Module4 GreatScientistsⅠ.单词拼写1.Obesityisoftenthoughttobethe________(主要的)causeofheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.2.Ifawomanisbetter________(教育),shewillbenefitherfamilyinthefuture.3.Itisthedealer'sdutytorecommendproductsofgood________(质量).4.It'sbetterforthegovernmenttoattachmoreimportancetothe________(最初的)inventionsofallkinds.5.InChinathelargestpartofthepopulationareemployedin________(农业).6.After________(毕业)fromBerkeley,heworkedinanaccountingcompanyasasenioradvisor.7.Beforehewasofferedtheimportantpost,theyoungmanwasaskedtohavea________(身体的)examinationfirst.8.Theengineerwasrequiredtomakea________(简洁的)introductiontotheprojecthewasengagedin.9.Withthe________(产量)increasingby20percent,thecompanywillhaveanotherharvestthisyear.10.________(诊断)withkidneyfailure,theyoungmanlostthehopeoflivingonintheworld.答案:1.leading 2.educated 3.quality 4.original 5.agriculture 6.graduating 7.physical 8.brief 9.production 10.DiagnosedⅡ.完成句子1.他希望靠卖饮料来谋生。Hehopesto______________________________drinks.2.由于交通阻塞,他开会迟到了。Hewaslateforthemeeting_________________________atrafficjam.3.他太幸运了,能够从那辆燃烧的汽车中逃出来。Heisluckyenoughto__________________the________bus.4.济南作为“泉城”因为它的72泉而为我们所知。Jinanis________________________________us________“QuanCity”________its72springs.5.这房间由厨房改成了厕所。9\nTheroom______________________________________akitchen________alavatory.答案:1.earnhislivingbyselling 2.asaresultof 3.escapefrom;burning 4.knownto;as;for 5.wasconvertedfrom;toⅢ.单项填空1.Menusuallygo________towhattheywantandleavequicklywhenshopping.A.slight B.lightC.straightD.strict答案:C 考查副词与形容词辨析。A、B、D三项都是形容词,而此处需要的是副词,修饰前面的动词go,所以选C。straight既是形容词也是副词,表示“直直的/地”。2.GoghandLeonardodaVinciwereknown________theirartisticachievements.A.asB.toC.forD.in答案:C beknownas“作为……而出名”;beknownfor“因为……而出名”;beknownto“为……所知”。句意:梵高和莱奥纳多·达芬奇都是因为他们的艺术成就而出名。3.There's________needtobansmokingas________resultofthegreatlossithascaused.A./;aB.a;aC.the;theD.the;a答案:B 考查冠词。there'saneedtodosth.“有必要做某事”;asaresultof“由于”。4.(2022·银川一中模拟)—Mum,Ihavefinishedmyhomework.—Oh.Ifyou________nottodisturbme,youcanwatchTV.A.offer B.supportC.guaranteeD.want答案:C 句意:——妈妈,我已经完成作业了。——噢,如果你保证不打扰我,你可以看电视。offer“提供”;support“支持”;guarantee“保证”;want“想”。由句意可知选C。5.He________hisdutiesnextweek.A.bringsupB.setsupC.picksupD.takesup答案:D 句意:他下周就要开始履行职责。bringup“教育,提出,培养”;setup“建立”;pickup“获得,捡起”;takeup“开始从事,占据”。由句意可知选D。9\n6.________YuanLongping'sdiscoveries,Chinesericeproductionroseby47.5percentinthe1990s.A.AsaresultB.AsaresultofC.AsaconsequenceD.Asconsequenceof答案:B 考查短语辨析。句意:由于袁隆平的发现,中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代上升了47.5%。asaresultof由于……的结果;asaresult/consequence因此,结果。D项短语不完整,应为asaconsequenceof“由于;作为……的结果”。7.(北京市西城区2022-2022学年度高三测试)Webelievethetimeandhardwork________incompletingsuchanimportantprojectareworthwhile.A.involvingB.involvedC.toinvolveD.havinginvolved答案:B 考查过去分词作定语。involvedin意为“涉及到”。句意为:“我们相信涉及到完成如此重要的工程的时间与工作都是值得的。”8.Thereisnomuchtimeleft,soI'lltellyouaboutit________.A.indetailB.inbriefC.inshortD.inall答案:B 考查介词短语辨析。句意:所剩时间不多了,所以我将简短地告诉你这件事。indetail详细地;inbrief简短地;inshort总之;inall总共。9.(2022·北京模拟)Shegotthephotosofherson________upnexttoherdesksothatshecouldseethemwhenevershemissedhim.A.topinB.pinningC.beingpinnedD.pinned答案:D 考查非谓语动词。句意:她将儿子的照片钉在桌边以便于自己想念儿子时能看看这些照片。动词get通常可以用“get+宾语+宾语补足语”的形式,其补足语可以是不定式、现在分词或过去分词,根据句子语境,pin与photos之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词。