优点英语2022高考英语阅读提高一、政治经济1PITTSBURGH,Sept.7—At26,manypeoplehaven’tevendecidedonacareer.LukeRavenstahl,cashinginonhisfamily’spoliticaltradition,isalreadythemayorofPittsburgh,theyoungestmayorofanymajorcityinthecountry.Althoughmayorselsewherehavebeenyounger,JeffDunkelwas18in2001whenhewaselectedmayorofMountCarbon,smalltownsinNewYork,andelsewherehavealsoelectedteenagersasmayors.But,Tallahassee,istheonlyothercitywithapopulationover100,000thathashadamayorasyoungasMr.Ravenstahl.AsupporterofMr.RavenstahlsaidconcernsaboutMr.Ravenstahl’sagewoulddissipateoncethecitysawhisworkethic.Butnowcomesthehardpart.Ashestrivestobetakenseriouslyandtakechargeofacityonlyrecentlybackfromtheedgeofbankruptcy(破产),thebaby-facedmayorsaidthateventhesmallestdecisionsfeltweighty,evenwhattowearintheSteelersgamematters.Andanotherpressingissueistostrengthenthecity’seconomy.Pittsburghhaslostallitsmills,nearlyhalfitspopulationandmuchofitsdowntowncommercialdistrictinthelastseveraldecades.“ButPittsburghhas50,000collegestudents,andourchallengeistofigureouthowtoretainthemandtoincreasedowntowndevelopment.”Hesaid.Butoneofthebiggestuncertaintiesishowlonghewillremaininoffice.Accordingtothecitycharter,MayorRavenstahl’stermwillnotexpireuntilNovember2009.Somecitylawyers,however,havearguedthathemustfacetheelectoratenextyear.AndresidentsinPittsburgharestillkeepingjudgmentonhim.Deli,JimmyCvetic,asandwichshopowner,said“IcallhimCoolHandLuke.He’llbeallright,buthe’sgoingtoneedacoolhandtogetthroughthis.”MayorRavenstahlsaidhewasstilltryingtodealwiththechallengehefaced.1.AboutLukeRavenstahl,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
优点英语A.HeistheyoungestmayorintheU.S.A.B.Hisfamilybackgroundhascontributedtohissuccessfulpoliticalcareer.C.Hisyoungagehaswonsupportfrommediaandyoungvoters.D.HewillbemayorofPittsburghatleastuntil2009.2.Theunderlinedword“dissipate”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans_________.A.disappearB.appearC.spreadD.reduce3.WhatcanyouinferfromthearticleaboutPittsburgh?A.ItisasmalltowninNewYorkfamousforsteelmills.B.Ithasalwaysenjoyedprosperouseconomicsuccess.C.Manyyoungcollegestudentstherearethenewhopeofthedistrict.D.ItisamajorcityintheU.S.Awithapopulationslightlysmallerthan100,000.4.Wherecanyoufindthisarticle?A.AmagazineB.AbrochureaboutpoliticiansC.AnewspaperD.Anadvertisementaboutsomemayorcandidates5.WhatkindofChallengeswillnotLukeRavenstahlcopewith?A.DistrustfromhiscitizensB.pressurefromotheroutstandingyoungmayorsC.economicalstandstillofhiscityD.decreasingpopulationinhiscity2Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlord(房东)canchargeforanapartment.Supportersofrentcontrolarguethatitprotectspeoplewhoarelivinginapartment.Theirrentcannotincrease;therefore,theyarenotindangeroflosingtheirhomes.However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswherethey
优点英语canincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.Someexpertsarguethattheminimumwagelawcancauseproblemsinthesameway.Thefederalgovernmentsetstheminimumthatanemployermustpayworkers.Theminimumhelpspeoplewhogenerallylookforunskilled,low-payingjobs.However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsholdtheopinionthatanincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.Somepoorpeoplemayfindthemselveswithoutjobsinsteadofwithjobsattheminimumwage.Supportersoftheminimumwagesaythatithelpspeoplekeeptheirdignity.Becauseofthelaw,workerscannotselltheirservicesforlessthantheminimum.Furthermore,employerscannotforceworkerstoacceptjobsatunfairwages.Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecision,suchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectedonlyif“otherthingsareequal”.Economistsdonotagreeonsomeofthepredictions.Theyalsodonotagreeonthevalueofdifferentdecisions.Someeconomistssupportaparticulardecisionwhileotherscriticizeit.Economistsdoagree,however,thattherearenosimpleanswerstoeconomicquestions.1.Thereisthepossibilitythatsettingmaximumrentmay________.A.causeashortageofapartmentsB.worrythosewhorentapartmentsashomes.C.Increasetheprofitsoflandlords.D.Encouragelandlordstoinvestinbuildingapartments.2.Wecansafelysaythatrentcontrol_________.A.willalwaysbenefitthosewhorentapartments.
