北京市第一五四中学中考英语形容词副词语法复习人教新目标版Name:_________Class:__________中考要求：熟练掌握形容词作定语，表语及宾语补足语的用法。熟练掌握表示时间，地点，方式，程度，原因等疑问副词的用法。熟练掌握形容词，副词比较级和最高级的规则变化形式。熟练掌握常见形容词，副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式。如：good,well,many,much等。掌握little,far,ill,bad,badly等词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式。熟练掌握形容词，副词比较等级的基本句型及基本用法。如：as+原级+as…notas(so)+原级+as…比较级+than…the+最高级+…in(of)…Which(who)…+比较级,…or…?Which(who)…+最高级,…or…?初步掌握much,alittle等副词修饰形容词，副词比较等级的用法。理解常用同义副词在用法上的区别。如：also,too,either,already,yet等。形容词：用来说明或修饰_________、_____________的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：⑴作定语时放在名词的前面。如：a__________________________wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：Thepricesounds______________.(这个价格听起来算是合理)⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：Wemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironment__________.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)⑷后置的情况：①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：____________________hashappenedtohim.(他发生了严重的事故)②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：He’s1.8metres___________.(他身高1.8米。)Themoonisabout380,000kilometres_____________fromtheearth.(月球离地38万公里)3、有关形容词的用法辨析：⑴whole与all：记住两个词序：①thewhole+名词；②all(of)the+名词。如：Hewasbusy_________________________.(整个早晨他都很忙)Hecanremember________________________helearns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)16\n⑵tall与high,short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：He’svery__________/__________.(他个子高/矮)___________treesarestandingonbothsidesofthatavenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)Afewpeopleliveon___________mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)⑶real与true：real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。如：Thisisa____________diamond(钻石)andit’sveryexpensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵)--Isthat__________?—Yes.Ihearditwithmyownears.(那真实吗？是的,我亲耳所听)⑷interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如：Themanisvery_________________andallthechildrenlikehim.(这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)Thisbookis_______________andyoucanreallyenjoyyourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受)Iam______________inscience.(我对自然科学感兴趣)⑸such用法：such+a(n)+名词(单数)(+that从句)。如：Ihaveneverseen__________________boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩)Hehad_____________________thathecouldneverforgetit.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记)⑹good与well：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well.如：Doingsportsis_____________forus.(进行运动对我们有益)Study___________andmakeprogresseveryday.(好好学习,天天向上)--Howareyou?—Iamvery____________.(你好吗？我很好。)⑺nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Let’sgoandshare(分享)the__________cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧)Sheisa______girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘)Whata_________day!(多好的天气！)He’s_________recently(最近).(近来他身体不错)⑻toomuch与muchtoo：toomuch表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；muchtoo表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如：IamfullbecauseIhavehad________________rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭)Thatcoatis___________________dear.(那件大衣太贵了)⑼quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往指运动速度快,而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：Aftera__________breakfast,hehurriedtoschoolleavinghisbagathome.(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把书包忘记在家)Atrainismuch__________thanabus.(火车比公共汽车快得多)HisfatherwillbebacktoChinavery_____________.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)⑽lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。如：Helives___________buthedoesn’tfeel_____________.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)/Heisa__________person.Youcannoteasilygetonwellwithhim.16\n(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易)⑾other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,orelse表示“否则”,是连词。如：The__________studentsareontheplayground.(其他学生在操场上)Who________canworkoutthismathsproblem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题？)Thisisnobody________’smoney.It’smine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。)Doyouhaveanything________tosayforyourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗？⑿special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但special较为常用。另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。