10.Whattheyoungmancan't________isthathismumalwaystreatshimlikeababy.A.supportB.undertakeC.holdD.bear答案:D 考查动词辨析。句意:令那个年轻人不能忍受的是妈妈总是把他当小孩子看待。support支持;undertake承担,从事,承诺;hold控制,拥有,持有,保留;bear承受,忍受。11.WhenIwasinBeijinglastyear,Isawthefamouspopstar________inthe9\nstreet.A.byaccidentB.bychangeC.byaccentD.withchance答案:A 考查介词短语辨析。句意:去年我在北京的时候,我在街上偶然看到了这位著名的流行歌星。byaccident偶然地,意外地。12.Thesolarcellcan________theenergyofsunlightintoelectricenergy.A.constructB.convertC.conserveD.convey答案:B 考查动词辨析。句意:太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。construct建造,创立;convert转化;转换;conserve保存,节约;convey传递,传达。13.Theleftwingpartyinthecountry________in1992,andsincethenboththeemploymentandthepeople'swelfarehavebeenimprovedgreatly.A.cametopowerB.wasinpowerC.comeintopowerD.isinpower答案:A 考查动词短语辨析。句意:左翼党派1992年开始在这个国家掌权,从那以后,就业和人们的福利状况已经有了很大提高。cometopower开始执政,当权,表示动作,不与时间段短语连用,故A项正确;而wasinpower表状态;C、D两项时态不对。14.DuetotheheavyfloodinThailand,largequantitiesofsupplies________indesperateneedinthefloodstrickenareanow.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.hadbeen答案:B 考查主谓一致。句意:由于泰国境内严重的洪水,洪灾地区目前急需大量物资。“largequantitiesof+名词”作主语,句子谓语动词用复数形式,根据句中的时间状语可知,要用一般现在时。故本题正确选项为B。15.—Shallwegotohaveapicnicintheopenairthisweekend?—________.Iwanttorelax,forI'mtootiredthesedays.A.OfcoursewecanB.Itcouldn'tbebetterC.IfyoulikeD.It'suptoyou答案:B 句意:——这个周末我们去户外野餐好吗?——再好不过了,这些天我太累了,想放松一下。Itcouldn'tbebetter“那再好不过了”,故选B。Ofcoursewecan是针对别人的请求所做的肯定回答;Ifyoulike“如果你愿意”;It'suptoyou“由你决定”。Ⅳ.完形填空ThefamousscientistAlbertEinsteindiedin1955.His__1__nowisinthecentral9\nstateofKansasoftheU.S..Itbelongstoaretired(退休的)__2__doctor,ThomasHarvey.__3__didthishappen?Andwhy?Inthe1950s,AlbertEinsteinandThomasHarvey__4__eachotherwhentheybothlivedinPrinceton,NewJersey.EinsteinwasworkingatPrincetonUniversity__5__DoctorHarveywasworkingatPrincetonHospital.WhenEinsteindied,DoctorHarveywas__6__toexaminehisbody.Itwasthenthathestartedtostudy__7__hasbecomealongtimeexaminationofEinstein'sbrain.Hisgoalwasto__8__somephysicalevidence(证据)ofthescientist'sgenius(才华).DoctorHarvey,__9__,didnottellEinstein'sfamilythathe__10__thegreatman'sbrain.Itwasonlylater__11__thefamilylearnedofDoctorHarvey'swork.Theydidnot__12__theideaatfirst.AfterDoctorHarveyexplainedhisideatothem,theyagreedto__13__himtostudythebrain.DoctorHarveythenasked__14__scientiststohelp.Theycutthebrain__15__threepieces.Theymarkedeachpiecebeforeplacingitincontainers__16__chemicalformaldehyde(甲醛)toprotectit.DoctorHarveyhasbeen__17__Einstein'sbrainsincethen.Hehascarrieditwithhimashemovedfromplacetoplace.Hehasalsolentpartsofthebraintootherscientists__18__study.Onlyoneresearcherhasfoundsomething__19__.AdoctorattheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthattheleftpartofEinstein'sbrainhasmorecertaincells(细胞)than__20__.Suchcellsareknowntofeedbrain.Thismaymeanthatthecellscouldaffectintelligence.1.A.bodyB.heartC.brainD.head答案:C 从后文可知是爱因斯坦的大脑被保存在美国的Kansas州。2.A.actualB.chemicalC.naturalD.medical答案:D 一个退休的医学博士。3.A.WhatB.HowC.WhoD.Which答案:B 这是怎么回事呢?4.A.realizedB.recognizedC.learnedD.knew答案:D 两个人都住在普林斯顿城,因此互相认识。5.A.asB.becauseC.whileD.since9\n答案:C while表示对比转折,意为“然而”。6.A.calledonB.calledatC.sentupD.sentoff答案:A callon此处意为“要求(某人做某事)”。7.A.whichB.howC.thatD.what答案:D study后是一个宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,故用连接代词what引导。8.A.inventB.discoverC.proveD.examine答案:B 他的目的是从身体方面找出爱因斯坦聪明的证据。9.A.perhapsB.thereforeC.thusD.however答案:D 由上下文语境可知此处表示转折关系,故用副词however。