamnotalittletired.我非常累。11/112.Everyonerealizestodaythatiftoomanyfishesaretakenfromthesea,therewillsoonbenoneleft.现在大家都意识到如果过多地捕捉海洋里的鱼类，就将不再有鱼剩下了。(Line7,PassageD)toomany后接可数名词。如：Wecan'tcutdwontoomanytrees.我们不能滥砍树木。toomuch后接不可数名词。如：Hedranktoomuchbeerlastnight.他昨晚喝了太多的酒。toomuch还有“过分；过量”的意思。如：Theworkistoomuchforhim.这工作他干不了。要会区分toomuch和muchtoo这两个短语。muchtoo后面常跟形容词、副词，表示“实在太”。如：Thatmusicismuchtooloud;turntheradiodown.那音乐太响了。把声音调低点。11/11