任务型阅读(建议用时:30分钟)1(2022·苏锡模拟)Imaginelivinginacountrytornbywar.Ormaybeyouliveinaplacewheretherearefewjobsandlittlechancetoearnaliving.Yourfamilydecidestomove—nottoanothertown,buttoanothercountry.Youandyourfamilyhavebecomeimmigrants.Peoplearecalledimmigrantswhentheymovetoaforeigncountrytomaketheirhomes.Peoplebecomeimmigrantsformanyreasons.Themostcommononeiseconomicopportunities.Mostimmigrantsareattractedtoothercountriesbythepromiseofjobs,farmland,orbusinessopportunities.Otherpeoplebecomeimmigrantsinordertogetawayfrommistreatmentornaturaldisasters.Theyarerefugees(难民).Somerefugeesmovetoavoidwarsandpoliticalunrest.Othersareseekingfreedomtoexpresstheirreligiousviews.Stillothersareuprootedbydisasters,suchasterriblefloodingordrought.Somepeoplehavebecomeimmigrantsagainsttheirwill.CapturedinAfrica,shippedtoforeignlandsandforcedtoworkasslaves,manyearlyAfricanimmigrantstoNorthandSouthAmericacameinchains.ExceptforNativeAmericans,allpeoplecametotheUnitedStatesfromsomeplaceelse.Fornearly500years,immigrantshavelandedonAmerica’sshoresseekingabetterlife.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,immigrantsoftenworkedlow-paying,dangerousjobsthatotherpeoplerefusedtodo.ImmigrantsfromaroundtheworldhelpedshapeAmericanlife.ManyimmigrantsabsorbedthecustomsandlanguagecommontomostAmericans.Theyalsobroughttheirowntraditions,includingmusicandfoods.Overtime,manyofthesetraditionshavebecomepartofAmericanlife.ThefirstEuropeanimmigrantstoAmericahopedtocolonize(使成为殖民地)newlands.Bythemid-1500s,SpaniardshadventuredintoFlorida,California,andtheAmericanSouthwest.Frenchimmigrantsarrivedintheearly1600s.Theyestablished13coloniesalongAmerica’sAtlanticCoast.Inthe1700s,EnglandbecamethemajorpowerincolonialNorthAmerica.ButmanyEuropean-9-\nimmigrantscametoliveintheEnglishcolonies.TheyincludedpeoplefromSweden,Holland,Germany,Scotland,andIreland.ImmigrantsstillcometotheUnitedStatesseekingfreedomandeconomicopportunities.MostnewimmigrantsnolongercomefromEurope.TheycomemainlyfromCentralandSouthAmerica,theCaribbean,andAsia.Today,theU.S.governmentlimitsthenumberofimmigrantsintothecountryeachyear.PeoplewhosneakillegallyintotheUnitedStatesarecalledillegalimmigrants,who,ifcaught,wouldbesentbacktotheirhomecountries.KeyPointsDetailedInformation(1) Immigrantsarethosewhomovetoaforeigncountrytomaketheirhomes.Reasons◇Mostpeoplecomefor(2) opportunities,suchasgoodjobs,farmland,orbusinessopportunities.◇SomemovetotheU.S.to(3) fromwarsordisasters.◇Somepeopleimmigratein(4) ofreligiousfreedom.◇Somepeoplehavebecomeimmigrants(5) ,likemanyearlyAfricanimmigrants.History◇Frenchimmigrants(6) Americaintheearly1600sand(7) upthirteencoloniesalongAmerica’sAtlanticCoast.◇Inthe1700s,EuropeanimmigrantscametoliveintheEnglishcolonies,(8) peoplefromSweden,Hollandandetc..Today◇(9) fromthepast,theoriginsofmostnewimmigrantsaremainlyCentralandSouthAmerica,theCaribbean,andAsia,insteadofEurope.