课时作业(二十) [必修4 Unit5Themeparks](限时：45分钟) Ⅰ.单项填空1．Speakingofallthesongshehaswritten，Ithinkthisisprobablyhis________one.A．betterknownB．wellknownC．bestknownD．mostknown2．Totheir________，theirteamwonthematchunexpectedly.A．amuseB．amusedC．amusingD．amusement3．Lessthantwentypercentoftheemployeesintheircompanyarewomen.Thatistosay，womenareinthe________．A．majorityB．activityC．probabilityD．minority4．Thereisnoreasonwhyyoushouldn'ttellthem________thatyouareleaving.A．inorderB．insecretC．inconflictD．inadvance5．Johnworkedhardathislessonsandgained________toafamousuniversitylastyear.A．permissionB．admissionC．agreementD．freedom6．NiagaraFallisagreattourist________，drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.A．attentionB．attractionC．appointmentD．arrangement7．Heisfamousboth________anovelistandpoetbutheismorefamous________hisnovels.A．for;asB．with;forC．as;forD．like;as8．Whileourcitytriesimpatientlytochangeitsappearancebytearingdownoldbuildings,moreandmorecitizensaresuggestingwaysto________thehistoricallyimportantarchitecture.A．decorateB．developC．preserveD．advocate9．Notonly________theactivity________publicawarenessofworldhunger，butraisedalotofmoneyforthepoorchildren.A．/;hasincreasedB．is;increasedC．has;increasedD．/;increased-6-\n10．Policecaneasilyrecognizeyourfingerprintsbymachine，becauseeveryperson'sfingerprintsare________．A．outstandingB．regularC．ordinaryD．unique11．Youshouldn'tstayatyourofficeallday；________natureisgoodforyourhealth.A．gettingclosetoB．gettingawayfromC．gettingalongwithD．gettingtogetherwith12．—Whereshallwehavedinner?—At________restauranthasafreetable.A．whicheverB．whereverC．whichD．what13．________bythebeautyofnature，thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.A．AttractingB．AttractedC．TobeattractedD．Havingattracted14．Withtheaidofthemostadvancedequipment,newfactsabouttheancientpyramidsinEgypthaverecently________．A．broughttolightB．madeknownC．cometoanendD．cometolight15．—JohnissaidtohavelearnedItalianinItalyforfiveyears.—________hespeaksitlikeanativespeaker.A．NodoubtB．NoproblemC．NowonderD．NoreasonⅡ.阅读理解A[2022·福建卷]SomepeoplebelievethataRobinHoodisatwork,othersthatawealthypersonsimplywantstodistributehisorherfortunebeforedying.Butthedonatorwhostartedsendingenvelopeswithcashtodeservingcauses,accompaniedbyanarticlefromthelocalpaper,hasmadeanorthernGermancitybelieveinfairytales(童话)．Thefirstenvelopewassenttoavictimsupportgroup.Itcontained10，000withacuttingfromtheBraunschweigerZeitungabouthowthegroupsupportedawomanwhowasrobbedofherhandbag;similarplainwhiteanonymous(匿名)envelopes,eachcontaining10，000,thenarrivedatakindergartenandachurch.Theenvelopskeepcoming,andsofaratleast190，000hasbeendistributed.Lastmonth,oneofthemwassenttothenewspaper'sownoffice.ItcameafterastoryitpublishedaboutTom,a14yearoldboywhowasseverelydisabledinaswimmingaccident.ThereceptionistattheBraunschweigerZeitungopenedananonymouswhiteenvelopetofind20notesof500inside,withacopyofthearticle.Thenameofthefamilywasunderlined.“IwasdrivingwhenIheardthenews，”ClaudiaNeumann,theboy'smother,toldDerSpiegelmagazine.“Ihadtoparkonthesideoftheroad;Iwasspeechless.”Themoneywillbeusedtomaketheentrancetotheirhousewheelchairaccessibleandforacourseoftreatmentthattheirinsurancecompanyrefusedtopayfor.-6-\n“Forsomeonetoactsoselflessly,forthistohappeninsuchasocietyinwhicheveryonethinksofhimself,wasastonishing，”MrsNeumannsaid.HerfamilywonderwhetherthedonatorisaRobinHoodcharacter,takingfrombankstogivetotheneedy.HenningNoske,theeditoroftheBraunschweigerZeitung,said：“Maybeitisanoldpersonwhoisabouttodie.Wejustdonotknow.”However,hehastoldhisreportersnottolookforthecity'shero,forfearthatdiscoverymaystopthedonations.16．