十二、主旨大意——文章大意题(2022·北京，A)MyFirstMarathon(马拉松)Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon，oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks，leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet，Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class，theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s，Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself，notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon，IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous，butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline，myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3，Ipassedasign：“GOFORIT，RUNNERS！”Bymile17，Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain，Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21，Iwasstarving!15\nAsIapproachedmile23，Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact，Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself，moveforward，freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签)，Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不畏艰难，挑战自我，坚持跑完马拉松，实现了一次从自我砥砺到自我认识的人生“长跑”的励志故事。文章旨在向人们传递积极的价值观：只要勇于挑战，拼搏进取，人人皆为胜者。36.Amonthbeforethemarathon，theauthor.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope答案 C解析 细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Yet，Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.”并结合上句最后的“leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain”可知，虽然作者在马拉松比赛前一个月脚踝受伤需休息两周，但他决心在仅剩的两周训练时间里继续前行，去参加马拉松长跑。此处的关键信息determined与选项C中的madeuphismind相吻合。故选C。37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas‘notathletic’.”可知，作者列举小时候第一次上体育课的例子，说明自己跑圈不行，打垒球也不行，所以老师告诉作者他不擅长体育运动。这显然表明了作者在运动方面没有天赋，与选项C的意思相匹配。38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.15\nD.Hewalkedtotheend.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished！”可知，作者跑完了这次马拉松。这与选项A中的“madeit(做成)”意思相吻合。39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.答案 B解析 文章大意题。根据作者对自己马拉松情况的叙述可知，对于一位脚踝有伤、不具有运动天赋的人来说去跑马拉松面临的挑战可想而知，但作者不畏艰难，凭着强大的意志力，最后成功到达终点，显然就是选项B提到的“一位具有强大意志力的获胜者”。故选B项。一、题型解读说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：(1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/thetext?(2)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(3)Thepassageismainlyabout.(4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.二、解题技巧——“主题句定位”寻主旨文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。15\n(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，infact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等词。例如：【真题感悟】中第39题，通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Determinedtobemyself，moveforward，freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签)，Icannowcallmyselfa‘marathonwinner’.”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的强大意志力。故选B。A(2022·天津十二区县二模)Whilelearningthesciencelessons，Iusedtogetadoubt—whyears，nose，tongueandeyesshouldbecalledasspecialsenses?Thebasicreasonisthatthesearethechannelsthroughwhichwemaintaincontactwiththesurroundings.Thoughapparentlyitmayfeelliketheseareindividualsensoryorgans，theydoshowsomeconnectivity.Interestingly，ourhearingislesssharpafterweeataheavyfood.Isn’titgoodforasoundnapafterastomach-fullmeal？