书面表达开放类(半)开放式书面表达：指给出很少的提示或近乎命题作文，这种题要求考生发挥想象把文章的内容合理地表达出来。也有的是给出漫画、一句话或一种情景，让考生根据自己的理解写作文，即给出漫画、主题或两三点提示，由考生去发挥、构思。(半)开放作文形同于书面表达，但又不等同于书面表达，因为书面表达往往给出较为详细的提示（文字提纲式、文字+图画式、或图表式），考生在组织短文时，完全可以把这些提示当作短文的提纲或线索；考生在表达时，只需沿着这条线索思维即可，留给考生进行发散思维的空间不多。而＂(半)开放作文＂是一种限制相对较少、留给考生更多自由发挥空间的、考查学生书面表达能力的一种新题型。这种题型只给出主题，也就是说只告诉你正在或将要发生什么事情，至于事情发生的过程、结果则完全由考生自己去发挥，考生的思维完全可以发散。所以，考生的思路不同，写出的作文就会是千人千面。常见的(半)开放式作文命题形式标题式标题式(半)开放作文的命题形式往往是要求考生围绕一个特定的话题去写作。＂标题式(半)开放作文＂实际上相当于汉语的命题式作文，考生只要围绕题目中所给的特定的话题说明、叙述、举例，加上谈谈自己的感想或发表自己的看法就可以了。漫画式漫画式(半)开放作文以北京高考为代表。命题形式往往是要求考生围绕一幅漫画去写作。然而，相对于＂标题式＂(半)开放作文而言，＂漫画式＂(半)开放作文的写作难度更大。常考文体＂(半)开放作文＂的常考文体有两种：记叙文和议论文。＂记叙式开放作文＂一般给出一段材料，然后要求考生沿着材料的纵横发展方向，充分发挥想象力，拓展原材料内容；同时运用逻辑推理方法，进行谋篇布局；最后串词成句，连句成文。总结起来就是，＂记叙式(半)开放作文＂要求考生灵活处理所给材料，做到综合分析，辩证思考，提炼观点，力求论点合理，论据充分，论证严密。＂议论式(半)开放作文＂则要求考生根据所提供的信息材料(一般为漫画)，在描述漫画信息之余，发挥自己的想象，展开简单的议论，并略谈自己的观点和看法。总结起来就是，＂议论式(半)开放作文＂要求考生围绕所给漫画的信息，简要地进行描述，辩证思考，提炼观点，力求论点合理，发人深思。值得注意的是：近年来，北京卷＂(半)开放作文＂倾向于＂就图论事＂、＂就图明理＂。可以说，＂议论式(半)16\n开放作文＂与现在流行的新课改、新课程、新课标非常吻合，也与流行的研究性学习、探究性学习非常一致，既迎合了当前教学潮流，又对潮流有一定的引领和推动作用。因此，考生要注意训练自己围绕图片，总结写作要点的能力。另外，看图类文章的审题难度要略大于文字类文章的审题难度，所以考生在平时的训练中应该加强对解图能力的训练。第一步、描述漫画内容描述漫画内容的基本条件是看懂漫画。要求是：审图要准，定位要清；描述时言简意赅，不可越位；要注意：不要花太多时间挖掘图画深意！因为(半)开放作文不看重你的思想厚度，而看重你的语言质量。第二步、阐述对漫画的理解所谓对漫画的理解，是指围绕漫画反映的基本事实进行较为细致的解释和自己的看法、感想或人生感悟等。要求是：逻辑清晰，合情合理。根据以上两个步骤，我们可以这样认为：＂(半)开放作文＂只要求你做两件事情，一件是描述图画（describethefollowingpicture），另一件是阐述你对图画解释和看法（explainhowyouunderstandit）。相应地，你只需要写两个段落，一段是＂描述段＂，另一段是＂议论段＂。1.＂描述段＂的写法：第一句可以使用如下句式：Inthepicture,thereis…等。＂描述段＂的功能就是传达图画中的信息，向读者交代图画内容，所以必能使用＂therebe＂句型。另外，＂描述段＂的另一个功用即：为第二段的议论埋下伏笔。2.＂议论段＂的写法：＂议论＂段的首句有个固定的句式，即：Inmyopinion,thepictureismeaningfulandwonderfulaswell.等。如何发议论呢？所谓议论，就是根据图画信息，表达你的看法、感想。考生不必过深地挖掘图画信息，只需用简单的英文，表达平易的道理。换句话说，只要你能用正确的英文表达你的感想，便赢得了胜利。Writing1(2022·新课标全国卷I)假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外资公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教MsJenkins写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(forma)。16\n注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearMsJenkins,IamLiHua.IamwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyplanforthecomingsummervacationandIalsowantyoutodomeafavor.Inordertogetsomepracticalexperience,Iamplanningtotakeapart-timejobinaforeigncapitalcompany.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyjobapplicationandpersonalresume.ButthisisthefirsttimethatIhavewrittenanapplicationandthepersonalresume,soIdon’tevenknowiftherearesomethingtopayattentionto.So,I’mwritingyoutheletter,hopingyoucangivemesomehelp.Iwillbeverygratefulifyoucanhelpme.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.AndI’dbereallythankful.Yours,LiHua【名师点睛】本文是一篇较为优秀的范文。格式正确，要点全面，语言通顺、流畅，很好地完成了写作任务。在本文中开头提出写信的目的，然后具体讲述自己的困难，再提出请求，最后表达自己的感激之情。所以在内容上逻辑性较强。此外，作者还使用了不定式短语Inordertogetsomepracticalexperience,16\n现在分词短语hopingyoucangivemesomehelp,宾语从句iftherearesomethingtopayattentionto等。经典句式thisisthefirsttimethatIhavewrittenanapplicationandthepersonalresume也是文章的亮点所在。