必修一Unit1friendshipGrammar●从容说课Accordingtothecontentsbasedonthenewcoursestandard，seniorstudentsarerequiredtounderstandthefunctionofgrammarandcanuseitfreely.Graduallycontactandunderstandcomplexlanguagephenomenasothatstudentsmayhavetheabilitytosummarize、analyzeandexplain.Thisisthethirdperiodofthisunit.Inthisperiod，wemainlydealwiththechangesbetweenDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.Inordertomakestudentsgraspitwell，Ithinkitisnecessarytogivethemmorepracticeandencouragethemtofindouttheproblemsofgrammarbythemselves.●三维目标1.Knowledge：words/phrases：Germans，withsomanyclotheson2.Ability：Uselearnedknowledgetointerchangedirectspeechandindirectspeechcorrectlyandfreely.3.Emotion：Cultivatethespiritofcooperation，self-teaching，andself-exploring.●教学重点Mastertheinterchangesofdirectspeechandindirectspeechinthedeclarativesentencesandinterrogativesentences.●教学难点Masterthechangesofthepronouns，tenses，adverbialsintheinterchangesofdirectspeechandindirectspeech.●教具准备acomputerconnectedtotheinternet，aproject，ablackboard●教学过程Step1GreetingsGreetthewholeclassasusual.9\nStep2T：NowIwantyoutotranslatetwosentencesintoEnglish.Listencarefully.“我喜欢交朋友”，thesecondone“妈妈，你看见我的笔记本了吗？”Nowhowtotranslatethetwosentences？Whowantstotry？Yeah，Alice，youtry，please.Thefirstone.S：Ilikemakingfriends.T：Good，sitdown，please.Alicesaid，“Ilikemakingfriends”（Bb：Alicesaid，“Ilikemakingfriends.”）Thesecondone.Whowantstotry？OK，David，youtry，please.S：Mum，haveyouseenmynotebook？（Bb：Davidasked，“Mom，haveyouseenmynotebook.”）T：Nowlookattheblackboard.IfwereportwhatAliceandDavidsaidtosomeoneelse，howtodoit？TandSs：Alicesaidthatshelikedmakingfriends.Davidaskedhismumifshehadseenhisnotebook.（Bb：Writethemontheblackboard.）T：Yes.Let’scometoourtext.Readthesentencesinexercise1ofdiscoveringstructures.LaterI’llaskyoutotellmewhatyou’vediscovered.Now，whocantellme？S1：Weshouldpayattentiontothechangesoftenses.Lookattheunderlinedwords.S2：Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothesecondsentence.Indirectspeech，it’sageneralquestion.Butinindirectspeech，weshoulduseiforwhethertointroduceobjectclausebesidesthechangeofverb.S3：Ifitisaspecialquestionindirectspeech，weshouldusetheoriginalinterrogativeinindirectspeech.T：Wonderful!NowI’llgiveyoubriefexplanationof“DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech”（1）：Statements&Questions☆YouuseDirectSpeechwhenyouwanttoshowtheexactwordssomeonesaidorwrote.Usequotationmarkstoshowthatyoureporttheexactwordsapersonusedandareportingclausetoincludeinformationaboutthespeakandthesituation.e.g.“Ihadagreattimeatthepicnic，”shetoldhermum.（directspeech）（reportingclause）☆Thereportingclausemaycomebefore，within，orafterthedirectspeech.Whenthereportingclausecomesafterthedirectspeech，theorderofthesubjectandtheverbmaybechanged，e.g.Janesaid/saidJane.Thistypicallyhappenswhenthereportingclauseiswithinthereportedspeechandthesubjectisnotapronoun.e.g.Janesaid，“I’vegotanewe-pal.HeisfromGerman.”“I’vegotanewpal.HeisfromGermany，”Janesaid/saidJane/shesaid.Useacommatoconnectthedirectspeechandthereportingclause.WhenyouchangeasentencefromDirectSpeechtoIndirectSpeech，yousometimesneedtochangetheverb9\ntense.Youmayalsoneedtochangepronounsinordertokeepthesamemeaning.DIRECTSPEECH←→INDIRECTSPEECHPresentPastPastpastorpastperfectPresentperfectpastperfectPastperfectpastperfecte.g.“Didyougete-mailsfromyourfriends？”sheasked.→SheaskedifIhadgote-mailsfrommyfriends.WhenyouuseIndirectSpeechtoreportwhatsomeonesaid，youcansometimeschangetheexactwordswithoutchangingwhatthespeakeractuallysaid.e.g.Wilsonsaid，“Howlonghavewebeeninhisplace？”→Wilsonaskedhowlongyouhadbeenhere.T：Next，let’sdosomeexercises.LookatPart2.Changethefollowingdirectspeechintoindirectspeechandindirectintodirect.Firstdoitbyyourselves.Thendiscussitinpairs.FinallyI’llshowyoutheanswers.