专题三 代 词1.(2022·安徽卷)Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.________hereiswillingtolendyouahand.A.One B.NooneC.Everyone D.Someone2.(2022·江苏卷)Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembers,but________tonone.A.something B.anythingC.everything D.nothing3.(2022·福建卷)Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein________，knivesandforks.A.another B.othersC.both D.all4.(2022·江西卷)—WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?—________.I'llbeinallday.A.Any B.NoneC.Neither D.Either5.(2022·浙江卷)Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,making________thedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.A.each B.itC.this D.one6.(2022·大纲卷)—Who'sthatatthedoor?—________isthemilkman.A.He B.ItC.This D.That7.(2022·山东卷)Susanmade________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A.that B.thisC.it D.her8.(2022·陕西卷)I'dappreciate________ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.A.it B.youC.one D.this9.(2022·四川卷)She'dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked________andmovedtoCambridge.A.both B.neitherC.none D.either10.(2022·重庆卷)Asmilecosts________butgivesmuch.A.anything B.somethingC.nothing D.everything1.【答案】C【解析】句意：你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都乐意帮助你。one(某一个人、物)表泛指；noone＝nobody(没有人)；everyone(每个人)强调全体；someone(某个人)。本句强调所有人都愿意，故选C项。-10-\n2.【答案】C【解析】句意：优秀的家庭对家庭成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。something(某些事情；重要人物)；anything(任何事情，一些事情)；nothing(没有东西，无关紧要的东西)。everything(一切)符合句意。3.【答案】B【解析】句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在其他国家，人们用刀叉。some...,others...是对称结构。4.【答案】D【解析】句意：——我什么时候打电话过来？早晨还是下午？——都可以，我一天都在。根据句意应答者在早晨和下午两种情况中作出选择。A、B两项表三者或三者以上的情况；neither表两者都不。5.【答案】B【解析】句意：去年平均降雨量为18.75厘米，让去年成为1850年加利福尼亚建州以来最干燥的一年。each表三者或以上的任何一个；it指上文提及的同一事物；this指代上文或下文内容；one指代可数名词，表泛指。本句中it指lastyear。6.【答案】B【解析】句意：——谁在门边？——是送奶工。it指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲门等)，符合本句情形。7.【答案】C【解析】句意：Susan向我说清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。it是形式宾语，真正宾语为that从句。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。Iwouldappreciateitif/when...(如果……我将感激不尽)是固定句式。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过，但这两个地方她都不喜欢，于是搬到了剑桥。none表三者或以上的否定；both(两者都)；either(两者中的任何一个)。neither(两者都不)符合题意。10.【答案】C【解析】句意：微笑不要我们花费任何东西，但给予我们很多。本题中的关键词是but，说明上下文之间是转折关系，所选之词要和后面的much表相反的意思，故选C项。高考代词主要考查不定代词、替代词、it的用法以及复合代词。阅读理解的选项中有时会出现对全部否定与部分否定的判断。要点储备一：代词主要用来指代人、事物或事件，就是代替出现过的特定词、短语或句子，避免重复。有以下几类1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them用人称代词作简略回答时，要用宾格。如：—Whoisknockingatthedoor？—Me,Tom.-10-\n2物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some5疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代词one/some/any,each/every＋n.,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittleother/another,all/both,neither/either8复合代词someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing9兼作形容词的不定代词each，all,any,none,both,either,neither,few,little,many,much,some10相互代词eachother,oneanother要点储备二：不定代词用法注意点1.one,some与any词汇用法举例one可以泛指任何人，复数为onesOneshouldlearntothinkofothers.some多用于肯定句；也可用于疑问句，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议、请求等Ihavesomequestionstoask.Wouldyoulikesomebananas？Couldyougivemesomemoney？Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Therearesome3，000studentsinthisschool.some修饰可数名词单数时，表示某个(＝acertain)；some和数词连用时，表示“大约”any多用于疑问句和否定句中，以及if之后Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.Doyoufeelanybettertoday？any修饰可数名词单数时，表示“任何一个”；any可与比较级连用，表示程度2.no，none,noone,nobody与nothing词汇用法举例no等于notany/a/an，作定语Thereisnosuchpersonintheoffice.none既可指人也可指物，既可指可数名词，也可指不可数名词；用于回答Howmany/much疑问句Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle？—None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.I'dlikesomebread,buttherewasnoneinthefridge.-10-\nnoone＝nobody一般指人，其后不能加of短语；作主语时谓语动词用单数；指代句子前面出现的somebody/anybody/everybody；用于回答Who疑问句Whotoldyouthenews？—Nobody.Ireadthenewspaper.—Isthereanyoneintheroom？—Nobody/Noone.nothing泛指，只表物；作主语时谓语动词用单数；指代句子前面出现的something/anything/everything；用于回答What疑问句What'sinthebox?—Nothing.Nothingisimpossibleifyouputyourheartintoit.3.other,theother与another词汇用法举例other泛指“另外的，别的”，常与其他词连用：some/any/no/every＋other＋名词some...others;one...theother;eachother;nootherbut(不是正是)theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherwayJohnisn'there.Hemightbeinsomeotherroom.Idon'tlikethiscolor.Doyouhaveanyothers？HeisnootherbutTom.theother特指两者中的另外一个，复数为theothers，等同于“the＋名词复数”Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.another意为“又一个，另一个”，无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人/事”；another与复数名词连用表“另外”常用短语：one...another(一个，另一个)；oneanother(彼此)Idon'tlikethisshirt;pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong;pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.Anotherthreestudents/Threeotherstudentswerelatethismorning.Anotherfiveminutes/FivemoreminutesandI'llfinishthework.4.all,both,neither与either词汇用法举例all表物时，all＝everything，其谓语动词用单数；表人时，all＝allthepeople,其谓语动词用复数；加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用none，nothing，nobodyAllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish.＝NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.＝SomeofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Somearenot.both加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither,等同于not...eitherBothofusarenotteachers.＝Notbothofusareteachers.＝Eitherofusisateacher.either意为“两者中的任何一个”either...or...意为“要么……，要么……”；not...either＝neither；Idon'tlikeeitherofthewatches.＝Ilikeneitherofthewatches.Youcaneitherstayorleave.It'suptoyou.-10-\n—Willyougotherebybusorbycar？—Neither.Iwillgotherebytrain.5.it,that,one,ones,those与theones词汇用法举例it代替前面提到的同一个名词；或指代上文内容；用于一定句式Fathersearchedeverywhereforhisgoldenwatch,butcouldn'tfinditanywhere.that指代不可数名词，表特指时，等同于theone;若后置定语为of引起的介词短语时，则通常用that，指人或后有前置定语修饰时只能用theoneTheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangzhou.Yourdictionaryismoreusefulthantheonemyunclegaveme.Fewpleasurescanequalthatofacooldrinkonahotday.oneone与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物，前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等Auntgavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(＝apresent)thatIhadneverseen.Whichdoyouwant？—Theredone.Greenapplesoftentastebetterthanredones.onesthose在口语中，多用those来替代特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有of引导的介词短语或who引导的定语从句修饰时(＝theones)；代替特指的复数名词，通常用theonesHisideasarelittledifferentfromthoseofhisfriends.Studentswhodowellinexaminationsarethose/theoneswhoaskquestionsinclass.Aretheytheoneswhomovedhererecently？I'dliketotryonthoseshoes,theonesatthefrontofthewindow.theones6.this,these,that与those用法例句this/these一般指在时间或距离上离讲话者较近的人或物，that/those则表示在时间或距离上离讲话者较远的人或物ThatiswhatIexplainedyesterday；thisiswhatIwanttoexplainnow.this有时指代前面的整个句子或整段描述，也可指代即将进行的描述；that一般只指代上文Ifweputourfoodintoarefrigeratoritbecomesverycoldandthiscanstopitfromgoingbad.that/those可指代前面所提及的同类名词，以避免重复Thespeedofradiowavesisequaltothatoflight.Themagazinesontheshelfseemmoredifficulttoreadthanthoseonthedesk.this/that有时可用作状语，表示程度，意为“这么”“那么”That'sabeautifulleatherwallet,butIcan'taffordtopaythatmuch.要点储备三：“it”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予足够的重视用法例句实词指代前文提到的事物；替代前文中的内容Iboughtapenlastweekbutitismissingnow.Hefailedintheexamagain.Itmadehimverysad.Whocanbeknockingatthedoor?