Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld李仕才一、阅读理解 Sometimes,youjustcan'thelpit.Maybeyou'rewatchingasadmovie,orthinkingaboutthefriendwhomovedaway.Nextthingyouknow,there'salumpinyourthroat,youreyesarewatering,andyouhavetearsrunningdownyourcheeks. AprofessorofpsychologyatTilburgUniversity,intheNetherlands,hasstudiedcrying.AccordingtoVingerhoets,there'rethreetypesoftears.Basaltearsarethefirsttype.Theyactasaprotectivebarrierbetweentheeyeandtherestoftheworld.Nextarereflextears.Theywashyoureyescleanwhensomethinggetsinthem.Finally,there'reemotionaltears.“Thesearereleasedinresponsetoemotionalstates,”explainsVingerhoets. Scientistsbelievecryinghassomethingtodowithhowhumansdevelopedandlearnedtodependoneachother.“Humansareverycomplexsocialcreatures,”saysLaurenBylsma,aprofessorfromPittsburghUniversity,inPennsylvania.“Itseemsthattearscanmakethemgethelpandsupportfromothers.” Shesaysanotherreasonwhyweweepisthathumanshavethelongestdevelopmentalperiodofalmostanyanimal.Ittakesalongtimetogrowup. Vingerhoetsagrees.“Ithinkthatthereasonwhyhumansshed(流出)emotionaltearshastodowithourprolonged(延长的)childhood,”hesays.“That'sthetimewhenwe'restilldependentonadultsforlove,protectionandcare.Themajoradvantageoftearsisthatyoucantargetthemataspecificperson.” Vingerhoetssaysthisabilitycouldhavecomeinhandyinprehistorictimes,whenhumanswerelivingamongdangerousanimals.Loudcryingcouldattractpredators(捕食者).Tearswereasaferwaytogetattention.“Inthiscase,it'sbettertousea silent signaltoaskforhelp,”hesays.VingerhoetsandBylsmadofrequentstudiestobetterunderstandwhyhumanscry.1.ThetearsmentionedinParagraph1shouldbelongto________.A.basaltearsB.reflex9\ntearsC.happytearsD.emotionaltears2.WhatisVingerhoets'attitudetotheeffectsoftears?A.Passive.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.3.Theunderlinedphraseof“asilentsignal”probablyrefersto________.A.awrittenlanguageB.predatorsC.tearsD.loudcrying4.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.TypesofTearsB.PreciousTearsC.SecretsofTearsD.OnTears参考答案：1.D;2.B;3.C;4.C解析：1.[推理判断题。根据第二段Finally,there'reemotionaltears.“Thesearereleasedinresponsetoemotionalstates,”explainsVingerhoets.可推断出,第一段提到的泪水属于emotionaltears。]2.[态度判断题。根据倒数第二段可知其实文中这两位科学都认为泪水有好处,即积极看待眼泪。]3.[词义猜测题。根据文中划线前Tearswereasaferwaytogetattention.的叙述可知,在这种情况下(在史前时期人类大声哭泣会引来危险的动物),最好用这种“无声的信号”来寻求帮助。因此这种无声的信号就是前面所指的“眼泪”。]4.[标题归纳题。文章从科学研究的角度对眼泪的种类、哭的原因等做了科学的分析,揭示了眼泪不为人知的秘密。故该项用作文章的标题最佳。]二、单句语法填空1．(2022·北京高考)Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,________easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.答案：can 此处表示能力，要用can。2．Ithinkyoushouldapologizetoyourbrother________yourrudeness.答案：for apologizetosb.forsth.“因为某事向某人道歉”。9\n3．Itissurprisingthattherearestillmanypeopleintheworld________(starve)todeatheachyear.答案：starving starvetodeath“饿死”，people和starve在逻辑上存在主谓关系，故要用starve的现在分词形式，作后置定语。4．Noofficial________(permit)hasbeengivenfortheeventtotakeplace.答案：permission officialpermission“官方许可”，在句中是名词短语作主语。5．Forgiveothers,andyou________(forgive)．答案：willbeforgiven 本句是“祈使句，andsb.willdo...”句式，本句中forgive和you存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。6．Thestoryremindsme________anunforgettableexperienceIoncehad.答案：of remindsb.ofsth.“使某人想到某事”。7．Contrarytothepopularbelief________classicalmusicistoocomplex,itachievesasimplicitythatonlyageniuscancreate.答案：that 句中belief为一抽象名词，其后接由that连接的同位语从句进一步解释说明belief。8．I'dliketoexpressmy________(admire)forthecourageanduncomplainingspiritofthefirefighters.答案：admiration 由空前的人称代词my可知，此处应用名词admiration“敬佩”。9．________wasobvioustoeveryonethatthechildhadbeenbadlytreated.答案：It Itisobviousthat...“很明显……”。10．