如：Shepays(e)specialattentiontoclothes.(她非常注重着装)Thesearespecialchairsforsmallchildren.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子)⒀gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。如：Myfever(高烧)is_________,butIstillhaveacough.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽)Theparentsfoundthe________childatlast.(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子)Mydictionaryis____________.Who’stakenitaway?(我的字典不见了,谁拿走了？)Formoredetailedinformation(详情)ofthemissinggirls,pleasevisitourwebsite(网址).(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站)⒁living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。living读[‘liviN]有三个意思：①“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,②“一模一样的、逼真的”,③相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；live读[laiv],指东西“活的”,可以替换为living；alive读[[‘laiv]作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；lively读[‘laivli]有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的,②(色彩)鲜艳的,③生动的、真实的。例如：Alivinglanguageshouldbelearnedorally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句)Wehavealivinghopethatyouwillsucceed.(我们强烈地希望你能成功)Isshestillalive?(她还活着吗？)/Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子)/Thisisalivefish.(这是条活鱼)/Alivewire(电线)isdangerous.(有电的电线是危险的)/Sheisaslivelyasakitten(小猫).(她像小猫一样可爱)/Hegavealivelydescriptionofthefootballmatch.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛)⒂sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。如：Hehasbeenill/sickforalongtimeandheisveryweaknow.(他病了很久,现在非常虚弱)Vetshelptreat___________petsandmostofthepets’ownerslikethem.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱)⒃thepoor(穷人们)/therich(富人们)等用法：“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。如：Wemusttryourbesttohelp______________.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们)_________________neverknowhow____________areliving.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)(17)other,theother,theothers,therest,another区别：1）other(adj)其他的，仅作定语，修饰复数名词。no/some/any/manyother可修饰单数或复数名词Canwesettlethisprobleminotherways?Youhavenootherchoicebuttowait.16\nIhavemanyotherquestionstoask.Pleasecometomyhomesomeothertime.2）another同类中另一个Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?Givemeanotherchance,please.Ineedanotherthreedollars=Ineedthreemoredollars.我还需要三美元。3）others泛指其他人，别人或其他东西，常与some对照使用，表示“有的…有的…”Itislikehertothinkofothers.SomepeoplebelieveinGod;othersdon’t.4）theother表示两者的另一个。Hehastwosons.Oneisthinandtheotherisfat.5）theothers/therest表示除去一部分其余的人或物。theothers代替可数名词；therest可代替可数或不可数名词。Someoftheboyswentswimming,whiletheotherslayonthebeach,bathedinsunlight.一些男孩去游泳，其余的躺在沙滩上沐日光浴。2、副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类：(见下表)时间副词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today,tomorrow,once,here,there,very,too,well,how,too,also,yesterday,now,twice,home,below,enough,hard,where,nor,so,then,early,late,always,anywhere,rather,quite,alone,when,as,on,off,once,soon,just,usually,above,outside,how,so,fast,why,either,tonight,long,often,in,inside,out,much,just,together,whetheryes,no,already,yet,before,sometimes,back,up,down,nearly,onlysuddenly,however,etc.not,neitherago,later,eversincenever,away,off,far,almost,hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after,whenever(seldom),near,nearby,aslongas等,的副词where,perhaps,first,someday,ever,wherevereven,all, why,howcertainly,sometime,last, everywhere,alittle,abit when, 2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：⑴作状语：①时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet16\n等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：WewillvisittheGreatWall_______________.(我们明天要去参观长城)Theyhave_____________beentotheUK________.(他们去过英王国两次)__________thelostboyfoundhiswaybackhome.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)①频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、threetimes等一般放在句尾。如：_____________Igetupearly.(我有时起得早)Theworkers____________havelunchatthefactory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭)Takethismedicine________________.(这种药一天吃两次)②方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Oldpeoplecanhardlywalkasquicklyasyoungpeople.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快)Suddenlyhesawalightinthedarkcave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)③地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：Thereyoucanseethousandsofbikesrunninginalldirections(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动)Thefrightenedwolfranaway.