Thatdoesnotmeanwegodeafafterameal，butthehearingpitch(强度)doeschangeafteraheavymeal.Weusuallygivecreditofthetastetoourtongue，butdoyouknowthatunlesssaliva(唾液)dissolvessomething，ourtonguecannotrecognizethetasteofthefoodeaten.Tasteisnothingbutthefoodchemicalsdissolvedinthesalivabeingsensedbythetastebudspresentonthetongue.Trytodryoffyourtongueandmouthwithatissuepaperandthentastesomething.Womenaremuchbettersmellersthanmen.Theyarebornwiththischaracteristic15\nabilityandcancorrectlypinpoint(准确说出)theexactfragranceofthesample.Weallcanstorealmost50,000differentscents，whicharestronglytiedtothememories.Pupils(瞳孔)donotrespondtolightalone，buttotheslightestbitofnoisearoundtoo.Thussurgeons，watchmakersandthoseprofessionalswhohavetoperformamuchdelicatejobdoprefertohaveasound-freeenvironment.Evenasmallnoisecandilate(扩大)theirpupils，changethefocusandblur(使模糊)theirvision.Ifyoudonotwearglassesorcontactlensduetohavinga6/6vision，youarejustamongtheonethirdofthehumanpopulation.Itisnowstatisticallyprovedthatonlyonethirdofthepopulationhasperfectvision，restallareeitherwearingglassesoraretryingtoreadwithacompromisedvision.Eachandeveryoneofushasaparticularorindividualisticorcharacteristicsmell，whichisuniquetous，exceptfortheidenticaltwins.Thissmellisverysubtle(微妙的)yetcanbesensedevenbyanewborn.Itmaybeduetothisscentthatthenewbornrecognizesthepresenceofhisparentsaround.Manyofuscanpinpointthesmellofoursignificantfriendsandcolleagues.Asignificantpartofthisphenomenonisguidedbygeneticsbutitisalsochangedbytheenvironment，dietandpersonalhygiene.Thisalltogethercreatestheuniquechemistrythatisindividualisticforeachperson.1.WecanlearnfromParagraph1that.A.afterafullmealourhearingisasgoodasbeforeB.allsensoryorgansareconnectedandcanbeexchangedC.sensoryorgans’functionscanneverbechangedfortheirparticularcharacterD.wefeelandlearnabouttheworldaroundusthroughoureyes，ears，noseandtongue答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“...Iusedtogetadoubt—whyear，nose，tongueandeyesshouldbecalledasspecialsenses？Thebasicreasonisthattheseare...surroundings.”可知，我们通过感官和外界保持联系。2.Whatmayhappenafteryouhavehadarichlunch?A.Youreyesbecomedim.B.Youmayfeelenergeticandfresh.C.Yourhearingpitchmaybedecreased.D.Yourtonguemaylosethefunctionoftaste.答案 C15\n解析 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一、二、三句可知，吃饱后人的听觉会降低，但不会变聋。3.WhatdoestheauthormeanbytheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2?A.Ourtonguescan’tbedriedwhileeatingsomething.B.Ifyourtongueisdriedwithoutanysalivaonit，itwillnotwork.C.Atissuepaperistheonlythingthatcanbeusedtodryourtongues.D.Ifyourtongueisdriedwithatissuepaper，itmayworkaswellasbefore.答案 B解析 句意理解题。根据第二段内容可知，舌头必须在唾液的配合下才能分辨味道，如果用纸把舌头擦干，舌头的味觉功能就会丧失。故选B。4.Whatmakeseachpersondifferentfromanyoneelseexceptidenticaltwins?A.Thenumberofsensoryorgans.B.Thefunctionsofsensoryorgans.C.Theparticularsmellofaperson.D.Thestyleofone’sbehaviour.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Eachandeveryoneofushasaparticularorindividualisticorcharacteristicsmell，whichisuniquetous，exceptfortheidenticaltwins.”