10.A.boughtB.soldC.keptD.made答案:C 但他并没有告诉爱因斯坦的家人他保存着他的大脑。11.A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.after答案:A 强调句型Itwas...that...。12.A.hearofB.likeC.suggestD.offer答案:B 当爱因斯坦的家人知道此事后,开始他们是不认同这个主意的。13.A.promiseB.letC.haveD.permit答案:D 后来他们同意让他研究爱因斯坦的大脑。14.A.othertwoB.twootherC.moretwoD.twoanother答案:B “另外两个科学家”,用twootherscientists或anothertwoscientists。15.A.offB.byC.intoD.about答案:C cut...intothreepieces“把……切成三块”。16.A.forB.aboutC.ofD.with9\n答案:D with此处意为“带有,装有”。17.A.learningB.studyingC.searchingD.selling答案:B 全文一直在讲“研究”爱因斯坦的大脑。18.A.forB.onC.intoD.about答案:A forstudy“以供研究”,for表示目的。19.A.easyB.difficultC.particularD.common答案:C 有一个科学家发现了特别的东西。20.A.everB.enoughC.usualD.normal答案:D 某种细胞比正常情况下多一些。Ⅴ.阅读理解NextHalloween,asmallvegetablethatlookslikeapumpkinmayappearinagardennearyou.Thevegetableisatypeofpepperthatiscalled“Lil'Pumpkin”.It'sveryspecialbecauseithasorange,pumpkinlikefruit.Youmightthinkthatallvegetablesaregrowntoprovidefoodtoeat.Butsomevegetablesaregrownmainlyforthelivelycolorandholidayspiritthattheybringtogardens.Thesearecalled“ornamentals(观赏性植物)”.JustlikelightsdecorateaChristmastree,theydecorateagarden.Thepepperswerebred(培育)byAgriculturalResearchService(ARS)scientistsJohnStommelandRobertGriesbach.Anotherpepperthescientistsdevelopediscalled“PepperJack”.BecausePepperJackhasorangeandblackconeshaped(锥形的)fruit,itmightremindyouofthepopularHalloweentreat“candycorn”.StommelsaysthatvegetablecropssuchaspepperswerefirstwidelygrowninEuropeinthe15thcentury.Atthattime,peoplelikedthesecropsmorebecausetheylookedprettythanbecausetheyprovidedfood.Backthen,whenagardenergrewplantsfordecorationandplantsforfood,thegardenwascalleda“potager”.Anexampleofthisisthelargegardensonthelawns(草坪)ofcastlesandverylargehomeswherekingsandqueenslived.OneofthoselargeroyalhomeswastheFrenchking'spalaceatVersaillesduringthe1600s.Thepalaceisstilltheretoday,andpeoplefromallovertheworldstillgotheretovisitandseethegardens.9\nToday,Stommelsaysusingvegetablesasdecorationsingardenshasbecomepopularagain.Soyoumightbewondering,ifthesepeppersarefordecoration,canpeopleeatthem?Yes,butthefruitfrombothofthesepeppershasasharptaste(kindoflikeonions).Thesepeppersarescheduledtobecomeavailableinmid2022.Theseprettypepperscanbegrownincontainersandalsoingardenbeds.Theygrowbestwithplentyoflightandwarmtemperatures,Stommelsyas.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Differentkindsofpeppers.B.Thehistoryofpeppers.C.PepperswiththeHalloweenspirit.D.FoodfortheHalloweenfestival.答案:C 主旨大意题。读文章第1段可知本文主要介绍的是这种外表酷似南瓜的辣椒,而南瓜是万圣节的标志,故答案为C项。2.Whatdoweknowabout“Lil'Pumpkin”and“PepperJack”?A.TheyareusedtodecorateChristmastrees.B.Theyaregrownmainlytoprovidefoodtoeat.C.Theirfruitshavedifferentshapes.D.Theirfruitsarethesamecolor.答案:C 细节理解题。第1段中说到了第一种辣椒外表像南瓜,而根据第3段中的“BecausePepperJackhasorangeandblackconeshaped”可知第2种辣椒的形状是锥形的,故答案为C项。3.Theunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2refersto“______”.A.thesevegetablesB.theseholidaysC.theselightsD.thesescientists答案:A 词义猜测题。联系本段前面的“Butsomevegetablesaregrownmainlyforthelivelycolorandholidayspiritthattheybringtogardens”可知这里是指那些蔬菜。4.Accordingtothepassage,apotagerwas________.A.theplacewherekingsandqueenslivedB.thegardenintheFrenchking'spalaceC.aplaceprovidingvegetablesfortheroyalhomesD.agardenwithplantsfordecorationandforfood9\n答案:D 细节理解题。根据第5段的首句Backthen,whenagardenergrewplantsfordecorationandplantsforfood,thegardenwascalleda“potagor”可知答案为D项。9