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)Hewalkedout_________andturnedbacksoon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)⑤程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：Inearlyforgotallaboutitifhedidnottellmeagain.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了)/ItwassostrangethatIcouldhardlybelievemyears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵)/Shegottothestation______________tocatchthefirstbus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)④疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：Whenandwherewereyouborn?(你何时何地出生？)/WhydidlittleEdisonsitonsomeeggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)Howdoyoudo?(你好！)⑤连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。HowIamgoingtokillthecatisstillaquestion.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/Thatiswhyeveryoneisafraidofthetiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因)Hewonderedhowhecoulddoitthenextday.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)⑥关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：ThisistheplacewhereMrZhangoncelived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)PleasetellmethewayhowyouhavelearnedEnglishsowell.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)⑨其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either“也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：HewenttothePalaceMuseumandIwentthere,__________.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了)_____________yourticketisinyourinsidepocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里)--Tomdoesn’thaveacomputer.–________doI.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)(2)作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：I’mverysorryheisn’t_________atthemoment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)16\nIhavebeen________frommyhometownfornearly20years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了)Jimisoverthere.(吉姆就在那边)(3)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：Peoplenowoftenhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴)Womentherewerelivingaterriblelifeinthe1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Putyourdirtysocksaway,Jim!Theyaregivingoutbadsmell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。)Fatherkepthiminanddoinghislessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)[注意]“动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：Hewrotedowntheword.(他写下了那个词。)→Hewroteitdown.(他把它写了下来。)3、有关副词的重要注释：⑴as…as…常构成一些词组：assoonas…(一旦…就…),aswellas…(同样),as+形容词/副词+aspossible(尽可能……地)。如：___________________________________________________(请你一到北京就给我写信。)_________________________________________________(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)[注释]“aslong/muchas+名词”可以表示“长达/多达…”的含义。如：Thehousecosts________________fivehundredthousandyuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)Theystayedinthecave(山洞)_______________twoweeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。)⑵later、after、ago、before的用法：①“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。②“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：Hehadanaccident____________.(一周前出了一个事故)________________,theboybecameaveryfamoussinger.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)Haveyoubeenthere_________?(你从前到过那儿吗？)__________afewyearshegaveupsmoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)⑶above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低处用over和under.如：Thestarsarehigh_________inthesky.(星星高挂在空中)Aplaneflew________quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。⑷too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；如：AreyouAmerican,_________?(你也是美国人吗？)HeisnothappyandIamnothappy,_________r.(他不愉快,我也不。)Hedidn’twatchthefootballgame.______didI.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)Youcan__________findthemarketisverygood.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。)16\n⑸enough、too、so、very、quite、verymuch的用法：enough(“足够,十分”)放在形容词或副词之后；too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前,verymuch(“非常”)放在动词之后。如：It’stoo/so/very/quiteexpensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)Idon’tlikesweetsverymuch.(我不很喜欢糖果)[注意]very与much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：Heis_________stupid.(他很笨)Thefilmwas______movingandeveryoneswept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)Youmustwork________harderoryouwillfailtoenterthegoodschool.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)Idon’tlikehim_______.