可知，除同卵双胞胎以外，我们每个人身上都有独特的味道。故选C。5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thefunctionsofsensoryorgans.B.Theconnectivityofourtongueandear.C.Anewborn’ssensesofthesensoryorgans.D.Thedifferencesofsensesbetweenwomenandmen.答案 A解析 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，这篇文章讲的是感觉器官的联系和功能。B(2022·天津部分区县一模)Doyoulistentothesongsthatyourparentslike?Chancesarethatyoudon’t.Youprobablythinkthemusicthattheylikeisoldanddullandthatthesongsonyourplaylistaremuchcooler.Buthereiswhatscientistsfoundrecently：people’smusictasteschangeastheyage，accordingtoastudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Soit’slikelythatyourownmusicalpreferencewillfollowasimilarpathtoyourparents’，whetheryoulikeitornot.15\nWeusedtothinkthatcultureandpersonalityaretheonlyfactorsthataffectone’smusicchoice.ButresearchersattheUniversityofCambridge，UK，gathereddatafrommorethan250,000peopleoverthepast10years.Theynoticedthataspeopleage，theirsocialcircumstanceschange，andsodoestheirmusictastes.Therearethreemusicalperiodsthatpeoplepassthroughastheymature—“intense”，“contemporary”and“sophisticated”.Thefirstperiodcomesintheteenageyears，duringwhichtimepeoplelikeintensemusicsuchaspunkandrockbecauseteenagerstendtobeaggressiveandwanttoestablishtheiridentityasindependentindividuals.Butaspeoplemoveintoearlyadulthood，theirlifestylechanges—theysocializemoreandwanttobuildcloserelationshipswithothers.Asaresult，theybecomemorefondofcontemporarymusic，suchaspopandR&B，whichisusuallyupliftinganddanceableandplayedatpartieswherepeoplehangouttogetherandchat.Whenmiddleagecomes，thingshavesettleddownformostpeople.Thisperiodwillbedominated(支配)bymore“sophisticated”music，suchasjazzandclassical，aswellasmorecatchymusiclikecountry，folk，andblues.“Formany，thislifestageisfrequentlyexhaustedbyworkandfamily，andthereisarequirementforrelaxing，emotive(有感染力的)music，”JasonRentfrow，aresearchermember，toldThetelegraph.Butyoumustbethinking：“Aren’tthereoldpeoplewhoarestillintorockmusic？”Ofcoursethereare.ButRentfrowexplainedthattheirreasonsforlisteningtorockmusicmayhavechanged.“Weusemusicfordifferentreasons，”hesaid，andthusatthatagepeoplemaylistentoremindthemselvesoftheiryouths.语篇解读 本文主要讲述了“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味？”研究发现音乐品味随着年龄的增长而变化。6.Whydochildrenusuallylikedifferentsongsfromtheirparentsaccordingtothepassage?A.Childrenprefercoolmusic.B.Musictastechangeswithage.C.Parents’songsarealwaysdull.D.Parentshavebettersocialcircumstances.答案 B15\n解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Buthereiswhatscientistsfoundrecently：people’smusictasteschangeastheyage”可知，音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化，所以孩子与父母喜欢的音乐不同。可知答案为B。7.Theunderlinedword“catchy”inParagraph7probablymeans“”.A.touchingandeasilyrememberedB.awkwardandeasilycapturedC.elegantbutdifficulttounderstandD.flexibleanddifficulttocatch答案 A解析 词义猜测题。由该画线词后列举的例子，如乡村音乐、民谣音乐和蓝调音乐，以及倒数第二段中的“Formany，thislifestageisfrequentlyexhaustedbyworkandfamily，andthereisarequirementforrelaxing，emotive(动情的)music”可知，画线词的意思是“吸引人的，容易记住的”，故答案为A。