专题九 情态动词和虚拟语气1.(2022·江苏卷)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,________bringmefood.A.might B.would C.should D.could2.(2022·北京卷)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.A.Can B.Must C.Shall D.Should3.(2022·湖南卷)—I'vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanwe________bringanythingwithus?A.can'tB.mustn'tC.shan'tD.needn't4.(2022·江西卷)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest________becometherichest.A.shallB.mustC.need D.might5.(2022·北京卷)We________backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe6.(2022·福建卷)________nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.Ifthereare D.Iftherehavebeen7.(2022·天津卷)________themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.DidhecatchB.ShouldbecatchC.Hashecaught D.Hadhecaught8.(2022·浙江卷)Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey________toourhelp.A.wouldhavecomeB.couldcomeC.havecome D.hadcome9.(2022·大纲卷)Althoughyou________findbargainsinLondon,it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.A.shouldB.need C.must D.can 10.(2022·湖南卷)IfMr.Dewey________present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.A.wereB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.was1.【答案】C【解析】句意：让我难过的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还要给我带吃的。should此处意为“竟然”，表惊讶。2.【答案】A【解析】句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很长时间的。表示询问对方是否允许，can与shall均可用于第一人称，但can侧重满足自身需求。根据句意可知，本题使用CanI．..？更合适。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：——我已经为野餐准备了各种食物。——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了？本题考查的是情态动词否定意义辨析。can't(不可能；不能)；mustn't(禁止，-10-\n千万不能)；needn't(不必；不需要)；shan't(不应该)，常用口语形式。4.【答案】D【解析】句意：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也许会成为最富有的人。shall(将要)；must(必须，一定)；need(需要)；might(也许)。根据前句“Lifeisunpredictable”，说明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：如果你没有把地图丢了，我们现在就会回到宾馆里了。本题考查的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中使用一般过去时或were，主句使用woulddo形式。根据从句的did可知本句是与现在事实相反，故D项正确。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：如果没有现代的电信业，要想得到世界各地的消息，我们就不得不等几个星期。本题题是一个if条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，if从句中使用过去时或were，主句使用woulddo形式；另外，在if从句中如含有were,had或should时，可在if被省略的同时，were，had或should放在从句句首构成部分倒装。7.【答案】D【解析】句意：如果他赶上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。本题考查的是if引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反，条件句中使用过去完成时，主句使用“情态动词＋havedone”；当条件句中的if省略的时候，要把had提前形成部分倒装，故D项正确。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里，他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来帮助我们的。本句考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句，句中的or相当于iftheyhadnotgoneabroad，因为前面句中使用的是were，说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反，所以主句中使用的是“情态动词＋havedone”的形式，故A项正确。9.【答案】D【解析】句意：尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货，但总的说来那不是一个购物便宜的地方。should(应该；竟然)；need(需要)；must(必须，一定；非得，偏偏)；can(能够，可能，有时会)。根据句意可知用can，表示“有时可能，有时会”。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：如果Mr.Dewey在场，他就会向那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。本题考查的是条件状语从句虚拟语气中的与过去事实相反的情况。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要使用过去完成时，主句要使用“情态动词＋havedone”。根据本句后面主句中的“wouldhaveoffered”说明是与过去事实相反，故从句中使用过去完成时。高考中，试题对情态动词和虚拟语气的考核常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对该语法项目的理解与掌握。因此，在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词和虚拟语气在高考中的热点依次为：对过去的虚拟语气，尤其是“情态动词＋havedone”的考查频率较高；情态动词表推测和可能性；情态动词表示请求、允许和允诺；以及情态动词的否定。要点储备一：情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法否定式例句-10-\ncan能力(体力、智力、技能)允许或许可(口语中常用)可能性(表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中)肯定句中表理论上的可能性，意为“有时会”Howcanitbethat从句？怎么会……？can'tbutdosth.＝can'thelpbutdosth.＝havetodosth.