(我不太喜欢他)⑹sometimes、sometime、sometimes、sometime的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、sometimes(数次)表示次数、sometime(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：__________________theygohikinginthemountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)Iwillstayhere____________.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)Iwillmeetyourfather________________.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)⑺how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what.如：__________afineday(itis)today!(今天天气真好！)______________difficult(theproblemis)!((问题)真难呀！)⑻already、yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Haveyoudoneitalready?(你已经做好了？)/Ihavenothadmybreakfastyet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。)⑼hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是：“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：TheystudyEnglishvery______________.(他们英语学得很刻苦)Youcan________seeapersonspitinapublicplace.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)⑽like...verymuch、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。如：Ilikebaseballverymuch.(我非常喜欢棒球)/Doyoulikebutterbetterthancheese?(/Theylikehamburgersbest.⑾“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法：记住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容词+名词;①too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;②rather+a+形容词+名词=a+rather+形容词+名词。如：Ihaveneverseensuch_____________(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙)Itisquite___________________forawalk.(这真是散步的好日子)⑿how的几个短语：howoften“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问；howsoon“多久以后”,用于将来时态；howlong“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；howmanytimes“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问；howmuch“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：________________________haveyoubeenlikethis?(你这样已经多久了？)________________doeshewashhisface?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？)⒀much、more与most的用法：16\n这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词,much表示“很”,修饰原级形/副,more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如：Thisparkis__________________thanthatone.(这个公园比那个漂亮多了)Itis_______________instructivefilmIhaveeverseen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影)⒁nomore、nolonger、not...anymore、no...anylonger的用法：表示时间,可以用nolonger、not...anymore、not...anylonger,而且nolonger只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用nomore、not...anymore.如：Henolongerlivedthere.(他不再住在那里)/Tomwantednomorecakes.(他不想再要蛋糕)/Hedidn’tsmokeanymore/longer.(他不再抽烟)⒂被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。Therunnerwasbadlyhurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤)/Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldtoday.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛)⒃too...to...与so...that...的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too...to...(“太.……以致不……”)是否定的结构,用于简单句；so...that...(“如此…以致…”)是肯定结构,用于复合句。如：Thechildis_______________________thearmy.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)Heis____________________hecanlifttheheavybox.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。)⒄既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early,late,long,last,next,first,near,enough,much,all,hard,alone,fast,slow,high,low,straight等等。如：Itwasa__________holiday.(那是个长假)/Hestayedtherevery_________(他在那儿呆了好久)Thinkhardthenyouwillfindaway.(好好想你就会找到办法)Heisaveryhard(难对付的)person.(他是个难玩的家伙)⒅farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为“更远、较远”,但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思,此时不能换为farther.如：Theydecidedtogofarther/furtherthenextday.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)Thisproblemwillbefurtherdiscussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)Everyoneofthemhadtheirfurtherstudiesaftertheyleftcollege.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修)⒆rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘：notnice(fairly)nicequiteniceratherniceverynice如：It’squiteanicefilm.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)/It’sratheranicefilm.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。⒇maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe“可能、也许”,比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly“可能地、或者、也许”,可能性较大,在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；perhaps“可能”,较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：Youcouldputitoverthere,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边)/Icouldn’tpossiblyhavefinishedsuchalongbookinsuchashort16\ntime.