◇TheU.S.governmentsets(10) onthenumberofimmigrantsintothecountryeachyear.Illegalimmigrants,ifcaught,wouldbesentbacktotheirhomecountries.2(2022·无锡模拟)Onourjourneytofindingourtrueselfandachievingourfullpotential,wesometimesgetintohardtimes.However,wemustneverlosehopeforonlythroughdeterminationanddisciplinewillwebeabletoreachpersonalgrowth.Thefollowingtipsmayhelpyoutoachieveyourgoals-9-\nforpersonalgrowth.FindchallengesIfyoudon’tfindanychallengestoyourlife,don’tjustletitbebutfindthemyourself.Youshouldunderstandthatstayingtoomuchinyourcomfortzonewouldjustcauseyoutoremainwhereyouareandthereforeneverimprove.Sotrytofindnewchallengesthatwouldfurtherdevelopyourstrengthsandthereforeachievetheirpeakperformance.Alwayshaveapositivemindset(思维模式)Youshoulddevelopapositivemindset,asthiswouldbeusefulwhenyoufaceanychallengealongtheway.Throughthistypeofmindset,youwillbeabletocontinuewithyourlifenomatterhowhardthechallengeyoufaceis.Youshouldalwaysfindareasontobehappy,whichwouldfuelyoutogoonfurtherandfurtheruntilyoureachyourdestination.Youarenotaloneandyoushouldn’tletyourselfbeThisisaveryimportantfactor.Sometimeswearesostubbornaboutdoingthingsonourownthatwedon’taskothersforhelp.Generallyspeaking,doingthingsbyyourselfisnotwrong,and,infact,it’sevenpreferredtobeindependent.However,therearereallyinstancesinourlifethatweneedtoaskothersforhelp.Youshouldn’tseethisasbeingweak,andotherpeoplewon’tthinklessofyouifyoudothis.Wehumansarecommunalindividualsandwecouldachievemoreinthisworldifwehelponeanother.Sodon’thesitatetoaskforhelpifyouneedit,andalsolendahandtootherswhentheyneedyou.PlanWhenyouwanttoachievesomething,don’tbeinarush.Youneedtomakegoodpreparationsbeforedoingit,thatis,toplanyouroverallcourseofactioninadvance.Createagoalthatyouarereadytobetyourlifeon,andcheckittoseeifitisreallythegoalyouwanttoattainbeforeyougiveityourallwithoutanysecondthoughts.Whenyou’resureaboutit,planthewaystoachieveit,andtoevaluateifyourprocessiseffectivewhilestillalongtheway.Youcanchangeyourcourseofactionswhileyoustillhavetime.Makesurethatyourgoalsarespecific,attainableandtimelimited.Inthiswayyoucanmakesureyouarenotplanningtofail,buttobesuccessfulinyoursearchforpersonalgrowth.Consistencyisthekeytosecuringself-improvement;however,beingabletodothisisreallyhard.Stillweneedtobepreparedtopayourduesifwewanttoreachourgoalsinlife.-9-\n3(2022·扬州模拟)EqualOpportunitiesforQualityEducationItiswidelyacceptedthathumanresourcesareplayingaveryimportantpartinChina’seconomicgrowth.Education,whichgreatlyaffectsthequalitiesofhumanresources,hasgonethroughrapiddevelopmentsinrecentyears.Lastyear,Chinahadmorethan2milliongraduatesfromcollegesoruniversities,andanother-9-\n3.5milliongraduatesfromvocationalschools.Despitethegreatdevelopmentsineducation,intheeraofreform,lawmakersexposeandcriticizemanyproblemsinthedevelopmentsofeducation,whichtrouble,ifnotanger,thepublic.OneofthemostglaringproblemsisthatinChina’svastruralareas,eventhemostbasiceducationisnotavailabletosomechildren.Andelsewhere,eveniftheyhaveaccess,thefacilitiesavailableforthemarestillafarcryfromthoseincities.Officialstatisticsshowthatattheprimarystage,thereareabignumberofruralstudentswhodropoutofschoolbecausetheydonothavethemoneytopaytheirtuitionfees.Atcollegelevel,therehavebeensomebigincreasesintuitionfeesoverthelastfewyears.So,somestudentsfromruralareashavealsobeenforcedtoabandontheirdreams.ChinahasalongtraditionofvaluingeducationandChineseparentsarewillingtosaveeachandeverypennytosupporttheirchildren’sschooling.Butinanationofmorethan1.3billionpeople,upholdingequalopportunitiesintheeducationsectorisadiscouragingtask.Thecentralgovernmentisdedicatedtoquickeningthedevelopmentofthecause.Itwillcancelruralschoolfeesandofferthechildreninpoverty-strickenareasfinancialsupportsotheycanallenjoytheequaleducationandcompletethenine-yearcompulsoryschoolingprogramme.Themostimportantpartoftheissueliesintheamountofcashputintoit.Ontheotherhand,itismorethananissueoffinancialinput﹙财政收入﹚.TheunbalanceddistributionofresourcesbetweenruralandurbanschoolsrisksslowingdownthefutureofChina’svastruralareas,wheretwothirdsofthepopulationlive.Educationisundoubtedlythelong-termlifelineofcitizens.Goodeducationpromotesmorethanpersonalwell-beingorthefulfillmentofindividualambition.Asindividualabilitygrows,thenationwillbecomestrongerandmoreprosperous.Equalityineducationisvitaltothesustainabilityofournation’seconomicprogress.Ithasabiginfluenceoneverycitizen’squalityoflife,sothegovernmentmustdoallitcantoachievethisgoal.AnoverviewofeducationinChinaAsChina’seconomygrows,education,whichhasagreateffectonthequalitiesofhumanresources,has(1) greatdevelopments.(2) intheIn(3) ofgreatdevelopments,whatworriesthepublicisthatthereare-9-\ndevelopmentofeducationstillchildreninvastruralareaswhogainno(4) tothemostbasiceducationandthefacilitiesavailablearefarfrom(5) comparedwiththoseincities.SeriousconsequencesAlargenumberofruralprimaryschoolstudentshavetoquitschoolbecausetheycan’t(6) topayfortheireducation.Withthecollegetuitionfeesincreasingsharply,ruralstudentshaveno(7) buttogiveuptheirdreams.Approachesto(8) theproblemsToensure(9) intheeducationforruralstudents,thecentralgovernmentwillcancelruralschoolfeesandprovidethemwithfinancialsupport.Thedistributionofresourcesbetweenruralandurbanschoolsshouldbe(10) ,whichwillsurelyaccelerate thedevelopmentofvastruralareas.ConclusionEqualityineducationmakesitpossibleforindividualabilitytogrow,whichguaranteesournation’seconomicprosperity.答案解析11.【解析】Definition。此题属于概括性词汇。根据右栏的“Immigrantsarethosewho...”可知此处是对“移民”下定义。2.【解析】economic。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文中“Themostcommononeiseconomicopportunities.”的信息识别能力。3.【解析】escape/hide。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中“Otherpeoplebecomeimmigrantsinordertogetawayfrommistreatmentornaturaldisasters.”的信息理解和运用能力。getawayfrom与escape/hidefrom意思相同。4.【解析】search/pursuit。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中“Othersareseekingfreedomtoexpresstheirreligiousviews.”的理解和运用能力。原句是动词seek,此处在介词后,要填名词。5.【解析】passively/unwillingly/reluctantly。本题属于转换词汇中的句型转换。本题考查学生对文中“Somepeoplehavebecomeimmigrantsagainsttheirwill.”的理解和概括能力。原句中against-9-\ntheirwill意思是“违背他们的意愿”,与“他们成为移民是不情愿的”意思相同,注意此处要用副词形式修饰动词become。6.【解析】reached。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中“Frenchimmigrantsarrivedintheearly1600s.”的理解和运用能力。arriveinAmerica等于reachAmerica。注意原文arrivedin后接时间状语,而此题空格后in接地点状语,故不能填arrived,而应填reached。7.【解析】set/built。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中“Theyestablished13coloniesalongAmerica’sAtlanticCoast.”的理解和运用能力,established相当于set/builtup。8.【解析】including。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中“TheyincludedpeoplefromSweden,Holland,...”的理解和运用能力。注意,此句已有谓语动词came,故此空只能填include的非谓语形式,即介词化的including。9.【解析】Different。此题属于转换词汇中的句型转换。本题考查考生对文中“MostnewimmigrantsnolongercomefromEurope.TheycomemainlyfromCentralandSouthAmerica,...”的理解和概括能力。与过去不一样的是,现在大部分移民的来源地发生了变化。10.【解析】limits/restrictions。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中“Today,theUSgovernmentlimitsthenumberofimmigrantsintothecountryeachyear.”的理解和运用能力。原文limits是动词的第三人称单数,此空跟在动词sets后,应用名词形式。21.【解析】difficulty/trouble。此题属于转换词汇。