2013高考英语二轮（阅读理解）金品训练（06）及答案Peoplediettolookmoreattractive.Fishdiettoavoidbeingbeatenup,thrownoutoftheirsocialgroup,andgettingeatenasaresult.ThatisthefascinatingconclusionofthelatestresearchintofishbehaviorbyateamofAustralianscientists.Theresearchteamhavediscoveredthatsubordinatefishvoluntarilydiettoavoidchallengingtheirlargercompetitors.“Instudyinggobieswenoticedthatonlythelargesttwoindividuals,amaleandfemale，hadbreeding(繁殖)rightswithinthegroup,”explainsMarianWong.“Allothergroupmembersarenonbreedingfemales,eachbeing5～10%smallerthanitsnextlargestcompetitor.Wewantedtofindouthowtheymaintainthisprecisesizeseparation.”Thereasonforthesizedifferencewaseasytosee.Onceasubordinatefishgrowstowithin510%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor，itcausesafightwhichusuallyendsinthesmallergobybeingdrivenawayfromthegroup.Moreoftenthannot,the_evicted_fish_istheneatenup.Itappearedthatthesmallerfishwerekeepingthemselvessmallinordertoavoidchallengingthebossfish.Whethertheydidsovoluntarily，byrestraininghowmuchtheyate,wasnotclear.Theresearchteamdecidedtodoanexperiment.Theytriedtofattenupsomeofthesubordinategobiestoseewhathappened.Totheirsurprise，thegobiessimplyrefusedtheextrafoodtheywereoffered，clearlypreferringtoremainsmallandavoidfights,overhavingafeast.Thediscoverychallengesthetraditionalscientificviewofhowbossindividualskeeptheirpositioninagroup.Previouslyitwasthoughtthatlargeindividualssimplyusedtheirweightandsizetothreatentheirsubordinatesandtakemoreofthefoodforthemselves，sokeepingtheircompetitorssmall.Whilethehabitsofgobiesmayseemalittlemysterious,Dr.Wongexplainsthatunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweenbossandsubordinateanimalsisimportanttounderstandinghowhierarchical(等级的)societiesremainstable.Theresearchhasprovedthefactthatvoluntarydietingisahabitfarfromexclusivetohumans.“Asyet,welackacompleteunderstandingofhowwidespreadthevoluntaryreductionoffoodintakeisinnature，”theresearcherscomment.“Dataonhumandietingsuggeststhat，whilehumansgenerallydiettoimprovehealth-9-\norincreaseattractiveness,rarelydoesitimprovelongtermhealthandmalesregularlypreferfemalesthatarefatterthanthefemales’ownideal.”[语篇解读] 人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。1．Whenagobygrowstowithin510%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor,it________.A.facesdangerB.hasbreedingrightsC.eatsitscompetitorD.leavesthegroupitself[解析] 推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。[答案] A2．Theunderlinedwords“theevictedfish”inParagraph3referto________.A.thefishbeatenupB.thefishfoundoutC.thefishfattenedupD.thefishdrivenaway[解析] 猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会被吃掉。这些鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。[答案] D3．Theexperimentshowedthatthesmallerfish________.A.foughtoverafeastB.wentondietwillinglyC.preferredsomeextrafoodD.challengedthebossfish[解析] 事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。[答案] B4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.B.Dietingandhealth.C.Humandieting.D.Fishdieting.[解析] 主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选D。[答案] D***************************************************************结束-9-\nA41．WhichofthefollowingisdiscouragedbytheFriendsorganization?A．Tobuildmassivecomplexesforpublicamusement.B．