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/Ithoughtperhapsitwastheletteryouhavebeenexpecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)(21)most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”,作为副词时意思为“最,十分、很”；mostly仅为副词,意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如：IwasathomemostofthetimewhenIwasfree.(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Mostchildrenarenaughty.(大部分的孩子都淘气)/Thisisthemostexcitingpartofthefilm.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)Sheis_____________outonSundays.(星期天她一般不在家)(22)(be)worth、(be)worthyof的区别：worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰；worthyof表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：Whatisworth____________atallisworthdoingwell(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做).Thehouseis______￥300,000.(房子价值30万元)Thisbookiswell__________severaltimes.(这本书值得好好读几遍)Itisathing_____________beingseen.(这是一个值得看的东西)(23)almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近,都表示“几乎、将近”,大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly.almostno相当于hardlyany(几乎没有)。如：Hehaddone_____________today.(他今天几乎没有干什么)Wearealmost/nearlythere.(我们几乎就到那里了)Almostnobody/Hardlyanybodyunderstoodhiswords.(几乎没有人懂他的话)(24)abit与alittle的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。如：Thisdigitalcameraisabit(alittle)expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵)Itisalittle(abit)colderthanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷了点)另外,alittle可以直接加不可数名词,abit则采用“abit+of+名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。如：Ihavegotabitofacold.(我有点感冒)Goandgetalittlewaterforme,please.(请你去给我搞点水来)[注意]notabit(=notatall)意为“根本不”,而notalittle则意为“非常,不是一点”。3、形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more/most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,16\nbad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级+….如：______________.(他现在很老了)__________________.(它们跑得相当快)Theweatherlooks__________.(天气看上去相当糟)Iam_________!(我是如此的快乐)☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如：_________________________________________.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)____________________________________________(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)_____________________________________________(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如：____________________________________________(他没他妹妹那么兴奋)____________________________________________________(莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢)__________________________________________________________(他们摘的苹果不如农民多)(2)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/alittle/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：___________________________________________(现代的火车比轿车快多了)Thisbookdidn’tcostmemorethanthatone.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：IthinkEnglishis_____________________maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)Doyouthink____________________tolearnaforeignlanguage?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(the)+形容词/副词最高级+in/of….如：TheChangjiangRiveris____________________inChina.(长江是中国最长的河流)Hejumped(the)highestofthethree(boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)4、关于比较等级的重要注释：1、如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：Thiscaristhefastestofthefour.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)Thiscarruns(the)fastestofthefour.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。16\n如：Theweatherisgetting_______________________________.(天越来越温暖了)3、“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如：______________________________________________(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)_______________________________________________________(你越是努力,进步就越大)4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/alittle/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/any/no/one/two/many/several/alot等词。如：Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)Hedidnoteatanymore.(他没有再吃)5、morethan/lessthan分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,morethan=over;lessthan=under.如：IlivedinNewYorkformorethanfourmonths.