Writing2(2022·浙江卷)＂Planningisgood,butdoingisbetter＂是一句英国名言。请以此为题用英语写一篇100~120词的短文。要求如下：1.简述你对这句名言的理解；2.用一个具体事例加以说明；3.给出恰当的结尾。注意：1.文章的标题已给出（不计词数）；2.文中不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、老师或同学姓名等真实信息，否则按作弊行为认定。PlanningIsGood,ButDoingIsBetter______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】PlanningIsGood,ButDoingIsBetterPlanningisgoodasitdecidesindetailhowwedowhatwewanttodo.However,aplancanbearnofruitwithoutbeingactuallycarriedout.MyexperienceintheEnglishspeechcontestlastOctoberisacaseinpoint.Amonthbeforetheevent,Ispenthoursworkingoutascheduleoutliningmygoalsandpracticalsteps.Afterthat,Isetouttoreadwidelyforaninspiringtopic,wroteaspeech,andpracticeditsdeliveryinbeautifulpronunciationwithgoodpublicspeechskills.Ifinallycameoutofthecontestasthefirstprizewinner.IknowhowIachievedmysuccess.Itcamefromgoodplanningandbetterdoingcombined.16\n【写作指导】本文为一篇开放式作文。题目给出标题和提纲。结合题目可判断出主要是介绍将计划付诸实施的重要性。围绕这个主旨去写，不能跑题。提纲部分还要求三个方面：1.简述你对这句名言的理解；2.用一个具体事例加以说明；3.给出恰当的结尾。这就确定了作文的结构框架。在主旨和结构确定下来后，还要注意文章应用第一人称和一般现在时、一般过去时。写作时发挥自己的想象，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将文章完整地表述出来。注意要主次分明、详略得当，语言力求准确、简洁，同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章自然连贯。最后要认真查验是否有漏写情况、有无拼写错误及标点误用等。【名师点睛】本篇范文短小精悍，结构合理，语言简洁，时态、人称准确，很好地完成了写作任务。在文章开头，作者紧扣题目，提出自己对plan的理解，同时引出下文，然后用自己的亲身经历表明要将计划付诸实施非常重要。在文中，作者用到了短语indetail,bearnofruit,carryout,setoutto等短语，避免了文章表达的单一。此外，还用到了宾语从句howwedo和howIachievedmysuccess,以及句型Itcamefromgoodplanningandbetterdoingcombined等，这些都给文章增加了亮点。Writing3(2022·浙江卷)在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以＂WhenIHaveaDifferentOpinion＂为题，用英语写一篇100~120个词的短文。要求如下：1.从以上两种做法中选择一种；2.以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。否则，按考试作弊行为认定。WhenIHaveaDifferentOpinion_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Possibleversion1:16\nWhenIHaveaDifferentOpinionWemayhavedifferentopinionsinorganizingclassactivities.Wemayhavevariouswaystodealwithsuchasituation.WhenIhaveabetteridea,Iwouldchoosetosticktoit.Bydoingso,Icannotonlysharegoodideaswithothersbutalsolearntoexpressmyselfclearly.Oncewewerediscussingwheretogoforanouting.MostofmyclassmateswantedtogotoaparkwhileIhadanideaofgoingtoanicerplace.Imanagedtopersuademyclassmatesintoacceptingmyidea.Wedidhaveagoodtimethatday.Goodopinionsareworthstickingtobecausetheycanbenefitusall.Possibleversion2:WhenIHaveaDifferentOpinionWemayhavedifferentopinionsinorganizingclassactivities.WhenIhaveadifferentopinion,Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority.Themainreasonformychoiceisthatbeingbroughtupinacultureemphasizingcollectivism,Itendtosacrificemyowninterestforthegroupbenefit.Oncewewerelefttodecidewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseum.Iwouldlovetogotoamuseum,butmostofmyclassmateswantedtogoforapicnic.Withouthesitation,Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.Sometimesgivingupalittlecanmeangettingmore.Writing4(2022·湖南卷)学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以＂MyMagic________＂为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。