TheBraunschweigerZeitungisthenameof________．A．achurchB．abankC．anewspaperD．amagazine17．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthedonationtoTom?A．Thedonationamountedto190，000.B．Thedonationwassentdirectlytohishouse.C．Themoneywillbeusedforhiseducation.D．Hismotherfeltastonishedatthedonation.18．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________．A．thedonatorisaricholdmanB．thedonationwillcontinuetocomeC．thedonationcomesfromthenewspaperD．thedonatorwillsoonbefoundout19．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．MoneyIsRaisedbytheNewspaperB．NewspaperDistributesMoneytotheNeedyC．UnknownHeroSpreadsLoveinEnvelopesD．RobinHoodReturnstotheCityBUhoh,thenewyear'sjustbegunandalreadyyou'refindingithardtokeepthoseresolutionstojunkthejunkfood，getoffthecouchorkicksmoking.There'sabiologicalreasonwhyalotofourbadhabitsaresohardtobreak—theygetdeeprootedinourbrains.That'snotanexcusetogiveup.Understandinghowunhealthybehaviorsbecomedeeprootedhasscientistslearningsometricksthatmayhelpgoodhabitsreplacethebad.“Whyarebadhabitsstronger?You'refightingagainstthepowerofanimmediatereward.Weallascreaturesgivegreatervaluetoanimmediaterewardthansomethingthat'sdelayed，”saysDrNoraVolkow,directoroftheNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse.Justhowthatbitofhappinessturnsintoahabitinvolvesapleasuresensingchemicalnameddopamine(多巴胺).Ittrainsthebraintowantthatrewardagainandagain—increasingtheconnectioneachtime—especiallywhenitgetstherightcue(暗示)fromyourenvironment.Peopletendtooverestimatetheirabilitytoresisttemptationsaroundthem,thusdestroyingattemptstogetridofbadhabits.Evenscientistswhorecognizeitfindithardtoresist.“Idon'tlikepopcorn.ButeverytimeIgotothecinema,Ihavetoeatit，”Volkowsays.“It'sfascinating.”Amovementtopaypeopleforbehaviorchangesmaymakeuseofthatconnection,-6-\nassomecompaniesofferemployeesimmediatepaymentsforadoptingbetterhabits.Howeverpayingforbehaviorturnsout,researcherssaytherearesomestepsthatmayhelpcounteryourbrain'sholdonbadhabits:repeat，repeat，repeatthenewbehavior—thesameroutineatthesametimeofday.Determinedtoexercise？Doingitatthesametimeofthemorningmakesthebrainrecognizethehabiteventually.Ifyoudon'tdoit,youfeelawful.Exerciseitselfraisesdopaminelevels,soeventuallyyourbrainwillgetafeelgoodhitevenifyourmusclesprotest.Rewardyourselfwithsomethingyoureallydesire,Volkowstresses.Youexercisedallweek?Stucktoyourdiet?Buyabook,agreatpairofjeans,ortryafancyrestaurant.20．What'sthesubjectivereasonforbeinghardtobreakbadbehaviors?A．Somebehaviorsgetdeeprootedinourbrains.B．Wepreferanimmediatereward.C．Wevaluedelayedgifts.D．Weareallcreaturesofnature.21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“connection”inParagraph3referto?A．Pleasureandbehavior. B．Brainandreward.C．Happinessanddopamine. D．Cueandenvironment.22．Itcanbeinferredthatthehigherthedopaminelevelis，________．A．theharderitisforyoutobreakthebadhabitB．thelesspleasureyouwillgetC．thestrongerbadhabitswillbecomeD．themoreyou'llwanttogetareward23．WhydoesVolkoweatpopcorneventhoughhedoesn'tlikeit?A．Becauseherecognizestheimportanceofhim.B．Becauseitisneededfornormalgrowthofthebody.C．Becausehecan'tresistthetemptationofit.D．Becauseitmakeshimrelaxedtoeatpopcornwhileseeingfilms.Ⅲ.开放作文请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。