2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（4）李仕才AInabidtoconvincedriversinAichiPrefecturetokeeptheirhandsonthewheelandtheireyesontheroad，anewJapanesesmartphoneappoffersfreecoffeecoupons(优惠券)todriverswhodon’tchecktheirphonesforatleast100km.Forthelast13years，AichiPrefecturehasrecordedthehighestrateofdeathintrafficaccidentsinJapan.Lastyear，therewere443,691accidentsthatresultedininjuriesordeaths，and50,101arrestsinvolvingtheuseofsmartphoneswhiledriving.Withhandheldsbecomingsuchabigpartofpeople’slives，thereappearstobeanincreaseinviolationsofthisnature，andauthoritieshaveyettocomeupwithaneffectiveplantodealwiththeproblem.Interestingly，aJapanesecompanyseemstothinkthatacreativenewappcouldinsomewayhelpdriverstokeepthemselvesfromcheckingtheirphonesatthewheelandreducethenumberoftrafficaccidents.ToyotaMotorCorporation，KomedaCoffeeandKDDICorporationofCommunicationhaveteameduptocreateDrivingBarista，anappthatusesthephone’ssensortosensethetilt(倾斜)ofthedevice，andtheGPStodeterminethedistancedriven.Thisallowsittocalculatethenumberofkilometersadriverhastraveledwiththesmartphonefacingdown.WhenDrivingBaristadeterminesthatthesmartphonehasnotbeencheckedforatleast100kilometers，itwillrewardthedriverwithacouponforacupofblendedoricedcoffeeataKomedaCoffeeShop.Therewardisearnedafterevery100kilometersdrivenwithoutcheckingthephone.Ifyoutrytochangethenumberbeforeitreaches100km，theappwillresetbackat0km.Toyotaclaimsthatthisisthefirstsmartphoneappthatattemptstodealwithtrafficsafetyissues.“Inlinewithcontributingtothefinalgoalofachievingzerodeathandzerotrafficaccidents，Toyotahastakenautomobilesafetymeasuresasoneofitstopprioritymanagementconcerns，”saidShuichiMurakami，managingofficeratToyota.“BycarryingoutanewtrafficsafetyregulationstogetherwithKomedaCoffeeandKDDI，wehopetofurtherreducetrafficaccidents.”文章大意：文章以爱知县和日本的交通状况为线索，谈到政府和一些汽车企业为降低因使用手机带来的交通事故而发明的一种新设备。1．“Thewheel”inParagraphlactuallyrefersto__D__.12\n解析：词义推断题。从文章前两段可知，这里的wheel指的是方向盘，即让司机全神贯注于驾驶。2．WhatcanwelearnaboutJapan’strafficfromthepassage？__A__A．Over50,000Japanesedriversgotarrestedforphoneusewhiledriving.B．Thefinalgoalofachievingzerotrafficaccidentswillsooncometrue.C．AichiPrefecturenolongertopsthelistinJapan’strafficdeathrates.D．443,691peoplediedorgotinjuredinlastyear’strafficaccidents.3．WhatdoweknowaboutDrivingBarista？__A__A．Itencouragesdrivingwithoutcheckingsmartphones.B．ItiscreatedbyseveralJapanesemotorcompanies.C．Itdeterminesthedistancethedriverhasdriven.D．Itcanbeplacedinanypositionbythedrivers.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage？__B__A．Smartphones—theNo.1killerindrivingB．AnapptocontrolsmartphoneuseindrivingC．Drivers，doyoulikecoffee?D．Japan’snewtrafficregulations解析：主旨大意题。本文的核心就是介绍这个装置的发明和使用，因此选B。其余三项都不是文章核心内容。B(2022·呼和浩特第二次调研)12\nAlotofusthinkthatweshouldvisitthedentisteverysixmonths.Whetherthosecheckupsarereallynecessaryis,however,amatterofdebate.In2022,threequartersofdentistssurveyedinNewYorkwererecommendingsixmonthlycheckups,despitetheabsenceofevidence.Today，manyorganizationsstillrecommendsixmonthlycheckups.Butforseveraldecadessomehavebeenarguingthatthechoiceofsixmonthsastheidealspacebetweenvisitsisratherquestionable.Forexample,AubreySheiham,aprofessorofdentalpublichealth,publishedapapercomplainingaboutthelackofevidenceforsixmonthlycheckups.Almost40years,he’sstillmakingthesamepoint.LastyeartheCochraneCollaborationperformedareviewoftheresearchthathadbeendoneandtheyweredisappointedwithwhattheyfound.Thequalityandquantityoftheresearchwassimplytoopoortobackuptheideaofsixmonthlycheckups.There’ssomethingelsewehavetobearinmind.Evenwhenastudyfinds,forexample,thatchildrenwhogotothedentistfrequentlyhavefewerfillings,theremaybeotherfactors(因素)atwork.Thosesamechildrenmayhaveotheradvantages:theymayeatmorehealthilyandhavebetterqualitydentalequipment.Howoftenshouldyouvisitthedentist，then?BodieslikeNice,whichprovidesguidancefortheNationalHealthServiceinEnglandandWales,saythatthefrequency12\nofdentalvisitsalldependsontheindividual.Theyrecommendthatchildrengoatleastonceayearbecausetheirteethcandecay(蛀蚀)faster,whileadultswithoutproblemscanwaitaslongastwoyears.TheyevengoasfarastosaythatlongerthantwoyearsisOKforpeoplewhohaveshowncommitmenttocaringfortheirteeth.Wheredoesthisleavetherestofusthenexttimewereceiveacardinthemailremindingusournextdentalvisitisdue?We’dalllikeanexcusetogolessoften,andthegoodnewsisthatifyoudon’thaveanyproblemsyoucanprobablywaitalittlelongerthansixmonthsbetweenvisits.Butexactlyhowlongyoucanwaitbeforeyourappointmentwiththedentist’schairwilldependontheassessmentyouandyourdentistmakeofyourownrisk.1．Whosupportssixmonthlydentalcheckups?A．Allthedentists.B．Manyorganizations.C．AubreySheiham.D．TheNationalHealthService.2．Theresearchmaynotprovetheideaofsixmonthlycheckupsbecause________．A．theremightbeotherfactorsatworkB．thenumberofthesubjectswasbigC．theresearcherswerenotqualifiedD．therewasalackofqualitydentalequipment3．Wecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________．12\nA．thefrequencyofdentalvisitsvariesfordifferentpeopleB．peopleoftenfindexcusestoavoidthenextdentalvisit C．peopleshoulddecidewhentogotothedentistbythemselvesD．thehealthierapersonis,thelessfrequentthedentalvisitsare4．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Howcanwegotothedentistless?B．Whydoweneedtovisitourdentist?C．Howoftendoweneedtovisitourdentist?D．Whoshouldgotothedentistfrequently?【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。很多牙医和护牙组织都认为，我们应该每六个月去检查一次牙齿。但是经过许多研究，并没有找到可以支持这种观点的合理性的确切证据。因此作者认为，我们多长时间去看一次牙医可以取决于个人的实际情况。1．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Today，manyorganizationsstillrecommendsixmonthlycheckups.”可知，现在有很多组织都建议人们每六个月就去做一次牙齿检查。故答案选B。根据第一段第三句“In2022，threequartersofdentistssurveyed...sixmonthlycheckups”可知，有四分之三的牙医推荐人们每六个月做一次牙齿检查，故A项错误；根据第一段倒数第二句可知，AubreySheiham认为每六个月去检查一次缺乏证据，故C项错误；根据第四段第二句可知，国民医疗保健服务认为看牙医的频率应取决于个人情况，故D项错误。2．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中“theremaybeotherfactors(因素)atwork”可知，这项研究可能无法证实人们应该每六个月去做一次牙齿检查的这种观点是因为：可能有其他一些因素在起作用。故答案选A。3．解析：选A。推理判断题。通读最后两段并根据第四段第二句中“thefrequencyofdentalvisitsalldependsonthe12\nindividual”可知，多长时间去看一次牙医取决于个人情况，即看牙医的频率因人而异。故答案选A。4．解析：选C。标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讨论的是人们应该多久去做一次牙齿检查。C项意为“我们需要多久去看一次牙医？”，体现了本文的中心，适合做标题。故答案选C。CInmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife and deathaffairs.Intheirsingle mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthe_most_vocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:“Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'sself respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve(缓解)canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议”，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。1．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Competitionhelpstosetupself respect.B．Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.C．Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D．Failuresarenecessaryexperiencesincompetition.答案：B 主旨大意题。根据文章首句“Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargument12\naboutcompetition.”可知，现代社会关于竞争有很多争议。下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。故B项正确。2．Whydosomepeoplefavorcompetitionaccordingtothepassage?A．Itbuildsupasenseofduty.B．Itpushessocietyforward.C．Itimprovespersonalabilities.D．Itencouragesindividualefforts.答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。故B项正确。3．Theunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”inParagraph3means________.A．thosewhotrytheirbesttowinB．thosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyC．thosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyD．thosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccess答案：C 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。故C项正确。4．Whatisthesimilarbeliefofthetruecompetitorsandthosewitha“desiretofail”？A．One'sworthliesinhisperformancecomparedwithothers'.B．One'ssuccessincompetitionneedsgreatefforts.C．One'sachievementisdeterminedbyhisparticularskills.D．One'ssuccessisbasedonhowhardhehastried.答案：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'sself respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.”可知，A项正确。5．Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto?A．Everyeffortshouldbepaidback.B．Competitionshouldbeencouraged.C．Winningshouldbealife and deathmatter.D．Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.12\n答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve(缓解)canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。故D项正确。D(2022·河南高考适应性测试)RegistrationisNowOpenforSummer.Request_a_brochure_or_apply_today!TheGreatBooksSummerProgramisanexperiencelikenootherinAmericaneducation.Forthepastthirteenyears,GBSPhasgatheredexceptionalmiddleandhighschoolstudentsfromacrosstheworldtoread,discussanddebateselectionsfromthegreatestworksofliterature,experiencecollegeleveldiscussionsandseminars,andenjoysummerfunwithotherliterarymindedstudents.WeoffersummercampsatStanfordUniversity,AmherstCollegeandOxfordUniversity.ASampleofLifeatGreatBooks:ReadanddiscussthelikesofPlato,Jefferson,Tolstoy,BorgesandVonnegutwithaninternationalcommunityofliteraturelovingstudentsanddistinguishedcollegefaculty.Thenjoinourartsandliteratureelectivestowriteinacreativefictionworkshop,paint“enpleinair”，learnanewinstrument,actinaShakespeareplay,orcloselyreadaRussiannovelwithagroupofnewfriends.Joinusintheeveningforacampdance,icecreamsocialorforasurpriseguestspeaker...perhapsaPulitzerprizewinningauthororcelebratedmoviedirector！Enjoyaworldclassuniversitycampus.Makefriendshipsthatwilllastalifetime.TheStudentExperience:Findyourvoiceintheclassroom.TheGreatBooksSummer12\nReadingProgramgivesstudentstheopportunitytogrowacademicallyandsociallyastheyprepareforhighschoolorcollege.Opendiscussionsencouragestudentstoexpressthemselvesandgivepowertotheirideas.Studentsgainconfidenceintheirabilitytoreadatextcloselyandexpresstheirideasclearlybothverballyandinwriting.ThreeDistinguishedCampuses:AmherstCollegeinMassachusetts,StanfordUniversityinCaliforniaandourinauguralsessionatOxfordUniversityinOxford,England.Thisistheperfectopportunitytopreviewlifeonacollegecampus!Don’tmissyourchancetojoinstudentsfrom49statesand29countriesinthisuniquelearningexperience!Spaceislimited.Register_today!1．WhocanregisterGBSP?A．Celebratedmoviedirectors.B．