8.Middleageisaperiodwhenpeople.A.haveanaggressivegoalB.likepopandR&BC.desirecloseconnectionswithothersD.leadastressfullife答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Formany，thislifestageisfrequentlyexhaustedbyworkandfamily，andthereisarequirementforrelaxing，emotive(动情的)music”可知，对很多人来说，这个人生阶段经常被工作和家庭所累，需要放松的、有感染力的音乐。由此可知，中年是一个有压力的生活时期。故答案为D。9.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Oldpeopledon’tlikerockmusic.B.Musiccanserveasareminder.C.Rockmusicmakesoldpeopleyounger.D.Listeningtorockmusicneedsreasons.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Weusemusicfordifferentreasons，’hesaid，andthusatthatagepeoplemaylistentoremindthemselvesoftheiryouths.”可知，音乐可以作为一个引起人回忆的事物。故答案为B。10.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?15\nA.Whydopeoplelikemusic?B.Howcanyouimproveyourmusictalent?C.Whatinfluencespeople’smusictaste?D.Whydodifferentpeoplelikedifferentmusic?答案 C解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段及第二段首句可知，音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化。所以本文讲述的是“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味？”故选C。题型组合练(十五)Ⅰ.单项填空1.manypeoplesaidthesmartphonemadetheirliveseasier，otherspointedoutitsshortcomings.A.IfB.OnceC.UnlessD.While答案 D解析 句意为：虽然很多人说智能手机让他们的生活更轻松，但也有人指出了它的缺点。if如果；once一旦；unless除非。前后句之间是让步关系，while在此是从属连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，符合语境。故选D。2.Exercise—oratleastgetmoving，whichhelpsthebloodtoandgetsideasmovingaround.A.circulateB.transformC.accelerateD.develop答案 A解析 句意为：做锻炼，至少(身体)活动一下，有助于血液循环，想出好主意。circulate传播，循环；transform转变，改变；accelerate加速，促进；develop发展，形成。故选A。3.Alargequantityofbooksandnewspapersinforeignlanguagesuptonow，nottomentionthoseinChinese.A.hasbeensubscribedtoB.havebeensubscribedtoC.hadbeensubscribedtoD.issubscribedto答案 B15\n解析 句意为：到目前为止，大量的外语书籍和报纸已经被订阅了，更别提那些中文的。主语是booksandnewspapers，谓语用复数，且主谓之间是被动关系，且由uptonow可知应用现在完成时。故选B。4.—Doyouhaveanyshoeswhichmyjacket?—I’mafraidnot.Butyoumayhavemorechoices.A.agreewithB.beginwithC.gowithD.comparewith答案 C解析 句意为：——有和我夹克相配的鞋吗？——恐怕没有了。但是你可以有更多的选择。agreewith与某人(观点)一致，同意(赞同)某人的意见；beginwith以……开始，从……开始；gowith相伴，跟……相配；comparewith(把……)与……相比，比得上，可与……相比，比较。故选C。5.TheargumentarousesquiteinsocietyitisgoodtocancelEnglishtestintheCollegeEntranceExamination.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.whether答案 D解析 句意为：在高考中取消英语考试是否有好处，这常常引起社会的争论。whether在此处引导同位语从句，故选D。6.Theretiredteachersaid，“Bytheyear2022，mysavingsoffallmydebts.”A.willhavepaidB.wouldhavepaidC.havepaidD.hadpaid答案 A解析 句意为：这位退休教师说，“到2022年，我的存款将还清我所有的债务。”将来完成时表示“到将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作”，符合语境。故选A。7.WhatI’mgoingtosaymayoffendsomesensitivelistenersatthemeeting，Ioffermyapologiesinadvance.A.fromwhomB.forwhomC.towhomD.towardswhom答案 C解析 句意为：我的发言可能会冒犯一些敏感的听众，我事先向这些人致歉。offersth.tosb.是固定搭配。这是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。故选C。8.Ourcountryhassuccessfullyestablishedthetemporaryspacelab，whichprovesthat，with15\nanddetermination，allobstaclescanbeovercome.A.requirementB.commitmentC.extensionD.distinction答案 B解析 句意为：我国已成功建立了临时太空实验室，这证明，有了投入和决心，所有的障碍都能被克服。requirement要求；commitment投入，奉献；extension延期，延伸；distinction区别，差别。故选B。