优点英语A.isunnecessary.B.willprobablybringinactiveeffectsinthelongrun.C.isnecessaryunderallconditions3.Therewillbetheproblemofunemploymentif________________.A.theminimumwageissettoohigh..B.theminimumwageissettooearly.C.theworkersareunskilled.D.themaximumwageissetforpoorworkers.4.Thepassagetellsusabout_______________.E.therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemand.F.thepossibleresultsofgovernmentcontrols.G.thenecessityofgovernmentcontrol.H.theurgencyofgettingridofgovernmentcontrol.5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Theresultsofeconomicdecisionscannotalwaysbepredicted.B.Minimumwagecannotalwaysprotectemployees.C.Economictheorycanhelppredicttheresultsofeconomicdecisionifotherfactorsarenotchanging.D.Economistsusuallyhavethesamepredictionaboutaneconomicdecision.3
优点英语Manybanksarestillnotlending.Theyworrythattheywillnothaveenoughcapitaltocoverlosses,butthesituationdoesnotallowmanybusinessestohavethemoneytheyneedtooperate,andfurtherslowsastrugglingeconomy.IntheUnitedStates,thegovernmenthassofarprovidedalmost150billiondollarstobanks,mainlythroughbuyingshares.Yetthismaynotbeenoughtosavesomemajorbanks.Bysomeestimates,bankshaveatleastonetrilliondollarsinlossesthattheyhavenotyetreported.ThenewadministrationofPresidentBarackObamaisconsideringwaystosavebanks.Onepossibilityistoexpandfederalguaranteesagainstlossesonsometroubledfinancialassets(资产).ThegovernmenthasalreadyofferedguaranteestoBankofAmericaandCitigroup.Butthecostofthiskindofinsurancecouldbehuge.Anotherpossibilityistocreateaso-calledbadbank.Itwouldtakequestionablesecuritiesheldbyotherbanks.TheideawouldbesimilartotheResolutionTrustCorporationsetupbythegovernmentin1989.Itwasformedtosellassetsfromfailedsavingsandloanbanks.Butitisdifficulttoputapriceontroublesecurities.Taxpayerswouldlosemoneyifthegovernmentpaystoomuch.Andifitpaystoolittle,bankscouldstillfail.Somepeopleseenationalization(国有化)astheanswer.Thatiswhenagovernmenttakesownershipofaprivatebusiness,oftenwiththeideaofsellingitbacktoinvestorslater.Existingsharesbecomeworthless.Intheearly1990s,Swedennationalizedsomebanksandlatersoldtheirtroubledassets,recoveringsomecosts.ButasimilareffortintheUnitedStates,theworld’sbiggesteconomy,couldtakeyears.Andexpertswarnthatlendingandpoliticsdonotmix.ComingupwithaplantofixthebanksandthefinancialsystemisnowthejobforTimGeithner.TheSenateconfirmedhisthisweektoreplaceHenryPaulsonasTreasurySecretary.TimGeithner’slastjobwasheadoftheNewYorkFederalReserveBank.Supporterssaidheisthebestpersontodealwiththefinancialcrisis.Butone-thirdoftheSenate,mostlyRepublicans,votedagainsthim.
优点英语Hefacerebukeforhisfailuretopay34,000dollarsintaxeswhenheworkedfortheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF).Heoweditto“carelessmistakes”.AsTreasurySecretaryheisthenation’schieftaxcollector.51.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThefinancialcrisisintheUnitedStates.B.PossiblewaystosaveUSbanks.C.PresidentBarackObama’sfinancialpolicy.D.TheproblemsUSbanksarefacingnow.52.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_________.A.allthebanksintheUShavestoppedlendingmoneynow.B.AmericanbankshavelostlessthanonetrilliondollarsC.theUSgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestosavethebanksD.theAmericaneconomicsituationisgettingmuchbetter53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapossibilitytohelpthebanksoutoftrouble?A.Expandingfederalguaranteesagainstlossesonsometroubledfinancialassets.B.Creatingabadbandtotakequestionablesecuritiesheldbyotherbanks.C.Nationalizingthebanksandsellingthembacktoinvestorslater.D.ConfirmingTimGeithnerasTreasurySecretarytoreplaceHenryPaulson.54.Theunderlinedword“rebuke”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans“_________”.A.judgmentB.sympathyC.assessmentD.blame55.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_________.A.BarackObama’sgovernmenthastakeneffectivelymeasurestosavetheirbanks.