不得不做某事can't/cannever...enough再……也不为过can'thelpdoingsth./beingdone忍不住做cannot/cannot/can'tdoAblindmancan'tjudgecolors.—Couldyougivemeahandwiththebag？—Sure.Howcanitbethatheislateforsuchanimportantmeeting？Itcanbewarmhereinwinter.Ican'tbutcomplainabouttheservice.Youcan'tbecarefulenough.Wecouldn'thelplaughingatthejokes.couldcouldn'tdo不可能；不能；不可以may可以(问句中表示请求)可能，或许(表推测)祝愿(用于倒装句中)may/mightaswelldo不妨做maywell(not)do很可能(不)做maynotdo—May/MightIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youmay/can.(No,youmustn't/can't./I'mafraidnot.)Wemayaswellstayindoorstoday.Hemaywellrefusetotalktoyou.mightmightnotdo可能不会做must必须，应该(表主观要求)肯定，想必(肯定句中表推测)与if，how，why连用，表“非得要”mustnot/mustn'tdo禁止，不允许做—MustIhandinthepaper？—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't/don'thaveto./You'dbetternot.)Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.haveto只好，不得不(客观的必须，有时态人称变化)don'thavetodo没必要做Wedon'thavetogohomenow—it'sstillearly.oughtto应当(表示义务责任，口语中多用should)理该、按道理应该(表猜测)oughtnotto/oughtn'ttodo不应该做—Oughtwetoobservetherule？—Yes,weought.(No,weoughtn't.)-10-\nshall将要，会(表时态意义，用于第一人称)用于一三人称表示征求对方意见(用于疑问句)用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁、决心、条约规定等(用于陈述句)shallnot/shan'tdo不会/不允许/不可以做Shalltheapplicantwaitoutside？Youshallleavetheroomatonceandsheshalltoo.YoushallhavethebookafterIreadit.should应当，应该(表义务责任)；理该会本该(含有责备意味)；万一；竟然Why/Howshould...？表说话人对某事不理解，感到意外或惊异shouldnot/shouldn'tdo不应该做Youshouldcallhimandapologize.Suchagentlemanshouldbesorudetothelady.Whyshouldhebesolatetoday？will意愿，决心；习惯；客观趋势，临时起意请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉sth.won't/wouldn'tdo怎么也不……willnot/won'tdo—Will/Woulddomeafavor？—Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon't.)wouldwouldnot/wouldn'tdo不愿做；怎么也不做Shewilltakeawalkaftersupper.Thedoorwon'topen.dare敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中)darednotdosth.＝didn'tdare(to)dosth.darenot/daren'tdo不敢做Darehegooutaloneatnight？—Yes,hedare.(No,hedaren't.)need需要必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)neednot/needn'tdo没必要做NeedItellhimthenews？—Yes,youmust./I'mafraidyouhaveto.(No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.)usedto过去常常(现在已不再)Thereusedtobe＋n.usednot/usedn't/didn'tusetodo过去不常做Usedhetosmoke？Yes,heused. (No,heuse(d)n't.)＝—Didheusetosmoke？—Yes,hedid. (No,hedidn't.)要点储备二：情态动词must,may,might,could,can表示推测-10-\n1must＋be是推测现在存在的一般状态must＋bedoing推测可能正在进行的事情must＋havedone是推测可能已经发生过的事情。may,might,can用法相同must意为“肯定，一定”，语气强，只用于肯定句中。注意其反义疑问：HemustbeamanfromAmerica,isn'the？Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend,isn'the？Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere,hasn't/didn'the？Youmothermusthavebeentoldaboutthetruthjustnow,wasn'tshe？2may和might意为“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握，可用于肯定句和否定句Hemaynotbeathome.Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.3can和could意为“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can语气强，用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句中Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.—Canhebeintheofficenow？—No,hecan'tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.要点储备三：情态动词＋havedone用法例句表推测时(陈述)：may/mighthavedonesth.(语气不肯定)过去可能做了某事can't/couldn'thavedonesth.(语气肯定)过去不可能做了某事musthavedonesth.(语气肯定)过去一定做了某事shouldhavedonesth.应该已做完某事；竟然做了某事(表惊讶)oughttohavedonesth.应该已做完某事Ididn'tseeMaryatthemeetingyesterday.—Shemighthavebeenill,Iguess.Thestreetsarealldry.Itcouldn'thaverainedduringthenight.Thestreetsareallwet;itmusthaverainedduringthenight.Ihardlyimaginesuchagentlemanshouldhavebeensorudetotheoldlady.TheyshouldhavearrivedinBeijingbythistime.表责备时(虚拟)：mighthavedonesth.过去本可能做而未做couldhavedonesth.过去本能做而未做shouldhavedonesth.过去本该做而未做oughttohavedonesth.过去本应该做而未做区别：needn'thavedonesth.