9.Ashasbeenaconsensus，thoughsomeonehasdifferentopinions，thatundernocircumstancesanypracticeofdividingChina.A.mayweacceptB.wemayacceptC.wecouldacceptD.didweaccept答案 A解析 句意为：尽管有人有不同意见，但是我们决不可以接受任何分裂中国的行径，这一点已形成共识。undernocircumstances“决不”，当其位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。由语境可知应用一般现在时，排除D项。故选A。10.—Isthisyourfavorite?—ThenewkindofcomputerisOKstyle，butit’sabitoutofcolor，I’mafraid.A.inspiteofB.regardlessofC.intermsofD.forthesakeof答案 C解析 句意为：——这是你的最爱吗？——这种新型电脑在款式方面没有问题，但是颜色恐怕有点过时了。inspiteof虽然，尽管；regardlessof不管，不顾；intermsof根据，就……而言；forthesakeof为了……的缘故。根据句意，C项是最佳答案。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2022·河东区一模)WhenIarrivedatuniversity，Ihadnothinginmybankaccountbutwasgivenabrandnewoverdraft(透支).I’dneverhadonebefore.Soitwasveryexcitingtospendmoneyonshopping，nightsout，andallthejunkfoodmymumhadneverletmeeat.Imanagedtomaxout(达到最高限度)myaccountwithinthreemonthsandsuddenlylifewasn’tsomuchfun.IspentthelasttwoweeksbeforeEasteronadietofporridgeandbecameself-loathing(自我憎恨的)andIalsoblamedAsda(阿斯达超市)forallthetwo-for-one15\ndealsIcouldn’tresist.NowI’mworkingfull-timetorepaymydebts.I’malsosettingupaseparatebankaccountformystudentloantogointotocoverrentandbills.SoI’llbeabletokeepaneyeonmyspending.WithalotofhardworkandsavingovertheholidaysI’mhopingthatI’llbeinbetterfinancialshapefornextyear.Aftermyexperienceinhalls—beingkeptawakeuntil4a.m.andworksurfacespermanentlycoveredinmind—I’mlookingforwardtomovingintoahousewithfriends.Thepartyingandsociallifeinhallsarefantastic，butsometimesyou’reputwithpeopleyoudon’tgetonwith，andit’shardtocopewiththat.Ithelpedmetostaystrong，butIwishIhadstooduptothemratherthanfeltbullied.Ihadareallybadtimeinmyfirstyear，whichiswhyI’mgoingtomakethemostofuniversitynextyear.I’mgoingtobalanceworkwithasociallife，hitFreshers’weekhardandjoinsomesocieties.Withuniversityhandingmesomanyopportunitiesonaplate，IwanttotakeupasmanyasIcanandenjoymyself.11.Theauthorcoulddosomuchshoppingasafreshmanbecause.A.shewaspermittedtooverdraftfromthebankB.herparentssenthermoneythroughthebankC.shewantedtomaxoutheraccountD.shecouldworkfull-time答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“WhenIarrivedatuniversity，Ihadnothinginmybankaccountbutwasgivenabrandnewoverdraft(透支).I’dneverhadonebefore.Soitwasveryexcitingtospendmoneyonshopping...”可知作者在大一时被给了一个透支账户，所以他很兴奋地购物。故选A。12.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraphabouttheauthor?A.Sheenjoyedeatingporridgeforhermeals.B.Shehadtoworktopayforhereducationfee.C.Sheregrettedspendingsomuchmoneyonshopping.D.Shewantedtoborrowmoremoneyforshopping.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“becameself-loathing”“workingfull-timetorepaymydebts”和“keepaneyeonmyspending”可知作者为自己的挥霍后悔，努力工作还债。故选C。13.Fromthistextwecanseethattheauthor.15\nA.gainedalotofmoneythroughworkingB.didn’tgetonwellwithherworkmatesC.feltbulliedbyherfriendsD.workedandsleptinbadcondition答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“beingkeptawakeuntil4a.m.andworksurfacespermanentlycoveredinmind”和“sometimesyou’reputwithpeopleyoudon’tgetonwith，andit’shardtocopewiththat”可知，作者的工作和睡眠状况很差。