—Itmustbe-10-\n指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲门，打电话时用)；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事Tom.Heiswelloverfifty,butdoesn'tlookit.指代时间、天气、环境、气候、距离等自然现象Itwasnearlymidnightwhenhecameback.Welcometomyhomeifitisconvenienttoyou.替代模糊概念，无补语，指代从句所叙内容Idon'tlikeitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.Youcandependonitthathewillcometoyourhelp.形式主语替代作主语的动词不定式、动名词、主语从句：Itbe＋adj.＋(forsb.)todosth.Itbe＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.It's(well)worthdoing...It's＋n．/adj./v.－ed＋that从句It＋vi.＋that/wh－从句It＋vt.＋sb.＋that从句Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisnosecret/surprisethatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.Itisveryclearthathe'sroundandtalllikeatree.Itissaidthatthecouplehavegotdivorced.It'snotsettledwhetherIamgoingabroad.Itappearsthatitisgoingtorain.Itturnedoutthattheordinarymanwasarichone.Itmakesnodifferencewhowilltakethepost.Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.形式宾语vt.＋it＋n./adj.vt.＋it＋adj./n.(one's)doingv.＋it＋as＋n．/adj.＋从句v.＋it＋prep.＋that从句(句型详见名词性从句)Weconsideritourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.Ithinkitnousearguingwiththestubbornman.Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.Thestudentowesittohistutorthathesucceeded.Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.Itakeitthatyouwantedsomethingelse.强调句型Itis/was＋强调物＋that＋句子余下部分Itis/was＋强调人＋who/that＋句子余下部分★强调句中的主语、宾语和状语等，连接词不可使用when,where,howWhenwasitthathechangedhismind？Iwonderwhatitwasthatmadehimsad.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.ItwasnotuntilhetookoffhisdarkglassesthatIrealizedhewasmybrother-10-\n与强调句型易混句型Itisthefirsttimethat＋现在完成时Itwasthefirsttimethat＋过去完成时Itis(high)timethat＋过去时/shoulddoIt's...since＋过去时Itwillbe...before＋现在时Itwas...before＋过去时Itwas＋时间名词＋when...Itwas＋地点名词＋where...Itwas＋状语＋that...It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadbeenabroad.It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.ItistwoyearssinceIsawhimlasttime.ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.Itwillbelongbeforemydreamcomestrue.Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.常用的固定搭配及其他句型Ittakessb.sth.todo...It's(just)(un)likesb.todo...makeit(成功做到，赶上，及时到达；约定好时间)asitis(事实上；照原样)that'sit(至此为止，没有别的；对啦)Asithappened,...(真不凑巧，真遗憾)Asitturnedout,...(最后被证明是)Believeitornot(信不信由你)It'suptosb.(由某人决定，由某人负责，取决于某人)ifitweren'tfor.../ifithadn'tbeenfor...(要不是……)(其余it口语用法见情景交际)Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.—Shallwemeetnextweek？—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.Leavethetableasitis.Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.—Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”．—That'sit.Asithappened,theywereoutwhenIcalledonthemyesterday.Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.—Shallwegooutfordinner？—It'suptoyou.Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.要点储备四：反身代词的习惯用语搭配含义例句besideoneself由于气愤、激动等而近乎发狂、忘形Hewasbesidehimselfwithjoy(欣喜若狂)whenheheardthenewsthathehadpassedtheexam.byitself自动地Thecomputermayshutoffbyitself.byoneself单独地、独自地Ican'tfinishtheworkbymyself.foroneself亲自You'dbettergotoseeifyoursonhasgonetoschoolforyourself.inoneself本质上，自身Moneyinitselfmeantnothingtothem.tooneself独占、独用Everyonewouldratherhaveabedroomtooneself.absentoneself缺课、缺勤Heabsentedhimselffromworkbecausehehadtheflu.adaptoneselfto适应于Youshouldadaptyourselftothechangedconditions.applyoneself专心致志于It'shardtoapplyyourselftosomedullwork.-10-\ntobeoneself处于正常状态Itlooksasiftheboyisnothimselftoday.behaveoneself规矩点Youknowthatisnotthewaytobehaveoneself.cometo(oneself)苏醒过来Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimselflyinginhospital.devoteoneselfto专心于；献身于Iwilldevotemyselftoscienceinthefuture.enjoyoneself玩得开心，过得愉快Ihopeyou'llenjoyyourselves.findoneself...