优点英语2020-2021学年高一期末复习热点话题阅读与题型专练06话题：垃圾分类【1】Beforeyouthrowyourtrashintothenearestcan,thinkforamoment.Notallyourgarbagecanbedumpedintoonetrashcan.Itneedstobesortedoutwithdifferentthingsgoingintodifferentbins.Wasteclassification,apracticethathaslongbeennormalindevelopedcountrieslikeJapan,isthenewchallengeformanyChineseurbanresidents.However,thoughinitiallyyoumightneedtorackyourbrainstofigureoutwhichtrashgoesintowhichcan,inthelongrun,theresultiswellworththeeffort.Landfills,siteswherewasteisburiedandcoveredoverwithsoil,areamajormethodofdisposingofresidentialwasteinChina.However,consideringtheenvironmentaldisasterassociatedwithburyingwaste,thereisapressingneedtoreducetheamountofwastethatgoesintoalandfill.Classification,sortingwasteintodifferentcategoriessuchasharmfulwaste,recyclablesandkitchenwaste,isakeysolution.Currently,46citiesacrossChina,arecarryingoutaprogramthataimstoputinplaceaclassification-basedgarbagedisposalsystembytheendof2020.Itishopedthatthiswillreducethequantityofwastethatendsupinlandfillsbyalargedegree.ShanghaicameintothemediafocusinearlyJulyafteritcarriedoutcompulsorygarbagesortingrulesthatthosewhofailtodisposeofgarbageproperlyshouldbefined.BeijingisreviewingitsregulationstofollowinShanghai’sfootsteps.Thenewrulesmaycauseshort-terminconveniencebuttheyaremeanttohelpresidentsfollowtheconceptofgarbageclassificationforthecommongood.Astheprogramsshow,residentscangraduallydevelopthishabitwiththeirgrowingconsciousnessandthehelpofadvancedtechnology.Infuture,thispracticeshouldbeadoptedacrossChina,inurbancitiesandruralareasalike.Withpublicinvolvement,China’sgarbagesortingprogramwillcontributenotonlytothenation’ssustainable(可持续的)developmentbutalsotomakingtheplanetabetterplacetolivein.1．Whatisthemostprobablereasonforclassifyingwaste？A．Nositeforburyingwaste.B．People’shabit.,优点英语C．Economiccost.D．Environmentalpollution.2．Whatisthepurposeoftheprogram？A．Topractisewasteclassification.B．Toprotectenvironment.C．Tosaveoilforfarming.D．Toreducethequantityofwaste.3．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A．AprogramadoptedacrossChinaB．ShanghaicarriedoutnewdisposalrulesC．DoingthebestwithwasteD．Protectingenvironmentisnecessary【2】AnewlawcameintouseinShanghaionMonday,requiringeveryindividual,familiesandcompaniestosort（分类）theirtrashintodifferenttrashcans.Localsarenowrequiredtoseparatetrashintofourkinds:foodwaste,residualwaste,harmfulwasteandrecyclablewaste.Accordingtothenewlaw,a200-yuanfinecanbegiventoindividualsorfamilieswhodonotfollowit.4．Onthefirstdayofpracticeoftherules,itwasfoundthat38.1percentofhotelsand33.2percentofcompaniesdidn'tmeettherequirements.5．.Thesuccessinresidential（居民的）neighborhoodswasaresultofearlypracticeinpilot（试点的）neighborhoodsaroundthecity,whichhadcausedmixedfeelingsamongthepublicsinceJune.6．SomepeoplepraisedShanghaiforbeingarolemodelandtakingactivestepstosolvethetrashprobleminbigcities,whileotherscomplainedabouttheinconveniencetherulehasbroughttotheirdailylives,andmadejokesaboutsortingtheirgarbage.Thefinalgoalofthetrashsortingprogramistoreducewasteandincreaserecycling.Shanghai's24millionresidentsproduce56,000tonsoftrasheveryday.7．Actually,Shanghaiisnotfightingaloneinthebattleagainsttrashdisposal,astrashsortinghasbeenpopularnationwide.8．Thosecitieswillsetupabasicsystemtoclassifyanddisposeoftheirhouseoldgarbageby2020,andby2050,citiesattheprefecturelevel（地级）andaboveshouldhavethesysteminplace.A．Only7.4percentoftheresidentialneighborhoodsneededtobecorrected.,优点英语B．