故选D。14.Theauthormadeuphermindtonextyear.A.makegooduseofheruniversitylifeB.findabetterjobC.takeupmoreplatesD.formsomeorganizations答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Ihadareallybadtimeinmyfirstyear，whichiswhyI’mgoingtomakethemostofuniversitynextyear.I’mgoingtobalanceworkwithasociallife，hitFreshers’weekhardandjoinsomesocieties.”可知，作者决定明年好好利用她的大学生活。故选A。15.Theauthormainlyintroducesherinthepassage.A.opportunitiesatfirstyearofuniversityB.freshmanexperiencesatuniversityC.workingexperiencesatuniversityD.thoughtsonherdailyspending答案 B解析 主旨大意题。文中作者介绍了自己挥霍后悔的大一生活，自己为之付出的代价和今后的打算。B项概括了全文的主旨。故选B。Ⅲ.阅读表达Abrave9-year-oldAmericanboy，JamesBarney，isrecoveringinhospitalafterhefoughtwitha9-foot,400-poundalligatorwithhisbarehands.Andhenowplanstomakeanecklacefromatoothofthealligator，whichdoctorsfoundinawoundonhisback.JamesBarneyspokecalmlyandvividlyabouthisexperienceinhospital.Hewascoveredinabout30teethmarks，doctorssaid.Thelittleboydescribedthatitwasahotdaysohehadparkedhisbikeandjumped15\nintoLakeTohopekaliga—alakethatpeopleareforbiddentoswimin—whenhefeltsomethingbrushagainsthisleg.“Itreallyamazedmewhathappened.Atfirst，Ithoughtsomeonewasjustplayingwithme，andIdidn’tknowwhathappened，”hesaid.“Isoonbecamecalmandreacheddowntograbit，andIfeltitsjaw，Ifeltitsteeth，andIdidn’tknowwhattodo，soIimmediatelyreactedandhititwithmyhands.AndIhadenoughstrengthtomakeitsjawopen.”Thechildpulledthepowerfuljawsopenlongenoughtoslideoutandswimtotheshorequickly.Witnessessaidtheboysurfaced，screamingthathe’dbeenbittenbyanalligator.Theyimmediatelycalled911.“Therewasabigalligator，aboutfivefeetawayfromhim，”onewitnesssaid.“Hewascrawlinguptheshore，screamingandcryingandthealligatorbitalloverhisback.”Hewastakentohospitalwheredoctorsfoundhehadsufferedthreesuperficialbitesandabout30teethmarksaswellasscratchesfromthealligator’sclaws.Doctorsfoundatoothinoneofthelittleboy’swounds，whichhewantedtomakeuseof.“IwanttoputitonanecklacesothatIcantellallmyfriendstowarnthem.AndIwillinhibitthemfromswimminginthelake，”hesaid.16.Whatdidtheboyusetofightwiththealligator?(nomorethan5words)Hisbarehands.解析 根据文章首句“Abrave9-year-oldAmericanboy，JamesBarney，isrecoveringinhospitalafterhefoughtwitha9-foot,400-poundalligatorwithhisbarehands.”可知，这个男孩是赤手空拳和短吻鳄斗争的。17.Whatdidtheboydobeforeheswamtotheshore?(nomorethan10words)Hehitthealligatorandpulledthepowerfuljawsopen.解析 根据第二段的句子“...soIimmediatelyreactedandhititwithmyhands.AndIhadenoughstrengthtomakeitsjawopen.”可知，男孩游上岸之前用手击打短吻鳄，让它的上颚张开。18.Whatdidthewitnessesdowhentheysawtheboy?(nomorethan6words)Theyimmediatelycalled911.解析 根据第三段前两句“Witnessessaidtheboysurfaced，screamingthathe’dbeenbittenbyanalligator.Theyimmediatelycalled911.”可知，目击者看到男孩后，立即拨打了911。19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhibit”mostprobablymean?(1word)Stop/Prevent.解析 根据画线词上文的句子“IwanttoputitonanecklacesothatIcantellall15\nmyfriendstowarnthem.”可知，男孩想阻止他的朋友去湖里游泳。inhibit最可能是“阻止”的意思。20.WhatdoyouthinkofJamesBarney?Giveyourreasons.(nomorethan20words)Heiscalmandbrave，forhecanfightwiththealligatorwithbarehandsanddescribestheaccidentcalmly.解析 由他敢赤手空拳和短吻鳄斗争，事后很冷静地描述这件事可知，他很冷静和勇敢。15