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)6、“oneofthe+最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：Oneoftheoldesthouseshasbeenburntinafire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)7、“Which/Who+动词+形/副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：Whohasmorebooks,LinTaoorHanMei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)/Whichistheheaviest,apig,ahorseoranelephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the；含有all/none/noone/every等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如：--Doyoulikethesmallerone?—Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗？一个都不喜欢)/--Whichdoyoulikebest?–Allofthem!(你最喜欢哪个？全部。)巩固1.Welcometoourhotel.It’s__________inthecity.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest2.--IheartherewillbeaconcertofSunYanzi._____willitstart?--Intwodays.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Howfar3.Willyoupleasedrive______?Thetrainisleavingsoon.A.quickB.fasterC.slowlyD.moreslowly4.--Canyouunderstandme?--Sorry,Ican_____understandwhatyouhavesaid.A.hardlyB.almostC.nearlyD.easily5.Sharkisgettingoldandcannotjumpas______ashedid.A.highB.higherC.highestD.muchhigher6.--Ifeelreally______beforetheinterview--Takeiteasy.Sureyouarethebest.A.patientB.seriousC.nervousD.cool7.--WhydoesJoelookso_______today?--Becauseshehasgotan“A”inherEnglishtest.A.sadB.excitingC.angryD.happy8.--Nowtheairinourhometowniseven_______thanitwasbefore.--Sowemustdosomethingtostopit.A.betterB.dirtyC.morebetterD.worse9.--______is“Lucky52”shownonCCTV-2?--Everyweek.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmanytimesD.Howsoon10.Allofthemcantakethisjob.ButIwanttoknowwhois_______.A.themostcarefulB.morecarefulC.carefulD.verycareful16\n11.Thefoodontheplatesmells______.Youcan'teatit.A.deliciousB.badlyC.wellD.bad12.—Mum,couldIhaveanMP3likethis?—Certainly,wecanbuy______one,butasgoodasthis.Thepriceofthiskindisalittlehigh.A.acheapB.acheaperC.asmallD.asmaller13.—______willyoubeaway?—Inacoupleofweeks.A.WhattimeB.HowsoonC.HowoftenD.Howlong14.Thisyearourschoolis____thanitwaslastyear.A.muchmorebeautifulB.muchbeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.beautiful15.–Isyourstomachachegetting__________?--No,it’sworse.A.betterB.badC.lessD.well16.Danielplayschess__________,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas17.Heilongjiangisinthe_______ofChina.A.northeastB.northeasternC.northwestD.northwestern18.TheexpertsthinkthatIndia'spopulationmaybe_______thanChina's______2022.A.much；byB.more;inC.larger；byD.larger；on19.Itis______niceofyoutosayso.A.trulyB.trueC.reallyD.real20.Yourclassroomissodirty.Everyoneshouldkeepit______.A.dryB.openC.cleanD.quiet21.Chinaisvery_______theGreatWallandpandas.A.famousasB.famousforC.readytoD.readyfor22.Wecandotheworkbetterwith____moneyand____people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.less,lessD.fewer,fewer23.—Dick,IsNickyourtwinbrother?—Yes,andI’mthirtyminutes_______thanhim.A.fatterB.tallerC.heavierD.older24.Sheparkedhercaroutsidethewindow_______,butthenextmorningshefounditmissing.A.asusualB.atleastC.sofarD.atall25.─Thisboxis___heavyformetocarry.Canyouhelpme?─Certainly.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too26.─Whatdoyouthinkofhisspeech?─Oh,wonderful,Buthissoundreally____whenhefirststartedspeaking.A.aloudB.worriedC.nervousD.quiet27.MissSmith,amannamedJohnphonedyou_____.Heaskedyoutocallbackhim.A.nowandthenB.justnowC.rightnowD.fromnowon28.–Whatdoyouthinkofthebridge?–Ihaveneverseen________before.A.soalongoneB.solongoneC.suchalongoneD.asuchlongone29.PremierWen(温总理)is_____.Hesaidhewouldstayuptowatchthisyear’sWorldCupmatches.A.afootballfanB.oversixtyC.interestedinmusicD.goodat16\nwriting30.---Youlook______today,Julia!---Yeah,I’vegotanMP3.It’sabirthdaypresentfrommyparents.A.sadB.worriedC.happyD.tried31.Insomeforeigncountries,suchasCanada,childrenusuallyleavetheirparentswhentheygrowup.Itmakestheoldfeel________..
A.aloneB.lonelyC.frightenedD.enjoyable32.--Whichis_______,thesun,themoon,ortheearth?--Ofcoursethesunis.A.smallerB.thesmallestC.biggerD.thebiggest33.ThoughthefamousdancerTanLihua,isdeaf,shedances_____mostofthepeople.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.bestamongD.betterthan34.---Youborrowedsomemoneyfrommelastyear,MrGreen.---DidI?