TopreventpossibledamagestotheNationalPark.C．TohelpprotectandimprovetheParkforalltoenjoy.D.Tosponsorpublicationsandprojectsinlocalschool.42.OneofthebenefitsformembersofFriendsisto_________.A.haveFriends’goodsfreeofchargeB.visitanyplacenotopentothepublicC.takepartinworkpartiesiftheywanttoD.givetalksintheirfieldsoncurrentissues-9-\n43.Thepurposeofthisposteristoinvitemorepeopleto_______________.A.raisemoneyfortheFriendsorganizationB.jointheFriendsorganizationandbemembersofitC.workasmanagersforPembrokeshireNationalParkD.enjoythelandscapeofPembrokeshireNationalParkBMappingYourWorldDifferentformsofmapsareappearing.Theyallowindependenttravelerstogetlocalknowledgeofplacestheyarevisiting,fromtheofficialtotheunusual.Meanwhile,hi-techdevelopmentsarecreatingnewwaysforustomaptheworld.Herearetwoofourfavorites;GreenMapsGreenMapsallowspeopletosharewiththeworldtheirknowledgeofenvironmentallyfriendlyplacesandattractionsinthelocalareas.Usersaddinformationwithasetoficons（图标）,making iteasytoreadanymap,whateverthe nationalitiesofthosewhoproduceit.Atpresent thereareoverfivehundred Mapprojectsbeingdevelopedin54countriesGreenMaps’advertised ideais“think global,maplocal”.Itisawonderful wayof gainingallsortsof aplace,rangingfromcommunitygardentogoodplacesofbirdwatching.GreenMapsisnotspecificallyintendedfortravelers.Notallofitsmapsareonline,soitmaybenecessaryforsomeuserstocommunicatewithproducersthroughtheGreenMapswebsite.MapsMashupsManypeopleuseonlinemapsdevelopedbyGoogle,butnotmanyknowaboutthemashupsofthem.WorkinginasimilarwaytoGreenMaps,MapsMashupsallowspeopletoaddiconsoftheirowntoexistingmapstoexpressacertaintopic.Themashupsissocalledbecauseitcombinesalltheknowledgeyoucouldeverneed.Itrangesfromtheextremelyuseful,suchaswherealltheWorldHeritageSitesare,tothemostbizarre（古怪的），suchaswhereAmerica’smunkestcitiesare.WiththemashupsaddedtothebasicGoogleMaps,amulti-layered(多层的)mapcanbecreated.44..Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofGreenMaps?A.Aimingatenvironmentalprotection.B.Introducinglocalattractionswithicons.C.Offeringadvicetoindependenttravelers.-9-\nD.Collectingiconsworldwideforlocalmaps.45.WhichofthefollowingiconsismostprobablyNOTusedinGreenMaps?46.MapMashupsisnamedwiththeword“mashups”because A.itisproducedbyusersallovertheworldB.itgathersvariouskindsofinformationC.itsharesiconswithGreenMapsD.itisabranchofGoogleMaps47.WhatdoGreenMapsandMapMashupshaveincommon?A.Theyarecreatedbylocalpeople.B.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.C.UserscaneditmapsontheInternet.D.Usersneedtocommunicatewithproduces.CAnideathatstartedinSeattle'spubliclibraryhasspreadthroughoutAmericaandbeyond.Theconceptissimple:helptobuildasenseofcommunityinacitybygettingeveryonetoreadthesamebookatthesametime.Inadditiontoencouragingreadingasapursuit(追求)tobeenjoyedbyall,theprogramallowsstrangerstocommunicatebydiscussingthebookonthebus,aswellaspromotingreadingasanexperiencetobesharedinfamiliesandschools.