优点英语B.TimGeithneristhebestpersontodealwiththefinancialcrisisC.eachpossiblewaymentionedinthepassagehasitsdisadvantageD.nationalizationmaybethebestwaytosaveUSbanks4In“Relax,We’llBeFine”,columnistDavidBrookswrites,“thefactis,despitealltheproblems,America’sfutureisextremlybright.”Mr.Brooksacknowledgesthat“Accordingtorecentsurvey,60percentofAmericansthinkthecountryisheadinginthewrongdirection.ThesamepercentagebelievethattheU.S.isinlong-termdecline.Thepoliticalsystemisnotfunctional.Afinancialcrisislooksunavoidable.Thereareplentyofreasonstobesad.”But,hewrites:“Demographers(人口学家)predictthatoverthenext40years,theU.S.populationwillincreasebyanadditional100millionpeople,to400millionoverall.Thepopulationwillbedetermined,hardworkingandrelativelyyoung.In2050,onlyaquarterwillbeover60,comparedwith31percentinChinaand41percentinJapan.”Astherisinggenerationleadsaneconomicrecovery,itwillalsoparticipateinacommunal(ofcommunity)one.Wearelivinginaglobalageofsocialentrepreneurship(创业精神).Insum,theU.S.isontheedgeofademographic,economicandsocialrecovery,builtonitshistoricstrengths.TheU.S.hasalwaysbeengoodatdestructivechange.Andit’salwaysbeengoodatdecentralizedcommunity-building,too.Surelyacountrywiththismuchgoingforitisnotgoingtowaitaroundpassivelyandletarottenpoliticalculturedragitdown.51．InhisarticleRelax,We’llBeFine,DavidBrooksintendsto.A．encourageAmericanstobeoptimisticabouttheirfutureB．giveAmericanscouragetofacetheirfinancialcrisis
优点英语C．persuadeAmericanstolivehappilyandgenerouslyD．inspireAmericanstoleadaneconomicrecovery52．ThereareallthereasonsforAmericanstobeunhappyexcept.A．thefunction-failedpoliticalsystemB．theincreasingpopulationC．thedecliningeconomyD．thewrongdirectionandfinancialcrisis53．Overthenext40years,accordingtoDavidBrooks,Americanswillbe.A．moreoptimisticandhumorousB．morepessimisticandstrongerC．moreenergeticandpromisingD．moreconsiderateandaggressive54．Intheauthor’sopinion,America.A．hasalwaysbenefitedfromwarsB．hasdonewellbyitspoliticalsystemC．hascontributedalottohumanprogressD．hascontributedtoworld’seconomy55．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．AmericanpoliticalsystemandculturearebackwardB．AmericansarenotanationtogiveintodifficultiesC．AmericansareverydestructiveandaggressiveD．Americahasbeeninaneconomicandsocialrecovery
优点英语5Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.Supportersofrentcontrolarguethatitprotectspeoplewhoarelivinginapartments.Theirrentcannotincrease,therefore,theyarenotindangeroflosingtheirhomes.However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent–controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.Sometheoristsarguethattheminimumwagelawcancauseproblemsinthesameway.Thefederalgovernmentsetstheminimumthatanemployermustpayworkers.Theminimumhelpspeoplewhogenerallylookforunskilled,low–payingjobs.However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Theprice,whichisthewagethatemployersmustpay,increases.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.Somepoorpeoplemayfindthemselveswithoutjobsinsteadofwithjobsattheminimumwage.Supportersoftheminimumwagesaythatithelpspeoplekeeptheirdignity.Becauseofthelaw,workerscannotselltheirservicesforlessthantheminimum.Furthermore,employerscannotforceworkerstoacceptjobsatunfairwages.Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif“otherthingsareequal”.Economistsdonotagreeonsomeofthepredictions.Theyalsodonotagreeonthevalueofdifferentdecisions.Someeconomistssupportaparticulardecisionwhileotherscriticizeit.Economistsdoagree,however,thattherearenosimpleanswerstoeconomicquestions.46.Thereisthepossibilitythatsettingmaximumrentmay_________.A.causeashortageofapartments
优点英语B.worrythosewhorentapartmentsashomesC.increasetheprofitsoflandlordsD.encouragelandlordstoinvestinbuildingapartment47.Accordingtothecritics,rentcontrol_________.A.willalwaysbenefitthosewhorentapartmentsB.isunnecessaryC.willbringnegativeeffectsinthelongrunD.isnecessaryunderallcircumstances48.Theproblemofunemploymentwillarise_________.A.iftheminimumwageissettoohighB.iftheminimumwageissettoolowC.iftheworkersareunskilledD.ifthemaximumwageisset49.Thepassagetellsus_________.A.therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemandB.thepossibleresultsofgovernmentcontrolsC.thenecessityofgovernmentcontrolD.theurgencyofgettingridofgovernmentcontrols50.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Theresultsofeconomicdecisionscannotalwaysbepredicted.B.Minimumwagecannotalwaysprotectemployees.C.Economictheorycanpredicttheresultsofeconomicdecisionsifotherfactorsarenotchanging.D.Economicdecisionsshouldnotbebasedoneconomictheory.
优点英语6Makinganapologyisnotthesameasmakingamends.Sometimesweapologizejustbecauseit’stheeasiestthingtodo.What’sactuallyimportantistoidentifywherewegowrong,takefullresponsibilityforourmistakesand,ifpossible,trytomakeupforthem.ArecentcaseinvolvingHewlett-Packed,theUScomputergiant,showstheimportanceofpresentingasincereapology.TheChineseconsumerswhohadboughtnotebookcomputersofcertainmodels,whichhavebeenputonChinesemarketsince2007,sufferedamassiveflashscreenfailuresandoverheatingproblems.Throughinvestigation,ChineseAQSIQ(国家质检总局)identifiedtheseHPcomputershadqualityproblemsandHPadmittedthis.HPmadeaproposalthattheywouldextendthewarrantyperiodofsuchcomputers,butthiscouldnotsatisfiedtheconsumers.Whattheyneededwasathoroughdescriptionofthetruth.HPhas“sincerely”apologized.Buttheconsumersremainangry,andsaythatonlyaproductrecall—asHPhasdoneinthepast—willprovethattheapologyissincere.AnotherapologythatfellflatonitsfacewasthatofThierryHenry,thefamousFrenchfootballer.HisdeliberatehandballinNovember2009createdthegoalwhichknockedIrelandoutofthe2010WorldCup.Theincidentcausedgreatangerinthefootballworld,andeventuallyHenryissuedandapology.Twodayslater,hewrote,“I’mnotthereferee…butifIhurtsomeoneI’msorry.”Betterlatethannever,perhaps,buteventhenhepassedtheblameontothereferee!Suchhigh-profilecases,whichattractalotofpublicityoftenunderthespotlight,butsimilarincidentsoccurinoureverydaylives.Stresscausedbyschoolworkandtirednesscansometimesresultinoutburstsofangeragainstfriendsandfamily.Haveyoueverlostyourtemperforminorreasons?Aftercalmingdown,mostpeoplearequicktorealizetheirmistakeandapologize.Butit’sjustasimportanttoidentifywhatcausedtheerrorinthefirstplaceandtakeactiontoensureitdoesn’thappenagain.Nooneshouldholdanegativeattitudetomakingasincereapology.Emptywordsareeasytosay,buttheyareasuselessastheysound.Arealshowofremorsedemandshardworkandcommitmenttoputerrorright.
优点英语46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthecaseofHP?A.Atrueapologyneedssincereactions.B.HPshouldrecallallthefaultycomputers.C.Goodqualitymakesagoodcompany.D.Acompanyshouldapologizeandpayfortheirmistakes.47.Accordingtotheauthor,whenwedoanythingwrongwefirstly__________.A.makeanapologyfacetofacehonestlyB.admitwewerewrongandtrytomakethewrongrightC.taketheresponsibilityforapologizingtoothersD.choosetheeasiestthingtodo48.WecaninferfromthecaseofThierryHenrythat______________.A.It’snevertoolatetosay“I’msorry.”B.Writinganapologyisnotagoodidea.C.Henrydidn’tidentifyhisfault.D.ThefootballfansweremadwithHenry.49.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheword“commitment”inthelastparagraph?A.decisionB.promiseC.agreementD.responsibility50.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.WhatreallyputsthingsrightB.Don’tapologizeeasilyC.Makinganapology—nooneisoutofexceptionD.Howtojudgeanapology—sincereenough?
优点英语答案：1篇：1-5BACCB2篇1---5ACABD3篇51-55BCDDC4篇是一篇论说文，意图是鼓励美国人去乐观地面对国家的未来。51-55：ABCAD5篇46-50ACABD6篇46-50ABCDA