不自觉间发现自己……It'snofuntofindoneselfattheendoftherope.helponeselfto...自取Hehelpedhimselftothemoneyonthetable.makeoneselfathome不要拘束，不要客气Justmakeyourselfathome.seatoneself坐Theguestseatedhimselfattheotherendofthetable.thinkforoneself独立思考Onehastolearntothinkforoneselftreatoneselftosth.用某物款待自己Iusuallytreatmyselftosomemusicafteraday'shardwork.重点突破掌握各类代词基本用法；重点关注高考热点与代词短语；牢记it惯用法并依据语境灵活运用。1.MrShen'smethodofteachingisnothinglike________oftheteachersatmyjuniorhighschool.A.theone B.one C.that D.it2.Ilike________intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.that C.it D.one3.NelsonMandeladevotedallhislifetothestruggleoftheAfricanpeopleand________ofeverynationthatseeksfreedom.A.it B.oneC.thoseD.that4.Thecustomerdidn'tchoose________ofthetiesandwentawaywithoutlookingatathirdone.A.manyB.anyC.allD.either5.Thepresident'sspeechwas________boring;itis,infact,ratherinspiringandinteresting.A.anythingbutB.nothingbutC.nomoreD.allbut6.—Doyouthinkalltheplayersaregood?—________ofthemareverygood.Butsomecouldhavebeenbetter.A.None B.Few C.MostD.All7.Doyouexpect________tobeapossibilitythatweshallbeabletoaffordtheparticularfurnitureweneed?A.itB.thereC.that D.one8.Women'sDayisaroundthecorner,andI'mconsideringbuyingagiftforMum,________thatis-10-\ntohertaste.A.forwhichB.whichC.theone D.one9.AsMrsRooseveltput________，I'dratherlightacandlethancomplainaboutthedarkness.A.itB.thatC.this D.them10.—Whatkindofhousewouldyoulike?—I'dlike________withaswimming－poolatthebackof________．A.it;oneB.one;oneC.it;it D.one;it11.Thepricesystemisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyas________ofagreatnumberofservices.A.theoneB.thatC.ones D.those12.—Whatkindofpeopledoyouneedfortheposition?—________withagoodcommandofEnglish.A.Anyone B.WhoeverC.Whomever D.Anyonewho13.Wewon'tforgetthefinancialcrisisandthetroubles________hascausedtothepeopleallovertheworld.A.which B.this C.what D.it14.—MaryandBettylookexactlythesametome.—Oh,sometimesIalsofindithardtotellonefrom________．A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers15.—You'vepassedthedrivingtest?—No.Youseethenewdrivingtestrulesaremuchstricterthan________inthepast.A.thatB.oneC.thoseD.ones1.【答案】C【解析】句意：MsShen的教学方式与我初中老师的迥然不同。这里one只能代替上文出现的可数名词单数，并且指的是一类，并非同一个；one前有the表示特指；it代替上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，并且与上文指的是同一个；that特指前面提到的名词，that和被代替的名词并非指同一事物，而是同类事物，当后面有介词短语修饰时，经常用that。2.【答案】C【解析】句意：我喜欢秋天，那时候天气晴朗明亮。考查固定句型Ilikeitwhen从句。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：NelsonMandela把他的一生都奉献给了非洲人民以及每个追求自由民族的斗争中。本句中that特指前面提到的名词thestruggle,表同类，避免重复。4.【答案】D【解析】句意：这个顾客没有挑中哪一条领带，第三条看都没看就走了。本题的关键词是athirdone，A、B、C三项都表三者以上。not...either＝neither。5.【答案】A【解析】句意：总统的演讲一点也不枯燥；事实上很鼓舞人心很有趣。anythingbut＝not-10-\nnearly＝notatall(一点也不)；nothingbut＝only;nomore要有比较对象；allbut(除了……全部)。6.【答案】C【解析】句意：——你认为所有的队员都很棒吗？——大部分很好。但有些可以表现得更好。本句关键信息是somecouldhavebeenbetter，故选most最合适。7.【答案】B【解析】句意：你认为我们有可能买得起我们想要的那套特别的家具吗？thereisapossibilitythat...(有可能……)。8.【答案】D【解析】句意：妇女节即将来临，我在考虑买份礼物给妈妈，一份合她口味的礼物。本句中空格前是个完整的句子，后面是个已有连词的定语从句，排除A、B两项。theone表特指，礼物还没买，不确定，故选D项。9.【答案】A【解析】句意：正如MrsRoosevelt所说的，与其抱怨黑暗，不如点燃蜡烛。本句考查固定句型assb.putsit,意为“正如某人所说”。10.【答案】D【解析】句意：——你想要什么样的房子？——我想要一所后面有游泳池的房子。第一空，one＝“a＋单数名词”，指代ahouse；第二空，it表同名同物，指代前面提到的这所房子。11.【答案】D【解析】句意：价格系统是一个复杂的网状系统，它包括经济方面所有被买进和售出产品的价格以及大量服务项目的价格。those＝“the＋复数名词”，代指theprices。12.【答案】A【解析】句意：——这个职位需要什么样的人？——任何一个英语好的人。B、C、D三项后面要跟句子，只有anyone后可以接短语作定语。13.【答案】D【解析】句意：我们忘不了金融危机以及它给世界人民带来的麻烦。it指前面提到的thefinancialcrisis。14.【答案】C【解析】句意：——Mary和Betty在我看来长得一模一样。——噢，有时我也发现很难分辨她们。谈论两者时用：one...theother。15.【答案】C【解析】句意：——你的驾考通过了吗？——没有。你知道新的驾考规则比过去的要严格多了。those＝therules，指代过去的驾考规则。请使用“课后训练·语法专项突破三”活页练习，及时查漏补缺！-10-