SalesoftrashcansonTaobaoalsoincreasedbeforetheregulationtookeffect.C．OnSinaWeibo,thetopicoftrashsortinghascausedaheateddiscussion.D．Peopleindifferentcitieshavedifferentattitudestowardssortingtheirtrash.E.Mostofthetrash,endsupbeingburied,whichwastespreciouslandandcanpollutewaterandsoilifnotsolvedproperly.F.Thecountryplanstohave46majorChinesecitiestojoininit,includingBeijingandGuangzhou.G.Andforcompanies,thefinecanhit5,000to50,000yuan.参考答案1．D2．A3．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为保护环境，中国正要实施垃圾分类的计划及其意义。1．推理判断题。根据第二段“However,consideringtheenvironmentaldisasterassociatedwithburyingwaste,thereisapressingneedtoreducetheamountofwastethatgoesintoalandfill.Classification,sortingwasteintodifferentcategoriessuchasharmfulwaste,recyclablesandkitchenwaste,isakeysolution.(然而，考虑到填埋垃圾带来的环境灾难，减少填埋垃圾的数量迫在眉睫。分类，将垃圾分类成不同的类别，如有害垃圾，可回收垃圾和厨房垃圾，是一个关键的解决方案)”可推知，环境污染是废物分类主要原因。故选D项。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Currently,46citiesacrossChina,arecarryingoutaprogramthataimstoputinplaceaclassification-basedgarbagedisposalsystembytheendof,优点英语2020.(目前，全国46个城市正在实施一项计划，目标是在2020年底前建立垃圾分类处理系统)”可知，这个项目的目的是实行废物分类。故选A项。3．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第三段中“Currently,46citiesacrossChina,arecarryingoutaprogramthataimstoputinplaceaclassification-basedgarbagedisposalsystembytheendof2020.(目前，全国46个城市正在实施一项计划，目标是在2020年底前建立垃圾分类处理系统)”以及最后一段中“Withpublicinvolvement,China’sgarbagesortingprogramwillcontributenotonlytothenation’ssustainable(可持续的)developmentbutalsotomakingtheplanetabetterplacetolivein.(在公众的参与下，中国的垃圾分类计划不仅将有助于国家的可持续发展，也将使地球成为一个更适合居住的地方)”可知，本文主要讲述了为保护环境，中国正要实施垃圾分类的计划及其意义。选项C“尽最大努力处理垃圾。”突出主题，体现了中国处理垃圾的决心，适合做标题。故选C项。4．G5．A6．C7．E8．F【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海颁布的一项新的法律：上海所有的个人，家庭和公司必须分类投放垃圾，否则将面临罚款，以及对这项法律的人们的反应。4．根据前句“Accordingtothenewlaw,a200-yuanfinecanbegiventoindividualsorfamilieswhodonotfollowit.(根据新法律，不遵守规定的个人或家庭将被处以200元的罚款。)”可知，对个人或家庭的罚款是200元，但是没有提到对公司的罚款规定，因此接下来应该是对公司的罚款规定。G项：Andforcompanies,thefinecanhit5,000to50,000,优点英语yuan.(对公司的罚款从5000到50000元不等)符合文意。故选G。5．根据前句“Onthefirstdayofpracticeoftherules,itwasfoundthat38.1percentofhotelsand33.2percentofcompaniesdidn'tmeettherequirements.(在该规定实施的第一天，发现38.1%的酒店和33.2%的公司没有达到要求。)”提到了宾馆和公司的状况，结合后句“Thesuccessinresidential(居民的)neighborhoodswasaresultofearlypracticeinpilot(试点的)neighborhoodsaroundthecity.(住宅社区的成功是城市周边试点社区早期实践的结果)”中提到了居民区的成功，可知此处应该是关于居民区在垃圾分类方面的表现。因此A项：Only7.4percentoftheresidentialneighborhoodsneededtobecorrected.(只有7.4%的居民区需要整改)符合本段文意。故选A。6．根据后句“SomepeoplepraisedShanghaiforbeingarolemodelandtakingactivestepstosolvethetrashprobleminbigcities,whileotherscomplainedabouttheinconveniencetherule.(一些人称赞上海是一个榜样，积极采取措施解决大城市的垃圾问题，而其他人则抱怨这一规定带来的不便。)”提到了人们对上海这一法律的出台的不同观点，C项：OnSinaWeibo,thetopicoftrashsortinghascausedaheateddiscussion.(在新浪微博上，垃圾分类话题引发了热烈的讨论)符合本段文意。故选C。7．根据前句“Shanghai’s24millionresidentsproduce56,000tonsoftrasheveryday.(上海2400万居民每天产生56000吨垃圾。)”罗列了上海每天所制造的垃圾的数量，接下来很明显应该是讲这些垃圾带来的问题。E项：Mostofthetrashendsupbeingburied,whichwastespreciouslandandcanpollutewaterandsoilifnotsolvedproperly.(大部分垃圾被掩埋，这浪费了宝贵的土地，污染了水和土壤)符合本段文意。故选E。8．根据前句“Shanghaiisnotfightingaloneinthebattleagainsttrashdisposal,astrashsortinghasbeenpopularnationwide.(在反对垃圾处理的战斗中，上海并非孤军奋战，因为垃圾分类已在全国流行。)”提到上海在对垃圾发起的战斗中并不孤单，以及后句“Thosecitieswillsetupabasicsystemtoclassifyanddisposeoftheirhouseholdgarbageby2020.,优点英语(到2020年，这些城市将基本建立生活垃圾分类和处理制度。)”提到更多城市将会加入这一行。故F项：Thecountryplanstohave46majorChinesecitiestojoininit,includingBeijingandGuangzhou.(国家计划让46个主要城市加入，包括北京和广州)符合文意。故选F。