过去本不必做却做了didn'tneedtodosth.＝Itwasn'tnecessarytodosth.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,evenifhewasverybusy.—Didyoulistentothespeech？—No,wecouldhaveattendedit.Butwehadalotoftrafficonourway.Yourbrother'sfailedinEnglishagain.Yououghtto/shouldhavegivenhimmorehelp.—Mr.Smithdidn'tcomelastnight,didhe？—No.Weneedn'thavewaitedforhim.Awholenightwaswasted.—Sorry,sir.Ididn'tattendyesterday'smeeting.—Youdidn'tneedtocome.Actually,themeetingwascancelled.-10-\n表意愿时(虚拟)：wouldhavedonesth.想做而未做，本可以做而未做某事wouldliketohavedonesth.想做而未做某事wouldratherhavedonesth.宁愿做某事而未做某事Iwouldliketohavegonetoyourhelp,butIwastoobusy.Thefilmwasabore.Iwouldratherhavestayedathome.表未曾实现的希望，打算、意图、诺言等：hadhoped/planned/...＋todo＝hoped/planned/...＋tohavedone＝should/wouldliketohavedone＝would(rather)havedone＝was/weretohavedonewasgoingto...本打算……Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenthefamousstar.Iwastohavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Ihadwantedtocomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Iwantedtohavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Iwouldliketohavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Iwouldhavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.要点储备四：虚拟语气类别用法例句if引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句谓语：过去式(be用were)主句谓语：should/would/could/might＋动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句谓语：had＋过去分词主句谓语：should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句谓语：过去式/should＋动词原形/were＋不定式主句谓语：should/would/could/might＋动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.if条件句的倒装省略如从句中含有had,were,should时，可把该词移至从句句首，同时省略ifIfIwereyou＝WereIyou,Iwouldtakethejob.错综虚拟如主从句中使用不同的时间状语，主从句的虚拟则要依据各自时间状语IfIhadstudiedmedicineincollege,Icouldhelpyounow.(should)＋dosth.类宾语从句advise，suggest,recommend,ask,demand,require,request,order,command,decide,insist,urge后接的宾语从句中谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可省略区别：Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill.Heinsistedhehaddonenothingwrongandthathe(should)besetfreeatonce.-10-\n主语从句Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/amazing＋that从句Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requested/arranged/decided＋that从句Itisapity/ashame/nowonder＋that从句(that从句中谓语为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.It'sapitythatwemissedsuchagoldenchance.It'sdemandedthathe(should)goatonce.表语从句主语是idea,suggestion,order,request,decision,urge等，其后的表语从句中谓语为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略Mysuggestionisthatheshouldbeoperatedonatonce.Theirdecisionisthattheybuyit.同位语从句以urge,idea,suggestion,order,request,decision等为先行词的同位语从句中，谓语为should＋动词原形，should可省略Imadeasuggestionthatheshouldbeoperatedonatonce.ThesuggestionImadeatthemeetingwasturneddown.wish类wish从句＝Ifonly从句一般过去时(对现在虚拟)过去完成时/couldhavedone(对过去虚拟)could/might/would＋dosth.(对将来虚拟)IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.Iwishhehadvisitedusthen.＝Ifonlyhehadvisitedusthen.“情态动词＋have(been)done”表对过去的虚拟详见要点储备三常见结构主语＋would/could/might/...havedone,but＋主语＋过去时；主语＋过去时，otherwise＋主语＋would/could/might/...havedonebutforsth.＝butthat＋主语＋过去时＝without＋n.＝ifithadnotbeenfor...,主语＋would/could/might/...havedone主语＋hadwanted/meant/intended/hoped/...,but＋主语＋过去时Iwouldhavegonetohelpyou,butIwastoobusy.＝Iwastoobusy,otherwiseIwouldhavegonetohelpyou.Butfortherain,Iwouldhavegonetothecinema.-10-\n状语从句asif引导的状语从句中谓语用过去式或过去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.inorderthat/sothat引导的目的状语从句中谓语用“can/could/may/might/would/...＋动词原形”Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.其他句型中Itis(high/about)time＋that从句中谓语用过去式或“should＋动词原形”It'shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的从句中谓语用过去式或者过去完成式分别表对现在将来或对过去的虚拟Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.