课时提能练(十六)必修4 Unit1 WomenofachievementA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Lucywasbetterat1．observation(observe)thanmostchildrenofhergeneration.ShehadintendedtobecomealawyerbutchangedhermindwhenshemetDr.Cooper,whowasdeliveringmedicalcoursestoalargecrowdofaudience.Cooperinspiredhertostudymedicineandsupportedhertoamedicalinstitute.Lucyisnowa2．specialist(special),workinginthe3．emergency(emerge)departmentofahospital.Herbeingconsiderateand4．modest(modesty)haswonhermuchrespectfromherpatients.The5．organization(organize)shefoundedhaslaunchedcampaignstohelpcutthedeathrateforchildrenunder12．Sheoftenconnectsher6．achievement(achieve)withDr.Cooper,addingthatthesameresponsibilitycreatesaverystrongbondbetweenthem.B(考查动词)Aconvincingspeech7．wasdelivered(deliver)byapsychologistatyesterday'sconference8．arguing(argue)abouthowparentingstylesaffectchildren'sbehaviour.Inhisopinion,childrenmustbepunishedwhentheyfail9．toobserve(observe)publicrulesandregulations.Ifachild10．behaves(behave)well,hedeservestobepraisedandrewardedthenandthere.Therearemanyexperts11．supporting(support)hisviewpoint,sayingthatkidswon'tlearnrightfromwrongifparentsdon't12．intend(intend)topunish.C(考查句型)Amancame13．flying(fly)roundthecornerandbumpedintome.HelookedsofamiliarthatImusthaveseenhimsomewhere.Suddenly14．ithitmethathewasjustthecriminalthepolicehadwanted.WhatshouldIdo?Tryingtostoporcatchhimmeant15．putting(put)mylifeatrisk.Fortunately,twopolicemenarrivedsoonandthemanwasarrested.Onlythen16．did(do)Ifeelmyheartbeatingfastandmylegstremblingslightly.Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有5处错误)ThesedaysIhavebeenkeptbusymakeafitnessprogramintendedfortheelderly.Oldpeopleworkoutinparksorsquaresinthemorningorevening.However,injuriesandevenheartattacksfrequenthappentothem.Obviously,theirexerciseactivities\ndoesn'tworkoutaswereexpected.Therefore,itisworthhelpingtheelderlygetproperlyinvolvedinphysicaltraining.Inmyprogram,professionalguidanceandadvancedequipmentsareofferedandindividualsafetyisguaranteed.【答案】 ThesedaysIhavebeenkeptbusyafitnessprogramintendedfortheelderly.Oldpeopleworkoutinparksorsquaresinthemorningorevening.However,injuriesandevenheartattackshappentothem.Obviously,theirexerciseactivitiesworkoutaswereexpected.Therefore,itishelpingtheelderlygetproperlyinvolvedinphysicaltraining.Inmyprogram,professionalguidanceandadvancedareofferedandindividualsafetyisguaranteed.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．在过去的几年里，中国在科学技术方面取得了巨大成就。Inthelastfewyears，Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinscienceandtechnology.2．我突然想起来我把雨伞忘在了公交车上。IthitmethatIhadleftmyumbrellaonthebus.3．尽管条件极其困难，我们必须坚持工作，直到取得成功。Wemustcarryonworkinguptillwesucceedinspiteoftheextremelydifficultconditions.4．只有通过努力你才能在学习上取得进步。Onlybyworkinghardwillyoumakeprogressinyourstudies.5．就在他要上床睡觉的时候，电话铃响了。Itwaswhenhewasabouttogotobedthatthetelephonerang.