阅读理解(建议用时:25分钟)A(2022·连云港模拟)体裁说明文题材学生与工作词数367Forhighschoolleaversstartingoutintheworkingworld,itisveryimportanttolearnparticularskillsandpracticehowtobehaveinanintervieworhowtofindaninternship(实习).Insomecountries,schoolshaveprogramstohelpstudentsontothepathtowork.IntheUnitedStates,however,suchprogramsarestillfewandfarbetween.Researchshowsthatifhighschoolsprovidecareer-relatedcourses,studentsarelikelytogethigherearningsinlateryears.Thestudentsaremorelikelytostayinschool,graduateandgoontohighereducation.InGermany,studentsasyoungas13and14areexpectedtodointernships.Germancompaniesworkwithschoolstomakesurethatyoungpeoplegettheeducationtheyneedforfutureemployment.ButinAmerica,educationreformprogramsfocusonhowwellstudentsdoinexamsinsteadofbringingthemintocontactwiththeworkingworld.HarvardEducationschoolprofessorRobertSchwartzhascriticizededucationreformersfortryingtoplaceallgraduatesdirectlyonthefour-yearcollegetrack.Schwartzarguedthatthisapproachleavesthecountry’smostvulnerable(易受影响的)kidswithnojobsandnoskills.Schwartzbelievedthatthebestcareerprogramsencouragekidstogoforhighereducationwhilealsoteachingthemvaluablepracticalskillsathighschool.JamesMadisonHighSchoolinNewYork,forexample,encouragesstudentstochooseclassesoncareer-basedcourses.Theschoolthenhelpsthemgainon-the-jobexperienceinthosefieldswhilethey’restillathighschool.However,evenforteenswhoseschoolsencouragethemtoconnectwithwork,thejobmarketisdaunting.IntheUS,unemploymentratesfor16-to-19-year-oldsareabove20percentforthethirdsummerinarow.“TheriskisthatifteenagersmissoutontheSummerjobexperience,theybecomepartofthisgenerationofteenswhohadtroubleinlandingajob,”saidMichael,aresearcherintheUS.-7-\n1.Intheauthor’sopinion,Americanhighschoolleavers .A.haveenoughcareer-relatedcoursesB.needmorecareeradvicefromtheirschoolsC.performbetterinexamsthanGermanstudentsD.cangethigherearningsinlateryears2.AccordingtoRobertSchwartz, .A.thereisnoneedforkidstogoforhighereducationintheUSB.studentsshouldgetcontactwiththeworkingworldathighschoolC.educationreformshouldfocusonstudents’performanceinexamsD.teenagersintheUScan’tmissoutonthesummerjobexperience3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.UnemploymentratesforUSteenagersremainhighatthemoment.B.Studentswithcareer-basedcoursesneverhaveproblemsfindingajob.C.UScompaniesworkwithschoolstoprepareyoungpeopleforfutureemployment.D.Highschoolleaverswithnopracticalskillscan’tfindajobabsolutely.4.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.ArgumentsaboutrecentUSeducationreform.B.Tipsonfindingjobsforhighschoolleavers.C.Thelackofcareer-basedcoursesinUShighschools.D.AdviceforAmericanhighschoolleavers.5.Theunderlinedword“daunting”inParagraph6mostprobablymeans .A.discouraging B.interestingC.creativeD.unbearableB体裁议论文题材大脑的研究词数390Whatmakeshumanssmarterthanotheranimals?We’vegotabiggerbrain,ofcourse.Butwhenitcomestobrains,isbiggeralwaysbetter?Traditionally,scientistshavethoughtthathumans’superiorintelligencederived(源于)mostlyfromthefactthatourbrainsarethreetimesbiggerthanthoseofournearestlivingrelatives,chimpanzees.