-9-\nTheideacamefromSeattlelibrarianNancyPearlwholaunched(发起）the"IfAllofSeattleReadtheSameBook"projectin1998.Heroriginalprogramusedauthorvisits,studyguidesandbookdiscussiongroupstobringpeopletogetherwithabook,buttheideahassinceexpandedtomanyotherAmericancities,andeventoHongKong.InChicago,themayor(市长）appearedontelevisiontoannouncethechoiceofToKillaMockingbirdasthefirstbookinthe"OneBook,OneChicago"program.Asaresult,readingclubsandneighborhoodgroupsspranguparoundthecity.AcrosstheUS,storiesemergedofparentsandchildrenreadingtoeachotheratnightandstrangerschattingawayonthebusaboutplotandcharacter.TheonlyproblemaroseinNewYork,wherelocalreaderscouldnotdecideononebooktorepresentthehugeanddiversepopulation.Thismayshowthattheideaworksbestinmedium-sizedcitiesorlargetowns,whereagreatersenseofunity(一致）canbeachieved.OritmayshowthatNewYorkersrathermissedthepoint,puttingalltheirenergyandpassionintothechoiceofthebookratherthandiscussionaboutabookitself.AsNancypointsout,thelevelofsuccessisnotmeasuredbyhowmanypeoplereadabook,butbyhowmanypeopleareenrichedbytheprocess.orhaveenjoyedspeakingtosomeonewithwhomtheywouldnototherwisehavesharedaword.48.WhatisthepurposeoftheprojectlaunchedbyNancy?A.Toinviteauthorstoguidereaders.B.Toencouragepeopletoreadandshare.C.Toinvolvepeopleincommunityservice.D.Topromotethefriendshipbetweencities.49.WhywasitdifficultforNewYorkerstocarryouttheproject?A.Theyhadlittleinterestinreading.B.Theyweretoobusytoreadabook.C.TheycamefrommanydifferentbackgroundsD.Theylackedsupportfromthelocalgovernment50.Accordingtothepassage,wherewouldtheprojectbemoreeasilycarriedout?A.InlargecommunitieswithlittlesenseofunityB.InlargecitieswherelibrariesarefarfromhomeC.Inmedium-sizedcitieswithadiversepopulationD.Inlargetownswhereagreementcanbequicklyreached51.Theunderlinedwords“sharedaword”inParagraph7probablymeanA.exchangedideaswitheachotherB.discussedthemeaningofa-9-\nwordC.gainedlifeexperienceD.usedthesamelanguage52.AccordingtoNancy,thedegreeofsuccessoftheprojectisjudgedbyA.thecarefulselectionofaproperbookB.thegrowingpopularityofthewritersC.thenumberofpeoplewhobenefitfromreading.D.thenumberofbooksthateachpersonreads.DAustralianscientistsaretryingtogivekangaroo-stylestomachstocattleandsheepinabidtocuttheemissionofgreenhousegasesblamedforglobalwarming.Thankstospecialbacteriaintheirstomachs,kangaroofartscontainnomethane（甲烷）andscientistswanttotransferthatbacteriatocattleandsheepwhoemitlargequantitiesoftheharmfulgas.Whiletheusualimageofgreenhousegaspollutionisabillowingsmokestackpushingoutcarbondioxide,livestockpassingwindcontributeasurprisinglyhighpercentageoftotalemissionsinsomecountries."FourteenpercentofemissionsfromallsourcesinAustraliaisfromentericmethanefromcattleandsheep,"saidAtholKlieve,aseniorresearchscientistwiththeQueenslandstategovernment."AndifyoulookatanothercountrysuchasNewZealand,whichhasgotamuchhigheragriculturalbase,they'reactuallyuparound50percent,"hesaid.Researcherssaythebacteriaalsomakesthedigestiveprocessmuchmoreefficientandcouldpotentiallysavemillionsofdollarsinfeedcostsforfarmers.Butitwilltakeresearchersatleastthreeyearstoisolatethebacteria,beforetheycanevenstarttodevelopawayoftransferringittocattleandsheep.Anothergroupofscientists,meanwhile,hassuggestedAustraliansshouldfarmfewercattleandsheepandjusteatmorekangaroos.Theideaiscontroversial（争议）,butabout20percentofhealthconsciousAustraliansarebelievedtoeatthenationalsymbolalready."It'slowinfat,it'sgothighproteinlevelsandit'sverycleaninthesensethatbasicallyit'stheultimatefreerangeanimal（散养动物）,"saidPeterAmptoftheUniversityofNewSouthWales'sinstituteofenvironmentalstudies.53.Accordingtothepassage,globalwarmingisnowmainlycausedby_____.A.methaneB.carbondioxideC.livestockpassingwindD.notmentioninthispassage54.