(强调句型)B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·开封市一模)I'mAmandaGorman.I'vebeencrazyaboutwritingpoetrysincethirdgrade.Afterpolishingupmyskillsforaboutadecadeandhavingjudgesreviewmypoetryandvideosofmyperformances，Iwasnamedthecountry'sYouthPoetLaureatein2017．I'vereadmyworkattheLibraryofCongress.It'sbeenanexcellentjourneyespeciallysinceIusedtohavetroublesayinghalfofthealphabet.\nMytwinsisterSarahandIwerebornveryprematurely，whichledtolotsofearinfections.Ididn'thaveasmuchluckasSarahandtheearinfectionsleftmewithaseverehearingproblem，makingitdifficulttounderstandspeech，whichcausedmetodevelopaspeechimpediment(障碍)．MysisterwouldhavetotranslatewhenIspokebecausepeoplehadnoideawhatIwassaying.Writingwasn'tjustfun；itwasawaytohavemyvoiceheardandtostopmefromfeelingpityformydisability.AndIwasdeterminedtoreadmypoetryinfrontofaudiences.Oursinglemomcouldn'talwaysaffordmedicalhelp.Sometimesshehadtochoose：ShallIputfoodonthetableormakesureAmandacansaythisword?Whenwecouldn'tpay，I'dspendaboutanhouradayrecordingmytalkingandcorrectingthemistakesagainandagain.Butpoetrywasaconstant.Ididn'tneedexpensivematerialstotrainmyselftobebetteratthat.Atage20，Istillsufferfromselfdoubt，butIhavegotanecklacewhichmygrandmothergaveme.WhenI'mnervousbeforeperforming，Iholditandsay，“Iamthedaughterofblackwriterswhofoughtfortheirfreedom，broketheirchainsandchangedtheworld.”Andusuallyaftersayingthat，I'mreadytogo.【语篇解读】 AmandaGorman因为早产而有听力方面的问题和随之导致的语言障碍，但她从小酷爱写诗，并一直坚持，在2017年获得了“青年桂冠诗人”的称号。1．WhywasthevisittotheLibraryofCongressspecialforAmanda?A．Becauseshereceivedabigawardafterthevisit.B．Becauseshewasinspiredtowritepoetrythere.C．Becauseshedidsomereadingfortheaudience.D．Becauseshesucceededinsayingthealphabetthere.C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“I'vereadmyworkattheLibraryofCongress.It'sbeenanexcellentjourneyespeciallysinceIusedtohavetroublesayinghalfofthealphabet”可知，国会图书馆之行对于Amanda来说很特别是因为她在那里朗读了自己的作品，故选C。]2．HowisSarahdifferentfromAmanda?A．Sarahisphysicallyhealthier.B．Sarahfindswritingmuchmorefun.C．Sarahlikespublicspeakingalotmore.D．Sarahdidn'thaveearinfectionsasababy.A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ididn'thaveasmuchluckasSarah”和“Mysisterwouldhavetotranslate”可推知，Sarah的身体状况要比Amanda好，故A项正确。]\n3．WhatdidAmandathinkofhermom?A．Hermomdidn'tlikesettingthetable.B．Hermomstruggledtosupportthefamily.C．Hermomshowedlittleconcernforher.D．Hermomwasgoodatcorrectinghermistakes.B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“Oursinglemomcouldn'talwaysaffordmedicalhelp...saythisword”可知，Amanda的母亲辛苦养家，故B项正确。]4．WhatcanweknowaboutAmandafromthelastparagraph?A．She'sablackwoman.B．She'salwaysconfident.C．Shehasmanynecklaces.D．Sheaimstochangetheworld.A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Iamthedaughterofblackwriters”可知，Amanda是一个黑人，故选A。]