-7-\nPeopleevenusedtobelievethatbecausemenhaveslightlylargerbrainsthanwomenthatmenaresmarter.This,however,isnotthetruth.ScientistsatUniversityCollegeLondonintheUKhavefoundthatbrainorganization,andnotbrainsize,isthekeytothesuperiorityofhumanintelligence,reportedLiveScience.Throughmillionsofyearsofevolution,ourancestorswereconstantlypushedtogetsmartersothattheycouldmeetthedemandsofnewenvironments.However,holdingthisgrowingintelligenceinincreasinglylargebrainswasnotthebestchoicebecausebiggerbrainsrequiremoreenergytopower.“Thisiswhenreorganizationmaycomeintoplay,”saidChristopheSoligo,amemberoftheLondonresearchteam.Inthestudy,scientistslookedatthebrainsof17speciesofprimates(灵长目动物),includingmonkeys,apesandhumans.Theyfoundthatintheprocessofevolution,brainsdidn’tkeepgrowingasawhole.Certainregionsofthebraingrewpriortoothersinresponsetospecies’needs,andinthiswaytheycouldmakethebestuseoftheirlimitedbrainspace.Forexample,whenearlyhumanswerestrugglingtosurvive,thebrainregioninchargeofusingtoolsandfindingfoodgrewinsizemorethanotherregions.Butinmoderntimes,theprefrontalcortex(前额皮质)—theregioninchargeofsocialcognition(认知),moraljudgmentsandgoal-directedplanning—grewmorethantherestofthebrain.Thinkofthebrainasaroom.Ifabigroomispoorlyorganized,itdoesn’tnecessarilystoremorestuffthanasmallerone.PaulManger,professorattheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica,explainsthisprincipleusingtheexampleofwhales.HetoldScientificAmerican:“Whaleshavebigbrains,absolutely.Butifyoulookattheactualstructureofthebrain,it’snotverycomplex.Brainsizeonlymattersiftherestofthebrainisorganizedproperly.”6.Ithasrecentlybeenfoundthathumansaresmarterthantheotheranimalsmainlybecause .A.theyareaspeciesofprimatesB.theyhavemuchlargerbrainsC.theirbrainstructureismorecomplexD.theywereconstantlypushedtogetsmarter7.Accordingtothearticle,inrecenthumanevolution, .-7-\nA.thebrainkeptgrowinginsizetoadapttonewenvironmentsB.mostregionsofthebraindidn’tchangeC.theprefrontalcortexgrewmorethantherestofthebrainD.humans’brainsbecameincreasinglysimplesothathumanscouldsurvive8.Whatcanweconcludefromthearticle?A.Gendermakesadifferenceinintelligence.B.Thesizeofthebrainhasnothingtodowithintelligence.C.Specieswhosebrainisorganizedproperlytendtobesmarter.D.Largerbrainsareusuallyorganizedbetterthansmallerones.9.Themethodthewriterusestodevelopthelastparagraphis .A.bypresentingresearchdataB.bygivingexamplesC.bymakingacomparisonD.byanalyzingcauseandeffectC(2022·淮南模拟)体裁说明文题材年度单词词数273EveryyearChrisBroganpostshisthreewordsforanewyear.ManyothersandIhavefollowedhisleadforthepastthreeorfouryears.Theyhelpedmealot.Mywordsforlastyearwere“passion”,“focus”and“delegate”andIstayedtruetothem.Thisyear,2022,mygoalsaremorepersonalandlessprofessional.FOCUSFocusismakingarepeatappearanceonmylistthisyearbecauseI’mtoomuchofamultitasker.TheproblemisthatIhavetroublefinishingonethingwithsomanythingscallingme.WhenIwasworkingasawriter,allmyprojectswerehandledviaaschedule,I’mputtingafitnessandhousekeepingroutineintomyschedule.HEALTHIgetsobusytakingcareofeveryoneelse,andIforgettotakecareofmyselfandthishastochange.Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.Ihavetogetmyhealthincheck,notonlyformebutbecauseIpromisedmy9-year-oldson.I’llmakegoodfoodandlifestylechoices.