（十二）句子的类型Ⅱ复合句01命题趋势考标导向化近几年对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句(包括直接引语与间接引语的互换)、状语从句和定语从句。预计2022年对宾语从句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态，状语从句中连词的选择和时态；对定语从句的考查重点是关系代词的选用。02定义概念清晰化1.宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，常考的引导词有that,if,whether,what,which,when,where,how,why等，宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。2.直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出；间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。3.在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句，在句中起到状语的作用。常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when,while,before,not…until等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless,aslongas等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导)、结果状语从句(由sothat,so…that…等引导)、目的状语从句(由inorderthat等引导)、让步状语从句(由though,although等引导)。4.定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫做先行词，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用的关系代词有who,whose,that,which,关系副词有when,where,why等。03知识归类知识网络化❶宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语分类图解用法例句当宾语从句或间接引语是由陈述句转换而来时，用that来引导从句或间接引语，其中的that无具体意义，一般可以省略。Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.Hesaid(that)thebankwasnearthehotel.当宾语从句或间接引语是由一般疑问句转换而来时，用if或whether来引导从句或间接引语，意思是“是否”。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldjoinus.Hewonderedif/whethertheworkershadfinishedthework.当宾语从句或间接引语是由特殊疑问句转换而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句或间接引语的引导词。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。Doyouknowwhobrokethedoor?Sheaskedmewhosepenthatwas.特例清单1.当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时，引导词用if或whether，如果从句中有ornot或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.我不知道他是否会来。Sheisworriedaboutwhetheritistrue.她正担心着这件事是否是真的。2.宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。主句为一般过去时，则从句必须用过去的某种时态。如：Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步该做什么。4.直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask,order等)sb.(not)todosth.”句型。如：“Don’tmakeanynoise.”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetoldthechildrennottomakeanynoise.“不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。5.在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。6.直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化。具体见下表：5\n【题组训练】()1.(2022·金华)—Jimmy，the2022FIFAWorldCupiscoming.Doyouknow______thefirstmatchwillbeon?—OnJune13th.A.howB.whereC.whyD.when()2.(2022·安徽)—It’ssolate.Whynotwritethereporttomorrow?—ButIdon’tknow________Icandoitifnotnow.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where()3.(2022·昆明)—Excuseme，couldyoupleasetellme_____?—Yes，thereisahistorymuseum.A.howoftendoyougotothehistorymuseumB.arethereanygoodmuseumsinKunmingC.howlongittakestogettothehistorymuseumD.ifthereareanygoodmuseumsinKunming()4.(2022·镇江)—Granny，theschooltripwasveryexcitingbutalittletiring.—Oh，couldyoutellme________?A.howdidyougototheparkB.whatyoudidinthetripC.thatyousawsomethingbeautifulD.ifyourfriendshadplayedwithyou()5.(2022·十堰)—Couldyoupleasetellme_______?—Ofcourse.ManypeopleinShiyanknowit.A.whereisMountWudangB.howcanIgettoWulongRiverC.whatisShennongjiafamousforD.iftherewillbeanewairportinShiyan❷状语从句分类图解分类连接词例句时间状语从句when/while/as,before,after,since,until,assoonasShewascookingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.HeoftenwenttotheconcertwhilehestayedinBerlin.Ididn’tgotobeduntilshecameback.条件状语从句if,aslongas,unlessI’llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.TheywillhaveapicnicunlessitrainsnextSunday原因状语从句because,since,as,forHedidn’tcatchthefirstbusbecausehegotuptoolate.Weshouldstudyhardsincewearestudents.目的状语从句sothat,inorderthatPleasesayitinaloudvoicesothateveryonecanhearit.结果状语从句sothat,so…that/such…thatIt’ssohotthatwewanttogoswimming.Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveitaway.让步状语从句though/although,even,ifAlthoughit’sraininghard,theyarestillworkinghardinthefield.比较状语从句than,as…as,notas/so…asHeranasfastasMike.【题组训练】()6.(2022·重庆)I’dliketohaveatry，_____Imayfail.A.sinceB.thoughC.untilD.after5\n()7.(2022·杭州)Insummermilkwillquicklygobad____itisputintoafridge.A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.once()8.(2022·德州)—Areyougoingout，Mike?It’sreallylatenow.—It’sthelastdaytobuyticketstothe2022FIFAWorldCupinBrazil，_______Imustgonow.A.ifB.orC.soD.though()9.(2022·济宁)Lauraopenedthedoorandrushedintotherain_____Icouldstopher.A.untilB.afterC.beforeD.unless()10.(2022·广州)Mumsays_____Idomyhomeworknow，IcanwatchTVforanhourtonight.A.ifB.thoughC.becauseD.while❸定语从句分类图解分类引导词例句关系代词who,whom,which,that,whoseThemanwhoisworkingthereismybrother.Thisisthebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.