专题十 状语从句和并列句常考点状语从句是一项较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。掌握状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。 状语从句中从属连词when，while，as的多种含义when：当……时候；就在那时；既然；虽然；在……之后；as：一边……一边；随着；虽然；因为；依照，如……；while：在……期间；而；虽然。用when，while和as填空：①Hewilltakemyplace________Iamaway.②Iwashavingmylunch________thefirealarmwentoff.③________youhavefinishedyourwork，youmayhavearest.④________heswam，hecriedforhelp.⑤________theInternetisofgreathelp，Idon'tthinkitgoodtospendtoomuchtimeonit.【答案】①while ②when ③When ④As ⑤While as引导让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句时要倒装，若是倒装，需将所强调的成分即名词(句首名词不能有任何冠词)、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。[注]①though引导状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，although不能引起倒装。②as，though，although引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but，但可以和still，yet连用。完成下列句子：①________________(虽然他是个孩子)，heknowswhatistherightthingtodo.②________________(虽然他工作很努力)，heneverseemedabletodotheworksatisfactorily.③_______________(虽然你可能失败)，youshouldnevergiveup.【答案】①Childasheis ②Hardasheworked ③Failasyoumay before的用法\n注意判断before在状语从句中的含义：才；就；趁……没有；还没来得及；宁可……也不；不知不觉。1.判断下列各句中before的含义：( )①Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.( )②Wehadn'trunamilebeforehefelttired.( )③Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.( )④BeforeIcouldgetinaword，hehadmeasuredme.( )⑤Shewoulddiebeforeshe'dgivein.( )⑥Threemonthswentbybeforeweknewit.2.区别以下句型：用before，that，since，when填空：①It'sthreedays________hereturnedhome.②Itwasthreedays________hereturnedhome.③Itwillbethreedays________hereturnshome.④Itwasthreedayslater________hereturnedhome.⑤Itwasthreeo'clock________hereturned.【答案】1.①才 ②就 ③趁……没有④还没来得及 ⑤宁可……也不 ⑥不知不觉2.①since ②before ③before ④that ⑤when[注]解答此类题目关键有三点：首先要确定是不是强调句，当我们把itis/was以及连接词去掉时，剩余部分若能构成一个完整的句子，就是强调句，这时连词用that；否则，就要考虑它的句式特点。其次要看是时间段还是时间点。再次是连接词前后的时态。当确定为时间段时，连接词前后时态不一致，用since；时态一致，用before；当确定为时间点时，强调句就用that，否则就用when。 where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别和联系where引导定语从句时，相当于in/at/towhich；where引导状语从句时，相当于in/at/totheplacewhere...如：Pleasemakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveaquestion.(定语从句)Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.(状语从句)①Helivesinthequietsmallvillage________Iworkedtenyearsago.②Helivesin________iscalledtheFairyLandOutsideoftheWorld.＝Helivesintheplace________iscalledtheFairyLandOutsideoftheWorld.③—Mum，whatdidyourdoctorsay?—Headvisedmetolive________theairisfresher.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where④________othersareweak，heisstrong.\nA.WhereB.IntheplaceC.WhichD.While【答案】①where ②what；that/which ③D ④A unless的用法unless意为“除非；如果不”，相当于if...not。①Mostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees，but________theyhaveeggsoryoungchicks，theydon'tuseanest.A.why B.howC.unless D.where②Youmustkeeponworkingintheevening，________youaresureyoucanfinishthetaskintime.A.asB.ifC.whenD.unless③Wewon'tkeepwinninggames________wekeepplayingwell.A.becauseB.unlessC.whenD.while④Intimeofseriousaccidents，________weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid，wecansavelives.A.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless【答案】①C ②D ③B ④C so...that...和such...that...引导结果状语从句的区别①so＋形容词/副词＋that...so＋形容词＋a(n)＋名词＋that...②such＋a(n)＋形容词＋名词＋that...such＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋that...[注]so/such...that...放在句首时要倒装。完成下列句子：①Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.＝Heis________________thatweallrespecthim.＝So________________thatweallrespecthim.＝Such________________thatweallrespecthim.②Hemade________rapidprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.＝Hemade________muchprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.【答案】①sogoodateacher；goodateacherishe；agoodteacheris\nhe ②such；so注意句型：①表示目的状语的几种表达：Hegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlysoastocatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.②Hishumourwassuchastomakeusalllaugh.＝Hewassohumourousastomakeusalllaugh. “一……就……”的表达法“一……就……”的表达法有：assoonas，hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...，themoment/minute/second/instant，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./doing。完成下列句子：他一到达车站，汽车就发动了。__________(连词)hearrivedatthestation，thebusstarted.＝________(连词)hadhearrivedatthestationwhenthebusstarted.＝________(连词)hadhearrivedatthestationthanthebusstarted.＝________(副词)hearrivedatthestation，thebusstarted.＝________(名词)hearrivedatthestation，thebusstarted.＝________(介词)hisarrivalatthestation，thebusstarted.【答案】Assoonas；Hardly/Scarcely；Nosooner；Immediately/Directly/Instantly；Themoment/minute/second/instant；Upon/On 注意倍数的表达倍数放在形容词或副词的原级、比较级或名词前。