（Afterstudentsdoit，teachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.）Suggestedanswers：1.AnnesaidthatshewasgoingtohidefromtheGermans.2.Annesaidthatshedidn’tknowtheaddressofhernewhome.3.Shesaidshecouldn’taskherfatherbecauseitwasnotsafetoknow.4.Thegirlsaidshehadhadtopickupherthingsveryquickly.5.Dadaskedherwhyshehadchosenherdiaryandoldletters.6.“Areyouhotwithsomanyclotheson”Mumasked.7.“Whatelsedidyouget？”Margotaskedher.8.“Whenwillwegobackhome？”Anneasked.9.“Howcanyouseeyourfriends？”Anneasked.10.“Whydidyougooutlastnight？”MotheraskedAnne.T：Youdidagoodjob.Infact，weshouldpayattentiontosomespecialcases.IntheinterchangesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech，itisnotnecessaryforustochange“here，come，yesterdayandsoon”into“there，go，thedaybefore”ifweareatthatgiventimeandplace.Ofcourse，ifthecontentinDirectSpeechisobjectivetruth，itisalsonotnecessarytochangetensesinIndirectSpeech.Forexample：Shesaidtothechildren，“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Shetoldthechildrenthattheearthmovesroundthesun.Astothis，youshould9\nremember.Isthatclear？Ss：Yes.Step3T：OK.Let’sdealwithusingstructuresonpage42.Retellthestorytoconsolidatethegrammar.Afterawhile，Iwillasksomeofyoutoreportyourstory.Let’sseewhocandothebest.Step4T：Thankyouforyourreport!Nowplaythegameonpage43.Makeupadialogueingroupsofthree.S1：A：Whowaswaitingforthemthere？B：Whatdidheorshesaid？C：Heorsheaskedwhowaswaitingforthemthere.S2：Step5T：Youdidagoodjob.Ishowyoutwoletterstoseehowwellyouunderstandthisgrammar.ChangethemintoIndirectspeech.Letter1：DearBassanio，Myfriend，myshipsarealllostatseaandnowIhavetopayShylockwithapoundofmyfleshaccordingtoouragreement.Sincepayinghimwillcostmemylife，IwishtoseeyoubeforeIdie.Ifyoulovemenotenoughtoleadyouhere，forgetabouttheletter.Yours，AntonioLetter2：Sir，Iamveryill.Whenyourletterreachedme，IhadwithmealearnedyoungdoctorfromRome.ItoldhimaboutthequarrelbetweenShylockandAntonio.WestudiedmanylawbooksandheknowswhatIwouldsay.Iaskyoutolethimstandinmyplaceandpassjudgment.Heisyoung，butIneverknewsoyoungabodywithsowiseahead.Yours，DoctorBellarioT：Areyouready？Let’schecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Answers：Letter1：9\nBassabioreceivedaletterfromAntonio.Intheletter，AntoniosaidthathisshipswereallatseaandhehadtopayShylockwithapoundofhisfleshaccordingtotheiragreement.SincepayingShylockwouldcosthimhislife，hewishedtoseeBassaniobeforehedied.HesaidifBassanio，sloveforhimwasnotenoughtoleadhimthere，Bassanioshouldforgetabouttheletter.Letter2：DpoctorBellariowroteinhisletterthathewasveryillandhehadbeenwithalearnedyoungdoctorfromRomewhenthisletterreachedhim.HehadtoldtheyoungdoctoraboutthequarrelbetweenShylockandAntonio.Theyhadstudiedmanylawbooksandtheyoungdoctorknewwhathewouldsay.SoBellariopaskedtheDucktolettheyoungmanstandinhisplaceandgivejudgement.HealsotoldtheDukeinhisletterhehadneverknownsoyoungabodywithsowiseahead.T：SummaryandhomeworkOK.Inthisclass，we’velearnedDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.Afterclass，reviewthecontent，andremembertherulesofchangestheinterchangesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.Anyquestion？S1：Iamnotclearaboutthephrase“withsomanyclotheson”.T：Notethefollowingstructure：（1）Shelefttheofficewithtearsinhereyes.（2）Themurderwasbroughtin，withhishandstiedbehindhisback.（3）Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle，thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.（4）Petersoonfellasleepwiththelightstillburning.Translation：（1）____________（由那个男孩带路），wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.（2）Jessicawasstandingbythewindow，____________（手里拿着一封信）.（3）____________（钥匙丢了），Annahadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.（4）____________（因为有约翰帮助），wearesuretofinishtheworkaheadoftime.