Thejudge________(award)him$1,000indamages.答案：awarded award在句中是谓语动词，意为“裁定；判给”。三、完形填空Tenyearsago，adoctortoldmesomethingwaswrongwithmylungandIhadtogiveupworkatonceandwenttobed.Iwastotally__1__andfeltIwassuddenlyplacedunder__2__ofdeathwithanindefinitereprieve(缓刑)．Aftercarefulthought，I__3__myaffairs；thenIwenthomeandgotintobed.But2yearslater，Ileftmybedand__4__thelongclimbback.Itwasanotheryear__5__Imadeit.Ispeakofthisexperiencebecausethesepastyearshave__6__mewhattovalueandwhattobelieve.I__7__nowthatthisworldisnotmyoyster(牡蛎)tobeopenedbutmy__8__tobegrasped.I'vealsolearnedthatit'snecessaryto__9__thoselittle，allimportantthings9\nIneverthoughtIwould__10__before：themusicofthewindinmyfavoritepinetree，the__11__ofsunlightonrunningwater.Iseemnow，withsomeofthe__12__freshnessofchildhood，tohearandsee.Howwell，__13__，IrecallthetouchoftheearththedayIfirststeppeduponitaftertheyearsinbed.Itwaslike__14__one'scitizenshipinaworldonehadnearlylost.Frequently，I__15__myselfthatIneedmakenotesofthis__16__.I'mlivinginnow，becauseinitI'mwell，__17__，doingwhatIlikebest.Itwon'talwaysbelikethis，__18__I'llmakethemostofitandbegrateful.I__19__allthistothatlongtimespentinbed.Wiserpeoplecometothis__20__withouthavingtoacquireitthehardway.ButIwasn'twiseenough.I'mwisernow，alittle，andhappier.1．A.confused B．shockedC．determinedD．annoyed2．A.trialB．pressureC．sentenceD．control3．A.madeupB．setupC．tookupD．clearedup4．A.recalledB．beganC．avoidedD．accepted5．A.whenB．afterC．sinceD．before6．A.assignedB．taughtC．treatedD．assured7．A.admitB．demandC．expectD．realize8．A.knowledgeB．opportunityC．attentionD．point9．A.dismissB．listC．defineD．appreciate10．A.noticeB．recordC．rememberD．track11．A.shadowB．shakeC．playD．feeling12．A.damagedB．recoveredC．fadedD．changed9\n13．A.incontrastB．inreturnC．forinstanceD．bychance14．A.maintainingB．regainingC．discoveringD．forgetting15．A.remindB．promiseC．adviseD．convince16．A.countryB．momentC．memoryD．inspiration17．A.pleasedB．courageousC．confidentD．strong18．A.meanwhileB．otherwiseC．howeverD．therefore19．A.applyB．oweC．contributeD．adapt20．A.awarenessB．agreementC．commentD．compromise【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场重病让作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的东西。因此他对自己当下所拥有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。1．B 根据上文中的“Tenyearsago,adoctortoldmesomethingwaswrongwithmylungandIhadtogiveupworkatonceandwenttobed”可知，当被告知自己的肺部出了问题且不得不立即放弃工作卧床休息时作者感到非常震惊(shocked)。confused“困惑的”；annoyed“恼怒的”。2．C 作者突然觉得自己好像是被判了死缓一样。根据语境尤其是下文的“withanindefinitereprieve(缓刑)”可知，此处应选sentence“宣判，判刑”。undersentenceofdeath“被判处死刑”。3．D 仔细思考之后，作者把手头的事务处理掉，然后回家了。根据上文中的“Ihadtogiveupworkatonceandwenttobed”可知，clearup“解决，清理”符合语境。makeup“组成，编造”；setup“设立”；takeup“开始从事，占据”。4．B 两年后，作者离开了病床，开始(began)了漫长的重回之前的生活状态的“攀登”。recall“回忆起”；avoid“避免”；accept“接受”。5．D 过了一年，作者就做到了。Itwas/is＋一段时间＋before...是固定句型，意为“过了……才/就……”。6．B 作者谈及这段经历是因为那些过去的岁月教会(taught)了作者应该珍惜什么，相信什么。assign“分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使确信”。9\n7．D 现在作者意识到(realize)这个世界不是等待他去打开的牡蛎，而是需要他去抓住的机会。admit“承认”；expect“期待，期望”。8．B 参见上题解析。grasptheopportunity“抓住机会”，是固定搭配。knowledge“知识”；attention“注意力”；point“观点”。9．D 作者也学会了欣赏(appreciate)那些不起眼的但却很重要的东西，而作者之前从未想过自己会去注意这些东西。dismiss“不予理会，不予考虑”；list“列举”；define“给……下定义，解释”。10.A 参见上题解析。notice“注意到”；record“记录”；remember“记得”；track“跟踪”。11．C 根据上文中的“themusicofthewindinmyfavoritepinetree”和下文中的“Iseemnow…tohearandsee”可知，此处指的应是作者以前不会注意到的东西。play“轻快变幻的动作，闪烁”，theplayofsunlightonwater“阳光在水面上的闪烁”。12．B 作者重新找回了童年时期看待事物的新鲜感。recovered“重新获得的，重新找到的”，符合语境。13．C 比如，回想起自己卧床两年后重新踏上这片土地的感觉有多好。forinstance“比如，例如”，符合语境。incontrast“相反”；inreturn“作为回报”；bychance“偶然地”。14．B 这就像在一个差点失去的世界中重新获得公民身份一样。regain“重新得到”和下文的“lost”相对应。