______didyoulendme?A.HowmanyB.HowlongC.HowmuchD.Howsoon35.Itisquitehotthesedays.Andtodayis_______thosedays.A.hotB.hotterC.ashotasD.thehottest36.Thepriceofthiscomputeristhe______ofthethree.A.smallestB.biggestC.highestD.tallest提高形容词1、Thisisan____book.A.interestB.interestingC.interestedD.interestedly2、Theteacheris____tocome.A.thecertainB.willC.certainD.still3、Iam____thanhim.A.moretallB.tallerC.tallestD.mosttall4、Thisroomis____asthatone.A.sobigB.asbigC.bigD.bigger5、YourEnglishis____good.A.prettyB.muchC.farD.still6、Heis____ofusthree.A.thetallestB.tallestC.tallerD.tall7、Beijingisoneof____citiesoftheworld.A.thelargestB.largeC.largestD.larger8、Now______youngpeoplegotocollegetofinishtheirhigheducation.A.moreandmoreB.muchandmuchC.manyandmanyD.lessandless9、________youeat,_______youwillbe.A.Themore,thefatterB.Themore,thefatC.Themore,thefattestD.More,fatter10、Thisnewroomis________theoldone.A.fourtimesasbigasB.fourtimesbigasC.fourtimesbiggerasD.asbigasfourtimes11、Thisnewroomis________theoldone.A.fourtimesbiggerthanB.fourtimesbiggerasC.fourtimesbiggerasD.asbiggerasfourtimes12、Chinaislargerthan________inAsia.A.anyothercountriesB.anyothercountry16\nC.anycountriesD.anyoftheothercountry13、Thisbookis________ofthetwo.A.interestingB.themoreinterestingC.moreinterestingD.mostinteresting14、Whichfilmis________,thisoneorthatone?A.interestingB.themoreinterestingC.moreinterestingD.mostinteresting15、Ihaveneverhearda____voice.A.goodB.bestC.betterD.well16、________inourschoollikeplayingfootball.A.MostofboysB.MostoftheyC.MostoftheboysD.Oneoftheboys17、________inourschoolisclevererthanTom.A.NostudentsB.NootherstudentsC.NootherstudentD.Notallstudent18、________inyourclass?A.WhoisthetallestB.WhoisthetallerC.IswhothetallestD.Whichisthetallest19、Isthere________inthebook?A.anythinginterestingB.interestinganythingC.somethinginterestingD.interestingsomething20、Mylittlebrotheris________togotoschool.A.oldenoughB.enougholdC.olderenoughD.enougholder21、Doyouhave________tosay?A.somethingelseB.elsesomethingC.anythingelseD.elseanything22、Thisfilmiswonderful.It________watching.A.worthsB.worthC.isworthD.isworthing23、Ihave____inkinmypen.A.anyB.notC.noD.noa24、Ihave________shirt.A.anewyellowfineB.ayellowfinenewC.afinenewyellowD.anewfineyellow25、Itisverykind________.A.ofyoutohelpmeB.ofyouhelpingmeC.foryouhelpingmeD.foryoutohelpme26、Itisveryimportant________.A.ofmetoknowherB.ofmeknowingherC.formeknowingherD.formetoknowher27、Thisnewsis____;weare____deeply.A.surprising,surprisingB.surprised,surprisedC.surprised,surprisingD.surprising,surprised28、My____brotheristwoyears____thanI.A.elder,elderB.older,olderC.older,elderD.elder,older29、____richshouldhelp____poor.A.The,aB.A,aC.The,theD.A,the30、Themealsmells____.A.wonderfullyB.eatwellC.wonderfulD.good31、Ihaveneverseen________beautifulgirl.A.suchB.soC.suchaD.soa32、Theparkis____frommyhouse,butI____neverpassit.A.near,nearB.nearly,nearlyC.near,nearlyD.nearly,near33、The____studentdidnotcometoschoolyesterday.16\nA.sickB.illC.sicknessD.illness34、Ifitis____tomorrow,wewillgototheGreatWall.A.fineB.goodC.wellD.nice副词1、Youshoulddoyourhomework____nexttime.A.carefullyB.morecarefullyC.mostcarefullyD.themostcarefully2、He____toschoolatseven?A.oftengoB.gooftenC.goesoftenD.oftengoes3、Hehas____visitedtheschool.A.alreadyB.yetC.stillD.often4、Hestillworksatthedeskuntil____everynight.A.latestB.lastC.latelyD.late5、Hewasthreehourslaterthan____.A.usuallyB.usualC.moreusuallyD.moreusual6、Tomis____fat.A.ratherB.fewC.littleD.fairly7、I____wantsomecoffee.A.tooB.alsoC.aswellD.either8、Tomwashereafewminutes____.A.agoB.beforeC.lastD.late9、Thenewsthattheteamwonmadehim____excited.A.suchB.quiteC.tooD.so10、Onmyway____,Ilostmywallet.A.tohomeB.forhomeC.homeD.athome11、Thetimewillcomeback____.A.nomoreB.notmoreC.nolongerD.notlonger12、Thebuildingwasrepaired____.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.afterlongD.longafter13、Icould____believemyeyes.A.hardB.hardlyC.harderD.hardest14、Pleasesitdown____tome.A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing15、Heistootired,andcan'tgoastep____.A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.longer16、HewenttoBeijing____.A.lonelyB.longC.alongD.alone17、It's____midnight.A.nearB.nearlyC.nearerD.far1.---Mum,couldIhaveanMP3likethis?---Certainly,wecanbuy___one,but___thisA.acheap,asgoodB.acheaper,asgoodasC.acheapest,betterD.thecheapest,asbetteras2.Youmaybe___ifyouhavea____problem.A.exciting,excitedB.excited,excitingC.worrying,worriedD.worried,worrying3.Doyouthinkmathsis____foreignlanguage?A.moredifficultB.lessdifficultC.asdifficultasD.themostdifficult16\n4.–Tomissixandheis___hissisterJane.HowoldisJane?--Six.A.twiceasoldasB.twoyearsolderthanC.threeyearsyoungerthanD.asoldas5.Weshouldkeepoureyes___whiledoingeyeexercises.A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened6.It’s___toteachamanfishingthantogivehimfish.A.moreB.betterC.goodD.best16