（5）Theoldmanlayinbed，unabletospeak，____________（眼闭着嘴张着）.Answers：（1）withtheboyleadingtheway（2）withaletterinherhand（3）Withthekeylost（4）WithJohntohelpus（5）withhiseyesclosedandmouthopen9\n●板书设计Unit1FriendshipTheThirdPeriodwithsomanyclotheson（1）Shelefttheofficewithtearsinhereyes.（2）Themurderwasbroughtin，withhishandstiedbehindhisback.（3）Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle，thenewly-electedpresidentshavingahardtime.（4）Petersoonfellasleepwiththelightstillburning.●活动与探究Letstudentssummarizetherulesofthegrammarbythemselves.Thepurposeistocultivatetheirabilitytomakeupasummary.Dividethemintoseveralgroups.Afterdoingthat，studentsformgroupsagaintohelpeachother.●备课资料1.直接引语（变化前）间接引语（变化后）陈述句Janesaid，“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”that引导的宾语从句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.一般疑问句“Isthisyourumbrella，Mary？”askedJohn.whether/if引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMarryifthatwasherumbrella.特殊疑问句“Marry，whenwillyoureturnmethebook？”askedJohn.wh-词引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMarrywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.祈使句Theofficersaidtohim，“Don’tleaveyourpost.”不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.Let’s开头的祈使句Isaidtohim，“Let’sstartatonce.”that引导的宾语从句Isuggestedtohimthatwe（should）startatonce.感叹句that/what/how引导的宾语从句9\nHesaid：“HowhappyIam!”Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringherethat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/today/yesterday（the）nextdayintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here直接引语（变化前）间接引语（变化后）主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时Sheoftensays，“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”“Youdidverywell，”IhavejusttoldTom.从句动词时态不变Sheoftensaystheallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.IhavejusttoldTomthathedidverywell.引语动词为：从句动词变为：9\n主句动词为一般过去从句动词时态相应变化一般现在时“Iknowit，”hesaid.一般过去时Hesaidthatheknewit.现在进行时“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall，”shesaid.过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore，”saidhe.过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.现在完成进行时Hesaid，“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday，”hesaid.过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.过去进行时“IwaswaitingforJim，”shesaid.过去完成进行时ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.过去完成时“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied？”Jackasked.过去完成时JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.一般将来时Hesaid：“Weshallstarttomorrow.”过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.2.Changethefollowingpassageintodialogues.BassaniotoldAntoniothathewasinlovewithPortia，arichandbeautifullady，andthatshealsolovedhim.HealsotoldAntoniothathecouldaskPortiatomarryhimbecausehehadnomany.HeaskedAntoniaifhecouldlendhimthreethousandducats.Antoniotoldhimthatallhisshipswereatseaandhehadnomoneyatpresent.TheywenttoShylocktoborrowthemoney.Shylockdidn’tlikeAntonio，whohadmanytimestoldothersabouthisgreedandcruelty.However，heagreedtolendAntoniothemoneyononecondition.HewouldhavetherighttohaveapoundofAantonio’sfleshtobecutofffromanypartofhisbodyifhedidnotpaythemoneybackattheendofthreemonths.Antoniosaidthathewouldaccepttheseterms.BassaniotriedtokeepAntoniofromacceptingthem，butAntoniotreatedthemasajokeandsaidhewouldnotrefuseShylock’sofferandwouldsigntheagreement.Dialogue：B：Aantonio，myfriend.Iaminlovewitharichandbeautifullady，whosenameisPortia.A：Doessheloveyou？B：Yes，shelovesme.OratleastIthinkso.A：Haveyouaskedhertomarryyou？B：Iwantedto，butIcan’t.A：Whynot？B：BecauseIhavenomoney.A：Ifthatisyouronlyproblem.Icanhelpyou.Howmuchdoyouneed？9\nB：Iwouldbeverygratefulifyoucanlendme3000ducats.A：I’dbehappytohelpyou，butallmyshipsareatseaandIhavenomoneyatpresent.Butdon’tworry，I’llfindawaytosolvethisproblem.B：Oh，youaresuchakindman.Thankyouverymuch.9