表祝愿Longlive＋主语！May＋主语＋动词原形！LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina！Mayyoubehappy！重点突破近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率基本稳定，但试题中的有效信息越来越隐蔽，情景越来越生动真实，考查的角度越来越细微。除了从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征外，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法并在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征显得尤为重要。1.You________worryaboutmystudies—Iknowquiteclearlywhattodoatschool.A.shouldn't B.mustn'tC.needn't D.can't2.Itisrequiredbylawthatenoughevidence________toproveoneisinnocentofacrime.A.isprovided B.hasbeenprovidedC.beprovided D.havebeenprovided3.Beingconstantlyexposedtoadvertisementsisannoying,butit________bepleasantsometimes.A.shall B.need C.can D.must4.I'dliketoaskaquestionifI________．A.must B.need C.will D.may5.—Wherehaveyoubeen?—I________intheheavytraffic.OtherwiseI________hereearlier.A.havegotstuck;wouldhavecomeB.gotstuck;wasC.gotstuck;wouldhavecomeD.hadtostick;wouldcome6.—It'ssocoldhere!Whynotclosethedoor?—Sorry.It________.I'llhaveitrepairedassoonaspossible.A.won'tshut B.won'tbeshut-10-\nC.doesn'tshut D.isn'tshut7.Theupsetmotherthoughttoherself,“IfonlyI________what'sgoingoninmylittleboy'sheadrightnow.”A.hadknown B.knowC.knew D.haveknown8.—Where________Maryhaveputtheemptybottles?—She________themaway.Theymustbesomewhere.A.can;can'thavethrown B.must;needn'tC.must;musthavethrown D.can;mustn'thavethrown9.—IwonderifSuewillbeherebyfive.—Don'tworry!Shejustwenttocollectherkids.She________bebackbythen.A.should B.canC.would D.might10.You________usemybikeonconditionthatyougiveitbacktomebeforeIleavehere.A.should B.must C.oughtto D.shall11.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will12.Ireallydon'tknowhowtothankyou,butforyourhelp,I________mylostnecklace.A.couldn'thavefound B.shouldn'thavefoundC.wouldn'thavefound D.needn'thavefound13.—Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight?—Sorry,butIdowishI________．A.had B.can C.will D.could14.________he________methenewsyesterday,Iwouldbeatthepartynow.A.Should;tell B.Did;tellC.Had;told D.Were;totell15.Itistimethatparents________moreabouttheirchildren'smentalhealth.A.cancare B.careC.mustcare D.cared1.【答案】C【解析】句意：你不必担心我的学习——我非常清楚地知道在学校我该干什么。根据破折号后的内容，可知选needn't。2.【答案】C【解析】句意：依照法律要求，证明一个人无罪需要提供足够的证据。表示“要求”的动词require在与其相关的名词性从句中用虚拟语气。3.【答案】C【解析】句意：不断地接触到广告是很烦人的，但有时候也让人愉快。can表“有时会”，不表具体某事的可能性，常与sometimes/attimes等连用。4.【答案】D【解析】句意：如果我可以问的话，我想问一个问题。must(必须);need(需要);will(决心，要);may(可以)。这里表示请求允许，选D项。5.【答案】C【解析】句意：——你去哪儿了？——路上堵车了，-10-\n否则我会早早就来到这里。第一空表过去受阻，用被动语态gotstuck；第二空为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用wouldhavedone形式。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：——这里太冷了，为什么不关门？——很抱歉，门关不上，我会尽快找人来修理。won't与某些动词连用，表主语的性质特征，不强调动作本身，一般用主动表被动。7.【答案】C【解析】句意：那个沮丧的母亲心里想：“要是我知道此刻我儿子的大脑里到底发生了什么就好了。”ifonly从句中对现在的虚拟用一般过去时。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：——Mary可能把空瓶子放在什么地方了？——她不可能把它们都扔掉了，瓶子一定在某个地方。第一空在疑问句中表可能性，只能用can；第二空表“不可能做了某事”，用can'thavedone，注意不可以用mustn't表推测。9.【答案】A【解析】句意：——我想知道Sue五点是否能到这。——别担心！她只是去接孩子。到时她该回来了。should表“理该会，按照道理应该”。10.【答案】D【解析】句意：你可以用我的自行车，条件是在我离开这之前你得还我车。shall此处表承诺。11.【答案】B【解析】句意：如果明天下雨，我们将推迟参观杨浦大桥。主句中用wouldhaveto表对将来的虚拟，从句中使用should，将其提前并同时省略了if。12.【答案】A【解析】句意：我真的不知道该怎么感谢你。要不是你的帮助，我就不可能找到丢失的项链。couldn'thavefound表示对过去的否定推测，符合句意。shouldn'thavefound表责备；wouldn'thavefound(本不会发现而发现了)；needn'thavefound(没必要发现而发现了)，这三项均不符句意。13.【答案】D【解析】句意：——今晚你能参加我们的晚会吗？——对不起，但我的确希望我能。wish的宾语从句中，对将来虚拟用过去将来时，在本句中could＝couldgotoyourparty,为避免重复，只保留could。14.【答案】C【解析】句意：如果他昨天告诉我这个消息，我现在就会在聚会上了。这是个错综时间的虚拟语气，从句与过去的事实相反，应该是Ifhehadtoldmethenewsyesterday,本句将had提前并同时省略了if，所以选C项。15.【答案】D【解析】句意：该到家长们更多地关心孩子精神健康的时候了。It'stimethat从句中从句时态用一般过去时。请使用“课后训练·语法专项突破九”活页练习，及时查漏补缺！-10-