InyourspokenEnglishclass,yourteachershowsyouthefollowingpicture.Youareaskedtodescribethepictureandexplainhowyouunderstandit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-6-\n参考答案课时作业(二十)Ⅰ.1.C 句意：谈到他所创作的所有歌曲，这很可能是他最著名的一首了。根据句意，此题应选用最高级形式。2．D 考查固定结构。toone'samusement/surprise/disappointment…“令人高兴的是/吃惊的是/失望的是……”。句意：让他们高兴的是，他们的队意外地赢得了比赛。3．D 考查短语搭配。intheminority占少数；少数派；inthemajority占多数；多数派。句意：在他们公司里，只有不到百分之二十的员工是女性，也就是说，女性占少数。4．D 考查介词短语。inorderthat目的是；insecret秘密地；私下地；inconflictwith和……有冲突；inadvance提前；事先。由句意“你没有什么理由不提前告诉他们你要走了”可知应选D项。5．B admission意为准许进入，admissiontoauniversity指被大学录取。permission许可；agreement同意；freedom自由，特权。6．B 考查名词词义辨析。attention注意(力)；attraction吸引力；吸引游客的地方；appointment约会；任命；arrangement安排。句意：尼亚加拉大瀑布是一个著名的风景名胜，每年吸引几百万的游客。7．C 考查介词搭配。befamousas…作为……而闻名；befamousfor…以……而闻名。句意：他作为小说家和诗人而闻名，但更以其小说而闻名。应选C项。8．C 考查动词辨析。preserve保护。句意：尽管我市通过拆毁旧楼房迫不及待地改变它的面貌，但是越来越多的市民建议保护历史上的重要建筑。decorate装饰；develop开发；advocate提倡。9．C 当notonly置于句首时，前一个分句要倒装，后一个分句不倒装。句意：这项活动不但提高了公众的世界饥荒意识，而且也为贫穷孩子筹集了很多钱。10．D 句意：警察借助机器能轻易识别你的指纹，因为每个人的指纹都很独特(unique)。outstanding突出的，杰出的；regular有规律的；ordinary普通的。11．A 句意：你不应该整天待在办公室里，接触下大自然对你的健康有益。getcloseto接近；getawayfrom逃开，躲开；getalongwith与……相处，进展；gettogetherwith与……欢聚。根据题意选A项。12．A 答句句意：哪个饭店有空桌我们就在哪里吃饭。whichever引导的从句作介词at的宾语，whichever在句中作定语修饰restaurant。13．B 考查非谓语动词。因为是被吸引，所以排除A；C表示目的，所以应排除；D表示状态也不正确。14．D 考查动词短语辨析。cometolight在这里是“显露，为人所知”。B有一定干扰性，可以说beenmadeknown。句意：有了最先进设备的帮助，最近关于埃及古代金字塔的新事实显露出来了。15．C 考查交际用语。nowonder难怪。nodoubt无疑；noreason毫无理由；noproblem没问题。Ⅱ.A本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了城市英雄以匿名信的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。16．C 推理判断题。从第一段“Butthedonatorwhostartedsendingenvelopeswithcashtodeservingcauses,accompaniedbyanarticlefromthelocalpaper”和第二段“withacuttingfromtheBraunschweigerZeitung”可推出BraunschweigerZeitung是当地一家报纸。-6-\n17．D 细节理解题。从倒数第二段Tom的妈妈所说的话可知答案。18．B 推理判断题。从最后一段“…hehastoldhisreportersnottolookforthecity'shero,forfearthatdiscoverymaystopthedonations.”可知捐赠还会继续。19．C 主旨大意题。本文介绍了城市英雄以匿名信的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。B这是一篇科普文。人们在新年到来时常常会下定某些决心，然而却发现很难坚持下去。科学家研究出了一些“技巧”，可以让好习惯取代坏习惯。20．B 细节理解题。此题应特别注意题干中thesubjectivereason(主观原因)。根据短文第二段中的“Weallascreaturesgivegreatervaluetoanimmediaterewardthansomethingthat'sdelayed”可知，难以改掉坏习惯在主观上的原因是人们更看重即时的好处。A项有很大的干扰，文章第一段中提到：这些坏习惯根植于我们的大脑中，这是很难改掉坏习惯在生物学上的原因(客观原因)。21．A 词义猜测题。根据语境：在快乐的感觉转化为一种习惯的过程中，一种感知快乐的化学物质多巴胺在起作用，它不断促使大脑期望得到这种犒赏，并不断加强快乐感与这种行为之间的联系。由此可知，connection指的是“快乐感与行为之间的联系”。22．D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，多巴胺是一种感知快乐的化学物质，它使大脑不断期望得到某种犒赏。最后一段中的“Exerciseitselfraisesdopaminelevels”能进一步证明，多巴胺的水平越高，人们就越想得到某种犒赏。23．C 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，人们往往高估自己抵制身边诱惑的能力，这使他们为摆脱坏习惯而作出的努力毁于一旦。Volkow就是因为抵抗不了这种诱惑才吃爆米花的。Ⅲ.Onepossibleversion：Inthepicturewecanseetwoboys.Oneisstandingontopofabuilding,preparingtopickfruitonthetree,whiletheotherisstrugglingtoreachthesameheightastheformer.Hardashemaytry,itseemsthathecan'tgetthefruit.Whatthepictureattemptstotellusistheequalopportunitiesforourmiddleschoolstudents.Therearemanystudentsinmiddleschoolswhoarerecommendedtouniversitieswithouttakingexaminationsbecausetheyhavespecialtalents.Actually,somestudentsfromfarmers'familiesdon'thavethesamechancetodeveloptheirtalents.Asaresult,mostrecommendedstudentsarefromurbanfamilies.Justlikethestudentinthelowerposition,evenifhemakeseveryefforttokeepupwiththeotherone,hestillcan'treachthefruit.Ifthephenomenonkeepshappeninginoursociety,therewillbeconfusionandconflictsamongpeople.Toconclude,weshouldcreateopportunitiestohavemoregoodstudentsfoundbyuniversities.-6-