B(2020·湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)Havinganolderbrotherorsistercomeswithplentyofbenefits.Bigbrothersandsisterstendtolookoutfortheiryoungersiblings，anddespitetheoccasionalrockymoments，manysiblingshavelifelongcloserelationships.However，anewstudyfindstheinterestingdownside：childrenwitholderbrotherstakelongerwhenitcomestodevelopinglanguageskills.Thestudy，conductedbyagroupofresearchersinParis，France，buildsontheearlierresearchthathadalreadyestablishedthathavingoldersiblingsisassociatedwithpoorlinguistic(语言的)development.Now，researcherssaytheyhavecometoamorespecificconclusion：onlychildrenwitholderbrothersexhibittheselinguisticdifficulties.Onewouldassumethatchildrenwitholderbrotherswouldgrowuparoundmoreconversationonadailybasis，thusspeedinguptheirlanguagedevelopment.Yetresearcherssaysuchchildrenactuallytakelongerthantheirolderbrotherstobegindevelopingtheseskills.Researchersstudiedmorethan1，000childrenfromtheirbirthtotheageoffiveandahalfyearsold.Eachchild'slanguageskillsweretestedatages2，3，and5.5，usingtestsspeciallydesignedtomeasurenumerousaspectsoflanguagedevelopmentsuchasvocabulary，syntax(句法)，andverbalreasoning.Whattheresearchteamdiscoveredwassignificant：childrenwitholderbrothers\nhad，onaverage，atwomonthdelayintheirlanguagedevelopmentcomparedtochildrenwitholdersisters.Whenexplainingthisphenomenon，researchershaveproposedtwohypotheses(假设)．Thefirsthypothesisisthatoldersisterstendtotalkmoreoftenthanolderbrothers，whichwouldmakeupforparentspotentiallybeinglesspresentthantheywerefortheirfirstchild.Thesecondisthatoldersistersusuallycompetewiththeirsiblingslessthanolderbrothersfortheirparents'love.Sofar，thestudy'sauthorssaytheycan'tsayforcertainwhychildrenwitholderbrothershaveahardertimedevelopinglanguageskills.Inthefuturetheywouldliketoinvestigateifculturesorlocationsimpacttheresultsofthestudy.【语篇解读】 有一个哥哥或姐姐有很多益处，哥哥和姐姐倾向于照顾他们的弟弟妹妹，但一项新的研究发现，有哥哥的孩子的语言能力发展比较慢。5．Peoplemayenjoyhavingbrothersandsistersbecause________．A．siblingsmayaffectthespeedoflanguagelearningB．theysharethehappymomentsonrockymountainsC．olderbrothersandsisterswilltakecareofyoungeronesD．allsiblingswillstayclosetoeachothernomatterwhathappensC [推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“Bigbrothersandsisterstendtolookoutfortheiryoungersiblings”可知，哥哥和姐姐往往会照顾他们的弟弟、妹妹，由此可推知，很多人可能喜欢有哥哥、姐姐，是因为哥哥、姐姐们会照顾弟弟、妹妹。故选C。]【干扰项分析】 根据文章第一段最后一句的表述可知，一项新的研究表明拥有哥哥的孩子，语言能力发展需要更久的时间，这是有哥哥不好的一面，不应该是人们喜欢有哥哥的原因，故排除A项；根据第一段第二句中的“despitetheoccasionalrockymoments，manysiblingshavelifelongcloserelationships”可知，尽管偶尔会有关系难以维持的时刻，但许多兄弟姐妹一生都保持着亲密的关系，故B、D两项表述错误。6．Whatdoesthepreviousresearchsuggestabouthavingoldersiblings?A．Manychildrenpreferhavingbrothersandsisters.B．Itwillaffecttheyoungerone'slanguagedevelopment.C．Olderbrothersmayhavesomethingtodowiththelinguisticdifficulties.D．