关系副词when,where,whyIstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.特例清单定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况：(1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。如：IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?我能为你做点什么吗？(2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that”。如：Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.这是我度过的最美好的时光。(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。(5)当先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpyouout.他是唯一能帮你的人。(6)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。(7)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。如：Whichisthebookthatheborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday?哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？【题组训练】()11.(2022·随州)—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I’mlookingforthebook_____youlentmeyesterday.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.不填()12.(2022·河南)“Underground”istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage_____-beginsandendswiththeletters“und”.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.whom()13.(2022·黄石)FirstLadyPengLiyuanwaswateringtheflowers______werenamed“Cathy”withDutchQueenMaxima.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whose()14.(2022·东营)WhensomeChinesewomenweredancingtoloudmusicinaparkinNewYork，thepeople_____livednearbycalledthepolice.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which()15.(2022·黄冈)—Inatextmessage，88meansBye-bye.—AndanotherexampleisF2F______standsforfacetoface.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.it04整合集训反馈层级化()1.—Doyouknowifourteam_____thematchtonight?—Itishardtosay.Iwilltellyoutheresultifourteam____.A.wins;winsB.willwin;willwin5\nC.wins;willwinD.willwin;wins()2.—Ibelieve_______Chineseastronautswillbeabletolandonthemoononeday.—Iagreewithyou.ButI’mnotsure_______wecanliveonit.A.that;ifB.that;thatC.if;thatD.if;if()3.—Areyousure_____LiMinghasflowntoLondon?—Yes.Isawhimoffattheairportjustnow.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.when()4.—I’mworriedabout_____IcanpasstheEnglishexam.—Don’tworry.I’msure_______youwillpassit.A.if;thatB.whether;thatC.that;ifD.that;whether()5.—Doctor,couldyoutellme______?—Oh,nothingserious.Hejusthasacold.Hewillbefinesoon.A.thattherewasanythingwrongwithmysonB.iftherewasanythingwrongwithmysonC.thatthereisanythingwithmysonD.ifthereisanythingwrongwithmyson()6.—Haveyoudecided_____you’llgotoHainan?—Notyet.Maybebyplane.A.whenB.howC.whereD.whether()7.—WhatdidJackaskyouaboutjustnow?—Heaskedmehowlong____whenIreachedthecinema.A.hadthefilmbeenonB.thefilmhadstartedC.thefilmhadbeenonD.hadthefilmended()8.—Couldyoutellme______?—Anengineer.Heworksinacomputercompany.A.whoyourfatherisB.whereyourfatherwasC.whatisyourfatherD.whatyourfatheris()9.—Hello,everyone!CanIjoinyou?—Sure,wearetalkingabout_________.A.whenshallwegotothecinemaB.howcanwegetthereC.whoshouldwegowithD.howwecanorganizethefarewellpartywell()10.—Ihearthatafamousdoctorwillcometoourcompany.—Doyouknow_________?A.whenwillhegiveatalkB.whenhewillarriveC.whatwillhetalkaboutD.howwillhecome()11.—Couldyoutellushowlong________?—Aboutthreedays.A.doesthesportsmeetinglastB.thesportsmeetingwilllastC.didthesportsmeetinglastD.willthesportsmeetinglast()12.Alenwantedtoknow______afteritgotoutoftheUFO.A.whatisthealiendoingB.whatthealienwoulddoC.wherewouldthealiengoD.wherethealienisgoing()13. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that ()14.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when()15.The letter is from my sister____is working in Beijing.A. which B. whenC. whom D. who()16.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what()17.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which()18.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathave5\nshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked()19.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked()20.___youstudyharder,you'llneverpassthefinalexam.A.IfB.UntilC.UnlessD.Except()21.___therewereonlyfivesoldiersleftatthefront,___theywentonfighting.A.Because;soB.If;andC.Though;butD.Though;/()22.Pleaseanswerthequestioninaloudenoughvoice___alltheclassmayhear.A.so,thatB.orC.inorderthatD.and()23.—ExcusemeCouldyouwakemeupwhenmyfriend____here?—Ofcourse.Butwestilldon'tknowwhenyourfriend_____here.A.comes;willcomeB.comes；comesC.willcome;comesD.willcome；willcome()24.—Ifourgovernment_____attentiontocontrollingfoodsafetynow,ourhealth_____indanger.A.won'tpay,isB.doesn'tpay,isC.won'tpay,willbeD.doesn'tpay,willbe()25Suzhouisnot____beautiful____Hangzhou.A.as;thanB.so;asC.even;thanD./;than5参考答案：(十二)句子的类型Ⅱ复合句题组训练1—5DBDBD6—10BBCCA11—15DBBAA整合集训1—5DAABD6—10BCDDB11—15BBAAD16—20BCAAC21—25DCADB5