如：①Thisriveristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.Thisriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.Thisriveristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.②Ihavetwiceasmanybooksashehas.Ihavetwiceasmuchmoneyashehas.完成下列句子：①这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。Theroomis________________________asthatone.Theroomis________________thanthatone.Theroomis________________________ofthatone.\n②Theincomeofthisyearistwice________oflastyear.Theincomeofthisyearistwice________itwaslastyear.【答案】①twiceasbig；twicebigger；twicethesize ②that；what until/till的用法until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。如：Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.[注]否定句可用另外两种句式表示。①肯定句：She________(sleep)untilmidnight.否定句：She________(arrive)untilmidnight.②Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhefinishedhiswork.＝____．(倒装句)＝____．(强调句)【答案】①slept；didn'tarrive ②Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegotobed；Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhisworkthathewenttobed 状语从句中的常用连词和特殊连词从句类型常用连接词特殊连接词时间状语从句when，while，as，before，after，since，till，until，assoonas一些时间名词：themoment，theinstant，theminute，theday，nexttime，everytime，thefirsttime，thelasttime一些副词：instantly，immediately，directly固定搭配的连词：nosooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when地点状语从句wherewherever，anywhere原因状语从句because，since，as，forseeingthat，consideringthat，giventhat，inthat，nowthat，forthereasonthat目的状语从句(so)that，inorderthatlest，forfearthat，incase结果状语从句so/such...that，sothattothe/suchadegreethat，tothe/suchanextentthat条件状语从句if，unless，aslongassuppose，supposing，providing，provided，onconditionthat让步状语从句although，though，eventhough，evenifwhile(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒装结构)，wh－ever＝nomatterwh－，whether...or...\n比较状语从句as，thanthemore...，themore...方式状语从句as，asif/thoughthe(same)way，AistoBwhatCistoD①Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse________thereisapowerout. A.ifB.unlessC.incaseD.sothat②Myparentsdon'tmindwhatjobIdo________Iamhappy.A.eventhoughB.assoonasC.aslongasD.asthough【答案】①C ②C 状语从句的省略现象当when，while，if，unless，as，though，asif，asthough等引导时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句时，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或虽不一致，是it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语＋be”部分。if，unless，when，though，once，asif等连词后用－ing表示主动，－ed表示被动；asif后如表示目的，则用todo表示。[注]after，before，since，without后接beingdone表示被动。完成下列句子：①____________(如果有必要的话)，I'llexplaintoyouagain.②Although________(lack)money，theysenttheirchildrentoschool.③When____________(complete)，thehallcanhold2，000people.④Hestoppedasif____________(see)ifsomeonefollowedhim.【答案】①Ifnecessary ②lacking ③completed ④tosee however和whatever引导状语从句的区别however后接形容词或副词，相当于nomatterhow；而whatever后接名词，相当于nomatterwhat。用however，whatever填空：①________difficultitmaybe，youshouldn'tgiveup.________difficultiesyoumaycomeacross，youshouldn'tgiveup.\n________manydifficultiesyoumaycomeacross，youshouldn'tgiveup.②Youcandress________youlike.Youcanwear________youlike.【答案】①However；Whatever；However ②however；whatever 并列连词表示转折对比关系的并列连词：Thecarisold，(and/but)yetitisingoodcondition.＝Thecarisold，butitisingoodcondition.＝Thecarisold.However(＝Nevertheless＝Still)，itisingoodcondition.[注]but不与although连用，但yet，still可与although连用。for常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，常位于两个并列句中间，不可位于句首。①UnlikewatchingTV，readingisahighlyactiveprocess________itrequiresattentionaswellasmemoryandimagination.A.untilB.butC.unlessD.for②Theoldteacherfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread，________hereyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.or③Sheisseriouslyill，________shedoesn'tgiveuphope.A.thoughB.butC.stillD.however【答案】①D ②B ③B1.(2014·江苏卷)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,________historycannotbechanged.A.thoughB.asC.sinceD.unless2.(2014·天津卷)________youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.BeforeD.Once3.(2014·重庆卷)Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxi________thebushaddroppedher.A.untilB.whenC.althoughD.where4.(2014·北京卷)Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,________plantscanspreadtonewplaces.\nA.soB.orC.forD.but5.(2014·陕西卷)Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,left________Icouldaskfortheirnames.A.whileB.beforeC.afterD.since6.(2013·江苏卷)Intheglobaleconomy，anewdrugforcancer，________itisdiscovered，willcreatemanyeconomicpossibilitiesaroundtheworld.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whereverD.whichever7.