Distinguishedcollegefaculty.C．Pulitzerprizewinningauthors.D．Middleandhighschoolstudents.2．ThosewhotakepartinGBSPwill________．A．havetheprivilegetoapplyfortheuniversitiesmentionedinthetextB．behonoredataspecialceremonyatOxfordUniversityinOxford,EnglandC．beofferedthegreatworksofPlato,Jefferson,Tolstoy,BorgesandVonnegutD．havetheopportunitytogrowacademicallyandsociallyforfuturedevelopment3．Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A．Abookreview.B．Anofficialreport.12\nC．Anadvertisement.D．Anexhibitionguide.【解题导语】 本文是一则广告，主要介绍了暑期名著阅读计划。5．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“GBSPhasgatheredexceptionalmiddleandhighschoolstudentsfromacrosstheworld”可知，初高中学生可以加入暑期阅读计划。故答案选D。6．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“TheGreatBooksSummerReadingProgramgivesstudentstheopportunitytogrowacademicallyandsociallyastheyprepareforhighschoolorcollege.”可知，为了学生将来的发展，GBSP会给学生提供发展学术和增进社交能力的机会。故答案选D。7．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据文章开头“RegistrationisNowOpenforSummer.Request_a_brochure_or_apply_today！”并结合全文可知，本文是一则广告，介绍了暑期名著阅读计划及其好处，以吸引读者报名参加。故答案选C。ELeedsLibraryCalendarMonday10April18:00-20:00LeedsCentreforVictorianStudies—TheGottcollectionandtheYorkshireLandscape.NicoleHardingtalksaboutteGottcollection.Admission:FREESaturday6May13:00-15:30Members’FilmClub:TheBestActorandActressSeasonThereWillBeBlood(15)158mins.DanielPlainview(DayLewis)isadown-and-outsilverminerwhostrikesitrichandbecomesanoiltycoon.Whenhelearnsofasmalloil-richtowninCalifornis,hemovestherewithhisadoptedson.Usinghissontoprojecttheimageofacaringfamilyman,Plainviewgainsthecooperationofalmostallthelocalsinthetown,withpromisestohelpdeveloptheircommunitybutovertime,Plainview’sgradualaccumulationof12\nwealthandpowercauseshistrueselftosurface.Admission:€3(includingaglassofwine).Tobookpleaseclickhere.Wednesday17May18:00-20:00Member’sFilmClub:TheBestActorandActressSeasonBornYesterday(PG)116mins.JudyHollidayplaysBillieDawn,thedumbblondegirlfriendofHarryBrook(BroderickCrawford),acorruptmillionairejunkdealer.Brock,amanwithsocialambitions,isembarrassedbyBillie’srubebehavior,sohearrangesforhertotakeacrashcourseinculturefromahandsome,youngjournalist(WillianHolden).BillielearnsreallyquicklyunderhiskindguideandbecomesincreasinglyawareofherroleinBrock’sbusinessdeals.Admission:€3(includingaglassofwine).Tobookpleaseclickhere.Thursday8June18:00-20:30BigBookEndEvent:InConversationWithCandaceRobbandChrisNicksonHistorianandhistoricalcrimefictionauthor,CandaceRobbwillbeinconversationwithhistoricalcrimefictionauthor,ChrisNicksononThurs8June,7p.m.attheLeedsLibrary.Admission:€3Tobookpleaseclickhere.1.Whatfilmwillbeshownon6th May?A.JudyHolliday.B.AGlassofWine.C.ThereWillBeBlood.D.BornYesterday.2.WhatdoweknowaboutBillieDawnfromBornYesterday?A.Sheisembarrassedbyhebadmanners.B.Sherealizeswhattobeexpectedofher.C.Shecontributestoherfamilybusiness.D.Sheadmireshercourseteacher.3.WhowillattendBigBookEndEventattheLeedsLibrary?12\nA.CandaceRobb.B.WilliamHolden.C.DanielPlainview.D.BroderickCrawford.【文章大意】本文为一则广告，介绍了四月份到六月份在LeedsLibrary要进行的四个活动。1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知6May要上映ThereWillBeBlood，故选C。3.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Historianandhistoricalcrimefictionauthor,CandaceRobbwillbeinconversationwithhistoricalcrimefictionauthor,ChrisNicksononThurs8June,7p.m.attheLeedsLibrary.可知，CandaceRobb将要在LeedsLibrary出席BigBookEndEvent，故选A。12