本题考查考生对文中信息Onourjourneytofindingourtrueselfandachievingourfullpotential,wesometimesgetintohardtimes.However,wemustneverlosehopeforonlythroughdeterminationanddisciplinewillwebeabletoreachpersonalgrowth.的理解和运用能力。根据原句中的hard可知此处应用difficulty或trouble。2.【解析】leave。此题属于转换词汇。本题考查考生对文中信息Ifyoudon’tfindanychallengestoyourlife,don’tjustletitbebutfindthemyourself.Youshouldunderstandthatstayingtoomuchinyourcomfortzonewouldjustcauseyoutoremainwhereyouareandthereforeneverimprove.的理解和运用能力。由原句中的stayingtoomuchinyourcomfortzone可知此处需要用stay的反义词,故用leave。3.【解析】strengths。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查考生对文中Sotrytofindnewchallengesthat-9-\nwouldfurtherdevelopyourstrengthsandthereforeachievetheirpeakperformance.相关信息的识别能力。4.【解析】positive。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查考生对文中小标题Alwayshaveapositivemindset相关信息的识别能力。5.【解析】far。此题属于转换词汇。本题考查考生对文中信息Youshouldalwaysfindareasontobehappy,whichwouldfuelyoutogoonfurtherandfurtheruntilyoureachyourdestination.的理解和运用能力。6.【解析】flexible。此题属于转换词汇。本题考查考生对文中信息Sometimeswearesostubbornaboutdoingthingsonourownthatwedon’taskothersforhelp.的理解运用能力。根据原句中的stubborn可知此处需要用其反义词flexible。7.【解析】achievements。此题属于转换词汇。本题考查考生对文中信息Wehumansarecommunalindividualsandwecouldachievemoreinthisworldifwehelponeanother.的理解和运用能力,根据原句中的achieve可知此处需要用其名词形式achievements作resultin的宾语。8.【解析】rush/hurry。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查考生对文中Whenyouwanttoachievesomething,don’tbeinarush.相关信息的识别能力。9.【解析】checked。此题属于转换词汇。本题考查考生对文中信息Createagoalthatyouarereadytobetyourlifeon,andcheckittoseeifitisreallythegoalyouwanttoattainbeforeyougiveityourallwithoutanysecondthoughts.的理解和运用能力。原句中的check为动词,此处用其过去分词形式构成havesth.done结构。10.【解析】consistent。此题属于转换词汇。本题考查考生对文中信息Consistencyisthekeytosecuringself-improvement;however,beingabletodothisisreallyhard.Stillweneedtobepreparedtopayourduesifwewanttoreachourgoalsinlife.的理解和运用能力。原句中的consistency为名词,此句中需要用其形容词形式。31.【解析】experienced/seen/undergone。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中第一段“hasgonethroughrapiddevelopmentsinrecentyears”的理解和运用能力。该句中gothrough意思是“经历”。2.【解析】Problems。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文中第三段“manyproblemsinthedevelopmentsofeducation”信息的识别能力。3.【解析】spite。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中第三段“Despitethegreat-9-\ndevelopments”的理解和运用能力,despite相当于inspiteof。4.【解析】access。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中第四段“eventhemostbasiceducationisnotavailabletosomechildren”的理解和运用能力。benotavailabletosb.在此转换成sb.gain(s)noaccesstosth.。当然此处access也可在同一段后面的eveniftheyhaveaccess中找到。5.【解析】enough/satisfactory。此题属于转换词汇中的句型转换。本题考查学生对文中第四段“thefacilitiesavailableforthemarestillafarcryfromthoseincities”的理解和概括能力。此处afarcry表示“遥远的距离”,即farfromenough/satisfactory。6.【解析】afford。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中第五段“theydonothavethemoneytopaytheirtuitionfees”的理解和运用能力。afford“负担得起(费用)”。7.【解析】choice/alternative。此题属于转换词汇。本题考查学生对文中第六段“somestudentsfromruralareashavealsobeenforcedtoabandontheirdreams”的理解和概括能力。“被迫放弃梦想”就是“别无选择只好放弃梦想”之意。8.【解析】solving/settling。此题属于概括性词汇。只要熟背前面我们列的常考概括性词汇,此题就轻松搞定了。9.【解析】equality。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中倒数第四段“enjoytheequaleducation”的理解和运用能力。此题接在动词ensure后应用名词形式,故用equality。10.【解析】balanced/equal。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中倒数第三段“Theunbalanceddistributionofresources”的理解和运用能力。此空前有be动词,故用balance的过去分词形式。-9-