maintain“维持”；discover“发现”；forget“忘记”。15．A 作者经常提醒自己要记下这个自己现在生活的时刻，因为活在此刻，作者是健康且快乐的，而且能做自己最喜欢做的事情。remind“提醒”，符合语境。promise“许诺，允诺”；convince“使相信”。16．B 参见上题解析。moment“时刻”；inspiration“灵感”。17．A 参见第15题解析。pleased“快乐的，高兴的”；courageous“勇敢的”；confident“自信的”；strong“坚强的”。下文中的“I'mwisernow，alittle，andhappier”亦是提示。18．D 它不会总是如这般存在，因此作者会充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之间是因果关系，故用therefore。meanwhile“与此同时”；otherwise“否则”；however“然而”。19．B 作者将这一切都归功于他卧病在床的那段漫长时光。owe...to...“把……归功于……”，是固定用法。20．A 更有智慧的人无需被困到如此境地也能明白这些道理。awareness“意识，明白”符合语境。compromise“妥协”。四、单句改错9\n1．ThefestivalofHalloweenhaditsoriginasaneventinthememoryofthedead.________________________________________________________答案：去掉memory前的the inmemoryof“为了纪念……”。2．Don'tworry.I'msureyourmissingglasseswillturnoutsoonerorlater.________________________________________________________答案：out→up turnup“出现；露面”。turnout“证明是；结果是”。3．It'spossibletoholdyourbreathefortwominutesinpractice.________________________________________________________答案：breathe→breath breathe是动词，意为“呼吸”，breath是名词，holdone'sbreath意为“屏住呼吸”。4．TheInternetgivespeoplethechancetohavetheinformationtheylookforwardtodeliveringtothemquicklyandcheaply.________________________________________________________答案：delivering→delivered 句中“theylookforwardto”是定语从句，先行词是information。havetheinformationdelivered“传递/发送信息”。5．Wordcamethepresidentwouldbeshownaroundourschool.________________________________________________________答案：came后加that Wordcamethat...“消息传来说……”。that引导的是同位语从句，虽无意义但是不能省略。五、七选五Learninganotherlanguageisanexcitingtripintoanewworld,anditcantakesometimeandefforttogetthere.Luckily,thereareafeweasywaystomakeyouradventuregoalotmoresmoothly.Learnalittleeveryday.Oneofthekeystolearninganotherlanguageispracticingalittlebiteveryday.1Studyingforlongperiodscanwearyououtandlimityourfocus.Startingwithsmallbutregularsessionsisthebestwaytokeepyourgrammarandvocabularyfreshinyourmind.Practiceoutloud.2Pronunciationisthekeytolearninganotherlanguageandtomakingyourselfunderstoodbynativespeakers.Readsentencesaloudfrombooksormagazines9\ninthelanguageyou’restudying,orjustreadoveryourgrammarexerciseswhileyou’repracticing.You’llstarttogetusedtothewaythenewwordssoundandfeel.Closethebooks.Fromfilmstointernationalwebsites,therearedozensofwaystoencounter(遇到)otherlanguagesintherealworld.3Listentointernationalradiostations—manyofthemarestreamingovertheInternet—orlookupthewebsitesofnewspapersinthelanguageyou’restudying.Youcankeeplearninganotherlanguagewhilesurfingtheweborhavingamovienightwithyourfriends!4Learninganotherlanguagetakesdeterminationandperseverance,sokeeppracticing!Remembertoreviewthebasicsaswellasnewvocabularyandgrammar,sinceeverythingyoulearnwillbuildonthefoundationyoustartwith.Luckily,youhaveagreatreasontokeepupthehardwork.5A.Beoptimistic.B.Keepitup.C.Eventually,they’lljustcomenaturally.D.Remembertoexploresomeofthemwhenyou’relearninganotherlanguage.E.Learninganotherlanguagecanbroadenyourhorizonsandintroduceyoutonewpeopleandpartsoftheworld.F.Getafeelforthelanguagebysayingwordsandphrasesoutloudwhileyoupractice.G.Reserveanhourtopracticeeachdayandsticktoyourschedule【语篇解读】本文介绍了学好另一种语言的几种方法。1.G根据前一句＂Oneofthekeystolearninganotherlanguageispracticingalittlebiteveryday.＂可知学习语言的关键是要每天练习，因此每天要复习一小时，并且坚持你的计划。故选G。9\n3.D根据句子＂therearedozensofwaystoencounter(遇到)otherlanguagesintherealworld.＂可知有多种方法可以在真实场景下遇到其他语种，那么下一句应该是说我们要学会探索出一些场景。故选D。4.B根据下面的句子＂Learninganotherlanguagetakesdeterminationandperseverance,sokeeppracticing!＂可知小标题应该是＂坚持＂，由此判断选B。5.E根据前面的句子＂Luckily,youhaveagreatreasontokeepupthehardwork.＂(幸运的是你有一个很好的理由来坚持这个艰难的工作。)可知下面要讲到原因，即这样做的好处/优点：开扩视野，帮你看到一个崭新的世界，由此判断选E。9
