课时提能练(五)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·新高考八省联考卷)Magicisaformofentertainmentthatisbasedonpretendingtodothingsthatareimpossible.Themagicianisaspeciallytrainedactor.Hetriestomaketheaudiencebelievethathehasthepowertodothingswhichareagainstthelawsofnature.Magicshowsareentertainingaslongastheaudiencedoesnotdiscoverhowthetricksaredone.Themagicianusuallydependsonhisskillwithhishands，onhisknowledgeofpsychology，and，sometimes，onmechanicaldevices(机械装置)．Sincemagicperformanceismeanttotrickpeople，theuseofpsychologyisimportant.Themagicianmustkeeppeoplefromnoticingallthemovementsofhishandsandfromthinkingaboutthesecretpartsofhisequipment.Hemustalsoleadtheaudiencetodrawfalseconclusions.Themagician'ssuccessdependsonthefactthatmanythingsseenbytheeyearenotthethingsthatmatter.Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample，themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagician，employingquickhandmovementsoramechanicaldevice，hidesoneball.Whiledoingthishetalkstotheaudienceandwavesabrightlycolouredclothwithonehand.Theaudienceistoobusywatchingtheclothandlisteningtothemagician'swordstonoticethathisotherhandishidingtheball.Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething，andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些魔术师表演的细节以及有关魔术的小技巧。1．Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A．Topromoteamagicshow.B．Toteachpeopletobemagicians.C．Toexplaintheartofmagic.\nD．Topraisethetalentsofmagicians.C [目的意图题。通过对文章主旨大意的理解以及文章最后两段讲述的魔术技巧可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是解释魔术的艺术。故选C项。]2．Whichofthefollowingisimportantforasuccessfulmagictrick?A．Movingstageequipment.B．Directingtheaudience'sattention.C．Applyinghightechnology.D．Keepingtheperformanceinsecret.D [细节理解题。通过第二段“Magicshowsareentertainingaslongastheaudiencedoesnotdiscoverhowthetricksaredone(只要观众不知道魔术是如何表演的，魔术表演就很有趣)．”以及“Themagicianmustkeeppeoplefromnoticingallthemovementsofhishandsandfromthinkingaboutthesecretpartsofhisequipment(魔术师必须防止人们注意到他的手的所有动作和思考他的设备的秘密部分)．”可知，对演出保密对于魔术的成功很重要。故选D项。]3．Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Providingexamples.B．Makingasummary.C．Drawingcomparisons.D．Explainingaconcept.A [推理判断题。通过倒数第二段“Forexample，themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour(例如，魔术师把一个小球放在几个杯子中的一个的下面。然后球似乎从一个杯子跳到另一个杯子或改变颜色)．”以及最后一段“Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse(实际发生的是，魔术师通过在观众观看其他东西时迅速隐藏它，使被切割或烧毁的物体消失)．”可以推知，在文章最后两段中，作者举了两个例子。故选A项。]4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Mechanicaldevicesareexpensive.B．Mostmagiciansemployassistants.C．Ittakespracticetoperformmagic.D．Smallobjectsaremagicians'favourite.C [推理判断题。通过文章第一段“Themagicianisaspeciallytrainedactor(魔术师是受过专门训练的演员)．”可推知，表演魔术需要练习。故选C项。]\nB(北京市2020高考适应性测试)Growingup,DekaIsmailsaidsheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl,fromarefugee(难民)family，”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield,Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia,planningtobecomeaprofessor.BornandraisedinCityHeightsneighborhoodinSanDiego,DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDeka'ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground,shewouldsaydifferently,thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven,youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold,hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks,anddidn'tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid，likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily，”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetochallenge.”Deka'seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool,shewasacceptedintotheSEEDprojectoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus，”Botham,aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute,recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork，readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher,Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don'ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobigorthisprogramistoocompetitiveorI'llnevergetintothisschool，”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位黑人女孩德卡的故事。她出身于难民家庭，起初她接受命运带给她的标签，但她在受到鼓舞，想要追求科学事业之后，她勇往直前，最终通过不懈努力，实现了梦想。5．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.\nA．DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB．DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC．DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD．Deka'sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhardD [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“herexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday”可知，德卡以往的经历塑造了她，激励她成为现在这样奋发努力的年轻科学家，故选D项。]6．Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation________.A．afterherchemistryclassB．fromhermother'sexperienceC．byreadingbooksinthelibraryD．throughworkingattheinstituteB [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife”可知，德卡从她母亲的经历意识到教育的重要性，故选B项。]7．Accordingtothelastparagraph,Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe________.A．patient B．confidentC．ambitiousD．generousB [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves”可知，德卡告诫大家不要低估自己，也就是要对自己有信心，故选B项。]8．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A．Lifeisnotallroses.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Wellbegunishalfdone.D．Hardworkleadstosuccess.D [主旨大意题。本文讲述了黑人女孩德卡通过不懈努力实现梦想的故事，故D项(勤奋使人通往成功)适合作本文的标题。文章倒数第二段第一句“Deka'seffortspaidoff.”意为“德卡的努力得到了回报”，也对该题起到了很好的提示作用。]C(山东省枣庄市2020届高三模拟考试(二调))“Themomentbeforetheycalledmyname,Iwasreallynervousbecausetheotherfinalists'presentationswerereallygoodandIthoughttheywouldwin，”KaraFan,whohaswonAmerica'sTopYoungScientist,toldYahooFinance.“Whentheyannouncedmyname,Iwasreallysurprised\nactually.”Towinthatclaim,Fan'snanoparticleliquidbandagehadtosurpasstheexperimentsofhundredsoffifthtoeighthgradersaswellasnineotherfinalists.FanstarteddevelopingherliquidbandageinApril2019tofighttheoveruseofantibiotics(抗生素)．AccordingtotheCentresforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)，roughly2millionpeopleeveryyearsufferabacterialinfectionintheU．S.andabout23,000passedawayasaresult.Ifleftalone,aU．N.studyreported,drugresistantdiseasesorthe“superbug”couldleadto10milliondeathsacrosstheglobeby2050.WhenFan'ssprayablebandagedriesonaperson'sskin,itcreatesathinlayerthatprotectsthewoundedareawhilebreakingthecellwallandkillingthebacteriaontheskin.Afterexperimentingwithcoppernitrate(硝酸铜)tofightbacteria,switchingtothesilvernitrateendedupbeingthemajorcatalyst(促进因素)forseeingresultsofherawardwinningproject.“Thousandsofyearsago,ancientpeoplewouldusecopperandsilvertoeatandtheywoulddrinkwaterfromsomethinglikecopperbowlstokillbacteria.”Fanexplained，“Ifoundoutthatitdidn'twork.SoIusednanosilver.”SirAlexanderFleming'sdiscoveryofpenicillin(青霉素)—atypeofantibiotic—isFan'sfavoritescientificdiscovery.Havingsaidthat，shedoesn'tthinkhumansshouldrelytooheavilyonpenicillin.FollowingheryearsatWestviewHighSchool,FanhopestocontinueherbiologytrackatStanfordUniversity.Alongwiththe$25,000cashprizeshewononOctober29,becomingAmerica'sTopYoungScientistmayhelpgettheprivateuniversity'sattention.