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theidea”（paragraph9）referto?A.Australiansshouldgivekangaroo-stylestomachstocattleandsheep.B.Thebacteriacouldmakethedigestiveprocessmuchmoreefficient.C.Australiansshouldfarmfewercattleandsheepandjusteatmorekangaroos.D.Thebacteriacouldpotentiallysavemillionsofdollarsinfeedcostsforfarmers.55.SomeAustraliansbegintoeatkangaroosbecause_____.A.Thekangaroos’farts（放屁）containnomethane-9-\nB.ThekangarooshaveaspecialbacteriaC.ThekangaroosarethenationalsymbolinAustraliaD.Thekangaroosarelowinfatandhighinprotein56.HowwillAustralianscientistssolvetheproblemofglobalwarming?A.Eatingmorekangaroos.B.Killingmorecattleandsheep.C.Lettingcattleandsheeppasslesswind.D.Transferringthespecialbacteriainkangaroos’stomachstocattleandsheep.EThenextgenerationtelephoneiscalledSuperphoneorpersonalCommunicationNetwork(PCN).Yoursuperphonegoeswhereveryougo,inyourpocket.Youcanuseitinthestreet,inanaeroplane,aboat,orataxi;youcancallfromanywhereontheglobetoanywhereelse.Callstravelatthespeedoflight,viasatellitesusingultraviolet,high-frequencywavebandsandeachcommunicationisautomaticallybilledtoyouraccount.Thisnewphoneisthesizeandshapeofabillfold(皮夹).Youunfoldittouseit.,makingitlongenoughtoreachfromyoureartoyourmouth.Thereisaminiaturizedtouchpad,onwhichtoenterthenumberyouarecalling.Thereisalsoatinyliquidcrystalscreenonwhichyoucanreadweather,newsorfinancialreports.Thesenewsitemsareconstantlyupdatedbythecompanythatsellstheservice.Letterkeysonthetouchpadalsoallowyoutousethiselectronicmarvelasacomputerorwordprocessor.Youcanplugitintoyourlargehomeorofficecomputerinordertotransferanydatathatyoufeedinduringabusinesstrip.ThePCNalsostoresanyusefulinformationofyourownthatyoumightneedasyoutravel,suchasthenames,addressesandphonenumbersofseveralhundredpeople,importantmeetings,flightdetailsandsoon.Whenyouneedinformation,yousimplycallituponthescreen.YoucanevenuseyourPCNtoactivateelectronicallycontrolledequipmentathome.Forexample,youcouldswitchyourovenonoroff,startthesprinklersysteminyourgardenduringadryspell,getyourvideorecordertorecordashowontelevision,turnoffthecentralheating,andsoon.Allofthisfromthousandsofmilesaway,perhapsfromthebackofacamelinthedesert.Prototypesarealreadybeingtrialed.Inspiteofthecomplextechnology,theywillbecheapbecauseoftheenormoussalesthatwillbemade.57.TheSuperphonesystem______________.A.hasaverywidecoverageofsignals.B.deductsfeesdirectlyfromusers’bankaccount.C.offersanearlyfreecommunicatingserviceD.requirespeopletospeakquickly58.Thenextgenerationtelephonedoesn’townthefunctionof______A.acomputerB.abillfoldC.awordprocessorD.acommunicationdevice59.Theauthor’sintentioninmentioning“fromtheback…thedesert”isto_________-9-\nA.showthegreatimpactofthenewphoneontheworldB.emphasizethestrongremotecontrolfunctionofthenewphoneC.demonstratehowtooperatethenewphoneinsuchplacesD.showtravelers’affectionforthenewphone60.Theauthormayagreethat________A.thenewphone’stechnologyistoocomplextobegeneralizedB.thenewphoneisstillcommerciallyunappetizing.C.thenewphonehasbeenputintovolumeproductionD.thenewphonehasexcellentprospectsinmarket.参考答案41-45ACBBB46-50BCBCD51-55ACDCD56-60DABBD***************************************************结束-9-