Childrenwitholderbrotherswouldgrowuparoundmoreconversationonadailybasis.B [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“theearlierresearchthathadalreadyestablishedthathavingoldersiblingsisassociatedwithpoorlinguistic(语言的)development”可知，之前的研究表明，有哥哥姐姐与语言能力发展不良有关。故选B。]\n7．Whydochildrenwitholderbrothersexperiencethedelayinlanguagedevelopment?A．Probablybecauseolderbrothersareeagerformoreattention.B．Probablybecauseparentstendtofocusmoreonthefirstchild.C．Probablybecausechildrenwitholderbrothersareusuallylesscompetitive.D．Probablybecauseoldersistersgetlesslovefromtheirparentscomparedtoolderbrothers.A [推理判断题。根据第六段第三句“Thesecondisthatoldersistersusuallycompetewiththeirsiblingslessthanolderbrothersfortheirparents'love”可知，对于有哥哥的孩子语言能力发展比有姐姐的慢这个现象的原因，研究人员提出的第二个假设是，为了得到父母的爱，姐姐们通常比哥哥们更少地与弟弟妹妹竞争。由此可推知，哥哥们渴望得到更多的关注。故选A。]8．Whichoneisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Havingoldersiblings：agoodthingoradisaster?B．Thedelayofyourchildren'slanguagedevelopmentC．Whydochildrensufferfrompoorlanguageskills?D．OlderbrothersmayaffectyoungeronesinlanguagelearningD [标题判断题。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现——有哥哥的孩子的语言能力发展要比有姐姐的孩子慢。文章第一段介绍了该研究的发现，第二至第七段详细介绍了该研究的过程、发现及对这种现象发生原因的假设，故D项最适合作本文标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·湖北八校第一次联考)LastSunday，therewasnodirtintheair，onlybrightspringsunshineandaclearbluesky.Intheafternoon，PapaheadedouttothefieldtocheckonthecattlewhileMamastartedcleaningthehouse.FayeandIplayedintheyard.Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped—itfeltgood.The1hadbeenbuildingsincedawn.ThenMamashoutedfromthe2，“Iris，youandFayegetinsidequicklynow！”Ilookedtothewestandsawahugecloudofblack3，likethicksmokefromarailwayengine'schimney.Allthebirdsflewaway.“Faye，gowithMama！”I4．“I'llwarnPapa.”Fayerantowardthehouse.ThesandstormhitsofastthatI5sawherclimbtheporch(门廊)steps.Inashorttime，thedayturnedintonight.I6forPapa\n，hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback.Thedirtandsandstungmyfacelikeathousandbees.Ineededtogettoashelter.7myfacewithonehand，Imademywaytowardthecarandopenedthedoor.DirtflewinwithmeasIpulledthedoorclosed.Papawasstilloutthere!Ineededtohelphim8thecar.Isearchedthedashboard(仪表板)andfoundtheswitchforthefront9．Theymadesomerays，butwouldPapaseetheminthethick10?Ipushedthehorn(喇叭)againandagain，hopingPapawouldhearit.11，Papa'sfaceappearedatthewindow.Myheartjumpedwithsurpriseand12.Heopenedthedoorandclimbedontotheseatnexttome.Hecoughedandwipedhiseyeswithdirtyhands，thenpulledmeintohisarms.“Oh，Iris，you're13.”IhuggedPapaand14．Icouldfeelthetearsstreamingdownmydirtycheeks.Papa15myfaceandasked，“YourmotherandFaye？”Isaid，“Theyareinthehouse.”Papanodded，“Good.We'llwaitoutthesandstormhere.”Papashutoffthecar'slightsandIworriedthedirtwould16us.Finally，thewinddieddownandtheduststartedto17．Papakickedagainstthedoor，openingitfarenoughtoletusout.WewenthomeasMama18out.“Mama！”Ishoutedandranintoherarms.“Oh，mypreciousIris！”Mamacried.