-7-\nImissbeingthin,andit’stimetogetitback.CELEBRATEWhatgoodishavingitifI’mnottakingtimetoenjoyit?Ihaveawonderfuljob,ahappyfamily,andsomuchtobethankfulfor.SohowcomeIspendallmytimeworking?Lastsummermyfamilytookourfirstvacationinfouryears,thebestthingI’vedoneformyselfandmyfamilyinalongtime.Thisyear,I’mmakingsuretotaketimetoenjoylifeandcelebrateitsmanyblessings.Doyouhaveanywordsfor2022?10.Theunderlinedword“multitasker”probablyreferstoapersonwho .A.makesalivingbywritingB.alwaysfailstofinishataskontimeC.hasseveralthingstodoatthesametimeD.paysmoreattentiontofitnessandhousekeeping11.Whydoesthewriterhave“HEALTH”asoneofhisthreewords?A.Hewantstotakebettercareofothers.B.He’sgainingweightandfeelingbad.C.Hedidnottakeanyexerciseinthepast.D.Hegottheideafromhisson.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theword“CELEBRATE”canremindthewritertoenjoylife.B.Thewriterhasavacationwithhisfamilyeveryfouryears.C.Theword“FOCUS”canhelpthewriterfocusonhisfamily.D.Thewriterusedtobeoverweightforlackofexercise.13.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe .A.ThreeWordsfor2022B.HealthShouldGoFirstC.KeepOrganizedD.Goalsfor2022【拓展训练】阅读B篇文章,翻译并分析长难句:-7-\nTraditionally,scientistshavethoughtthathumans’superiorintelligencederivedmostlyfromthefactthatourbrainsarethreetimesbiggerthanthoseofournearestlivingrelatives,chimpanzees.句意:_______________________________________________________________分析:第一个that引导_______从句,第二个that引导_______从句,强调_______的内容。答案解析A 【文章大意】本文主要通过与德国中学作比较说明在美国中学里还很缺乏有关职业生涯的基本课程。1.【解析】选B。观点态度题。第一段最后一句“然而,在美国,这一类的课程项目几乎没有或者是远远不够”,以及第四、五段作者通过Schwartz的观点其认为,学生在上高中时就应该得到来自学校的关于工作经历方面的帮助,表达出了作者的观点为B。2.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第六段However,evenforteenswhoseschoolsencouragethemtoconnectwithwork,thejobmarketisdaunting.可知“学生在高中时期就应该与以后的工作世界相联系”。3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第六段IntheUS,unemploymentratesfor16-to-19-year-oldsareabove20percentforthethirdsummerinarow.可知。4.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Insomecountries,schoolshaveprogramstohelpstudentsontothepathtowork.IntheUnitedStates,however,suchprogramsarestillfewandfarbetween.可知。5.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据文章第六段IntheUS,unemploymentratesfor16-to-19-year-oldsareabove20percentforthethirdsummerinarow.可知,“工作市场对于16到19岁的学生来说仍然不容乐观”。B【文章大意】是不是大脑越大越聪明?看看科学家们是怎么说的吧。6.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段的“...havefoundthatbrainorganization,andnotbrainsize,isthekeytothesuperiorityofhumanintelligence,reportedLiveScience”可以推知C为正确答案。-7-\n7.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由倒数第三段的“Butinmoderntimes,theprefrontalcortex—theregioninchargeofsocialcognition,moraljudgmentsandgoal-directedplanning—grewmorethantherestofthebrain.”可知C正确。8.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段的“Butifyoulookattheactualstructureofthebrain,it’snotverycomplex.Brainsizeonlymattersiftherestofthebrainisorganizedproperly.”可以推知,以一种合适的方式建构的相对复杂的大脑趋向于更聪明,故C正确。9.【解析】选B。逻辑结构题。最后一段以鲸鱼为例来说明并非大脑越大,就越聪明,故选B。C 【文章大意】作者介绍了2022年自己的三个重要单词:focus,health,celebrate,说明了选择这三个单词的原因。10.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从第二段的句子TheproblemisthatIhavetroublefinishingonethingwithsomanythingscallingme.可知这个单词是“一次有很多任务的人”。11.【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第三段的句子Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.Ihavetogetmyhealthincheck可知作者的健康和体重出了问题。12.【解析】选A。细节理解题。从倒数第二段的句子I’mmakingsuretotaketimetoenjoylifeandcelebrateitsmanyblessings可知celebrate这个词提醒作者要享受生活。13.【解析】选A。推理判断题。从最后一段的句子Doyouhaveanywordsfor2022?可知这篇文章讲的是2022年的三个单词。【拓展训练】科学家们习惯上认为人类的高智商主要源于我们的大脑比我们的近亲——猩猩的大脑大三倍这个事实。宾语同位语fact-7-