(2013·北京卷)Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks________animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where8.(2013·全国新课标卷)IwasgladtomeetJennyagain，________Ididn'twanttospendalldaywithher.A.butB.andC.soD.or9.(2013·山东卷)MarkneedstolearnChinese________hiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.A.unlessB.untilC.althoughD.since10.(2012·重庆卷)—Coach，canIcontinuewiththetraining?—Sorry，youcan't________youhaven'trecoveredfromthekneeinjury.A.untilB.beforeC.asD.unless【答案】1.A 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A9.D 10.C1.Thedog，if________，willbemadeagoodwatchdog.A.totrainproperlyB.beingtrainedproperlyC.properlytotrainD.trainedproperly2.Howlongdoyousupposeitis________hearrivedhere?A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.since3.—Howlongdidthemeetinglastyesterdayafternoon?—Itwasalmostsuppertime________themeetingwasover.A.thatB.untilC.whenD.which4.TherewasneveranytimeforKatetofeellonely，________shewasanonlychild.\nA.eversinceB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.evenas5.Manyadultsagreethatteenagersshouldn'tlivealone________theyhavetheirparents'permission.A.ifB.unlessC.incaseD.nowthat6.Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterview________youhaveconfidence.A.beforeB.onceC.untilD.though7.Though________ofthedanger，hestillwentskatingonthethinice.A.warningB.towarnC.warnD.warned8.Hehadhardlyreachedtheairport________hestartedforhisdestination.A.whereB.afterC.sinceD.when9.________people'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter，thereisagrowingdemandforpetrolallovertheworld.A.ThoughB.WhenC.WhileD.As10.Thereweresomechairsleftover________everyonehadsatdown.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.where11.Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuit，________theseason.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.however12.________wellpreparedyouare，youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.Although13.Howcanyouexpecttolearnanything________youneverlisten?A.evenifB.unlessC.incaseD.when14.—Whydidn'tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?—Herushedoutoftheroom________Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after15.Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusydryingmyselfwithatowel________Iheardthesteps.A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.after16.Itwassometimelater________werealizedthetruth.A.untilB.beforeC.thatD.since17.Thedoctoradvisedmetolive________itiswarmandabithumidforthe\nsakeofmypneumonia.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where18.—Dad，I'vefinishedmyassignment.—Good，and________youplayorwatchTV，youmustn'tdisturbme.A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter19.________wecan'tremoveourtroublesinlifeforever，wecanleavethembehindwhenweareonvacation.A.WhenB.WhileC.UnlessD.Until20.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto'clock________hearrivedhome.A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until21.Ithoughtherniceandhonest________Imether.A.thefirsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.atthefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime22.Thetwomilitaryexerciseweresimilar________theywerebothintendedtogiveathreattoacertaincountry.A.towhatB.forwhichC.inthatD.exceptthat23.Iwanttosellmycar________itisrunning.A.beforeB.whileC.onceD.if24.—Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?—Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim________hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when25.Allpeople,________theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.A.nomatterB.howeverC.evenifD.whether26.Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths________hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.that27.Nancyenjoyedherselfsomuch________shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where28.Toshowourrespect,weusuallyhavetotakeourglovesoff________wearetoshakehandswith.\nA.whicheverB.wheneverC.whoeverD.wherever29.Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlife________we'veactuallyhadthatlesson.A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.when30.—I'mgoingtoNewYorkforfurtherstudiesnextterm.—Congratulations!________you'rethere,canyoukeepmee－mailed?A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If【答案】1.D 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.D9.D 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.B 20.B 21.A 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.D 26.B 27.C 28.C 29.A30.B