“YouandPapaaresafe！”“I'msafe19Iris，”Papasaid.“Thecar'shornledmetotheshelter.”“I'msoproudofyou，”Mamasaidtome.Icriedevenmorethen，butthetearsIshedweretearsofjoybecauseourfamilyhad20thehorriblesandstorm.【语篇解读】 一个晴朗的春日下午，作者的父亲去牧场查看牛的情况，母亲开始打扫房子，作者和妹妹在院子里玩耍。这时气温骤降，一场沙尘暴将至，作者让妹妹到屋里去和妈妈在一起，自己则去提醒父亲。接着，作者找到自家的车，把前车灯打开，并一遍遍地按喇叭，最终父亲听到喇叭声回到了车里。最后，一家人平安地渡过了沙尘暴。1．A.sandB．thunder C．heat D．snowC [根据前一句“Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped—itfeltgood”和语境可推知，从黎明开始气温一直在上升。]2．A.school B．house C．field D．car\nB [根据上文中的“Mamastartedcleaningthehouse”和本句中的“Iris，youandFayegetinsidequicklynow！”可推知，当时妈妈正在打扫房子，她应该是从屋里喊在院子里玩耍的Iris和Faye，让她们进屋里。]3．A.fog B．gas C．steam D．dustD [根据本句中的“likethicksmokefromarailwayengine'schimney”，并与下文中的“Thedirtandsandstungmyfacelikeathousandbees”呼应可推知，作者当时朝西边看，看到一大团黑色的灰尘。]4．A.stated B．complained C．suggested D．shoutedD [根据语境以及“Faye，gowithMama！”并与上文中的“ThenMamashouted”呼应可推知，作者看到一大团黑色的灰尘，察觉到不对劲，就大声对妹妹说话，让妹妹进屋里和妈妈待在一起。]5．A.hardly B．constantlyC．really D．surprisinglyA [根据本句中的“Thesandstormhitsofast”可知，沙尘暴来得很快，以至于作者几乎看不见妹妹爬门廊前的台阶。]6．A.screamedB．waited C．looked D．searchedA [根据本句中的“hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback”可推知，作者当时应是大声喊她的爸爸。]7．A.CleaningB．Touching C．Covering D．RubbingC [根据上文中的“Thedirtandsandstungmyfacelikeathousandbees”可推知，当时沙尘暴很恶劣，作者应是用一只手遮着自己的脸，朝车走去。]8．A.fix B．find C．recognize D．driveB [根据前一句“Papawasstilloutthere！”可知，爸爸不在车里，因此作者需要帮助他在沙尘暴中找到自己所待的这辆车。]9．A.lights B．handles C．wheels D．windowsA [根据空后的“Theymadesomerays”，并结合本句中的“Isearchedthedashboard(仪表板)”可推知，作者搜寻仪表板，找到了前车灯的开关，这也与下文中的“Papashutoffthecar'slights”呼应。]\n10．A.smoke B．darkness C．forest D．atmosphereB [根据上文中的“Inashorttime，thedayturnedintonight”可推知，作者虽然把前车灯打开了，但是不确定在沙尘暴所造成的昏天暗地中父亲是否能看到灯光。]11．A.Curiously B．Disappointedly C．Suddenly D．UnexpectedlyC [根据下文中的“Myheartjumpedwithsurprise”可推知，在作者想办法让父亲找到车时，父亲的脸突然出现在车窗上，这让作者大吃一惊，同时也感到宽慰(relief)。]12．A.relief B．warmth C．excitementD．braveryA [参见上题解析。]13．A.handsome B．cautious C．safe D．impressiveC [根据前一句中的“pulledmeintohisarms”和下文中的“YouandPapaaresafe！”以及语境可推知，在沙尘暴这种恶劣的环境下，作者的父亲担心作者的安全，因此到车里后，感慨道作者是平安的。]14．A.smiled B．whispered C．relaxed D．criedD [根据空后一句“Icouldfeelthetearsstreamingdownmydirtycheeks”可推知，作者当时抱着父亲哭了。]15．A.glaredat B．lookedat C．sweptoverD．reachedforB [根据语境可知，父亲确定作者安全之后，看着作者的脸询问母亲和妹妹的状况。]16．A.bury B．leave C．hurt D．poisonA [根据语境可知，当时沙尘暴很大，而且昏天暗地，所以，当父亲关掉车灯后，作者担心灰尘会把他们遮盖住。]17．A.spread B．multiply C．settleD．doubleC [根据本句中的“Finally，thewinddieddown”可知，终于风力逐渐减弱，沙土开始平静下来(settle)。]18．A.walkedB．slippedC．laughed D．dashedD [根据下文中的“Ishoutedandranintoherarms”和“YouandPapaare\nsafe！”可推知，妈妈很担心作者和作者的父亲，因此当他们回到家时，妈妈正从家里冲出来。]19．A.ratherthan B．apartfrom C．thankstoD．otherthanC [根据后一句“Thecar'shornledmetotheshelter”和下文中的“I'msoproudofyou”可推知，作者的父亲对作者的母亲说多亏了作者他才能安全地回来。]20．A.survivedB．defeated C．experiencedD．causedA [根据语境可知，作者听到妈妈的赞扬后哭得更厉害了，但作者流下的泪水是喜悦的泪水，因为他们一家人经历了这次可怕的沙尘暴却安全无恙。]