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍卡拉·范获得了全美青少年科学家竞赛奖。她发明了纳米液体绷带，以解决抗生素过度使用的问题。9．HowdidKaraFanfeelaboutherwinningtheprize?A．Confident. B．Regretful.C．Proud.D．Unexpected.D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Whentheyannouncedmyname，Iwasreallysurprisedactually.”可知，当宣布获奖者名字时，卡拉·范很吃惊，故选D项。unexpected意为“意外的”。]10．ForwhatpurposedidFandevelopherliquidbandage?A．Tofightoveruseofantibiotics.\nB．Toenteranationalcontest.C．Toreducedeathsfrominjuries.D．Togetintoagooduniversity.A [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的tofighttheoveruseofantibiotics可知，范研究液体绷带是为了应对抗生素的过度使用问题。故选A项。]11．WhichofthefollowingdoesFanusetokillbacteria?A．Coppernitrate.B．Copper.C．Silver.D．Nanosilver.D [细节理解题。根据题干中的killbacteria可将答案定位到文章第四段。根据该段中的“Ifoundoutthatitdidn'twork.SoIusednanosilver.”可知，范使用纳米银来杀死病菌，故选D项。]12．WhatmightbeFan'sopinionaboutpenicillin?A．Addictive.B．Valuable.C．Useless.D．Irreplaceable.B [推理判断题。根据题干中的penicillin可将答案定位到倒数第二段。根据该段中的“SirAlexanderFleming'sdiscoveryofpenicillin—atypeofantibiotic—isFan'sfavoritescientificdiscovery.”可推知，范认为青霉素是有价值的，故选B项。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(重庆市2020届第一次诊断性考试)Peoplerefusetochangethethingstheyhatebecausethey'reafraid.Onceyouletgoofyourfears,you'llrealizethatwhateverhappens,you'llbeOKandbeabletocreateabetter,happierlifeforyourself.1Makealistofthethingsyouhateinyourlife.Bespecific.Don'tsay“Ihatemyjob”，butinsteadlistthedetailsyouhateaboutit,suchasyourschedules,thepayoryourcoworkers.Dothesameforotherareasofyourlife.2Ifyouhateyourbody,yourlackofselfrespectorthewayyouinteractwithothers,includethoseinyourlistaswell.3Forexample,youcanaskforaraise,startlookingforanewjoborworkonabetterrelationshipwithyourcoworkers.Ifyoufeeloverwhelmed,startwithsmallersteps,suchaslistingthepositiveaspectsofthethingsyouhate.Youmighthateyourjob,butyoualsohaveafirmmonthlysalaryandmedicalbenefits.Letgoofthepast.Youmightnotbeabletoforgiveyourparentsorthefriendthathurtyou,butyoudon'tneedtoletthepainruleyourlife.KatieByron,authorofLovingWhatIs:FourQuestionsThatCanChangeYourLife,emphasizestheimportanceofacceptingthat\ncertainthingscannotbechanged.4Keepa“ThankYou”journal.5Everyday,trytofindsomethingsyou'regratefulfor.Itcanbesomethingassimpleassomebodygivingyouhis/herseatonthebusoropeningthedoorforyou.Oritcanbeacomplimentoranemailfromafriend.Focusingonthepositivethingswillmakeiteasiertoseethatgoodthingsarealsopartofyourlife.A．Don'tlookonlyoutsideyourlife.B．Agoodchangeisasgoodasarest.C．Buthowcanyoustophatingyourlife?D．Listpositivethingsyoucandotochange.E．Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.F．Thiswillhelpyoufocusonthepositivethingsinyourlife.G．Instead,focusonthepresentandwhatyoucandotomakeyourlifebetter.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述人们通常不愿改变自己对于厌恶的事物的固有印象，往往是因为人们害怕做出这种改变。如果你试着放下自己的恐惧，就会发现你能够通过这种改变为自己创造更幸福的人生。文章就此给出了几点建议。1．C [逻辑推断。上文讲到，一旦你放下了恐惧，你就会意识到，无论发生什么，你都会没事的，并且能够为自己创造更好、更幸福的人生。下文给出了一些建议。结合选项可知，C项(但是你如何才能不再厌恶生活呢？)符合此处语境，起到承上启下的过渡作用。]2．A [语境推断。上文讲到，具体罗列出在生活中不喜欢的东西，而不是笼统的一大类事物，结合上文的“yourschedules，thepayoryourcoworkers”以及“Dothesameforotherareasofyourlife.”和下文的yourlackofselfrespectorthewayyouinteractwithothers可知，A项(不要只看你生活之外的东西)符合语境。]3．D [语境推断。根据设空处所在位置和其他段落的结构可知，设空处应为本段主旨句。根据下文的举例可知，本段谈论的是积极主动地做一些自己能做的改变，例如要求上调工资、找一份新工作或者和你的同事更好地相处。故D项(列出你可以做的积极的事情以改变现状)符合语境。]4．G [语境推断。根据本段第一句和上文内容可知，本段建议放下过去。上文讲到，凯蒂·拜伦强调了接受某些事实不可改变这一观念的重要性。结合选项可知，G项(相反，把注意力集中在现在，专注于你能做的事，使你的生活更美好)符合语境。G项中用Instead与上文构成转折关系。]5．F [语境推断。本段的主旨句是“Keepa‘ThankYou’\njournal.(写感恩日记)”。结合常识和选项可知，F项(这能够帮助你将注意力集中在你生活中积极的事情上)符合语境。F项中的This指的就是“写感恩日记”这件事。]