内容：1.说明设计理由；2.介绍新功能。注意：1.词数不少于120个；2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16\n_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】MyMagicShoesAsisknowntousall,shoesplayanimportantroleinourlife,foritcanprotectourfeetfrombeinghurt.Writing5(2022·江苏卷)请根据你对以下两幅图的理解，以"ActionsSpeakLouderthanWords"为题，用英语写一篇作文。参考词汇：banner(横幅) stump(树桩)你的作文应包括以下内容：1.简要描述两幅图的内容；2.概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解；3.举例说明两幅图对你的启示。注意：1.可参照图片适当发挥；2.作文词数150左右；16\n3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。ActionsSpeakLouderthanWords____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】ActionsSpeakLouderthanWordsPeoplecelebrateEarthDaydifferently.InPicture1,amanistryingtoputupabanneronalonelytreeWriting1(河北省保定市2022届高三摸底考试)进入高三以来，同学们倍感学习压力，有的同学熬夜学习，甚至课间十分钟也不放过。假设你是李华，请针对这一现象，在penpalworld.com网站上用英语发表一下自己的看法，与外国中学生进行交流。注意：1.词数100左右。16\n2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】HiFellows,I’mLiHua,aseniorhighstudentfromChina.I’dliketosharesomethingwithyou.Sincethebeginningofseniorhigh,thelearningburdenmakesusstudentsfeelmorestressed.ManyofusoftensituplateatnightfightingfortheCollegeEntranceExam;evenaten-minutebreakwon’tbeletgo.AsfarasIknow,lackofsleepdoesgreatharmtoourhealth.Foronething,wecan’tconcentrateinclassifwedon’tgetenoughsleep.Foranother,wemaygetangryandimpatienteasily.Bythesametoken,aten-minutebreakisdefinitelynecessary,whichcanhelpusgetridoftirednessandfocusonnextclassperiod.Afamousproverbgoeswell,＂AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy＂.Howaboutyoursituationandopinion?Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Writing2(2022届河北衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练)近年来，名校受到越来越多的家长和学生的推崇。请你结合这个现象写一篇英语短文，分析出现＂名校热＂的原因，并针对这个现象谈谈你的看法。注意：词数100左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】16\nInrecentyears,moreandmoreparentswanttosendtheirchildrentofamousschoolsbecausetheythinkitcanensurethattheirchildrengotofamousuniversities.Itistruethatfamousschoolsareequippedwithbetterteachingfacilities.However,noteverystudentisfitforfamousschoolswherethereisfiercecompetitionamongstudents.Andstudentstherehavetoworkmuchharderthanstudentsinotherschools.Ihopethegovernmentwilltakeeffectivemeasurestomakesurealltheschoolsprovideequallygoodeducation.Inthisway,allthestudentshaveequalrighttohighqualityeducation.Writing3(2022届江西省重点中学高三模拟)为响应“中国梦——我的梦”，彰显高中生的青春与活力，近期JGEXB(井冈英语学报)发布了一则征文，体裁为演讲稿。征文题目为“IbelieveIcan”。注意：1.词数：100左右；2.格式已给出；3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen,Pleaseanswermeaquestion,“Haveyoueverseensuchasceneasthefollowing?”Inthemorning,whenyouwakeup,openyoureyesslowly,lookaround,youcannoticethatthelightcomesintoyourroomandsmellthefreshair,youcanhearthesweetnaturevoiceoutsidethewindows.Yes,yes,yes,whatabeautifulday,whatadifferentday,andwhatabrightday!Andmostimportantly,itisanewjourneyofyourlife,anewbeginningtomakenewdecisions,takenewactions,makenewfriends,andtakeyourlifetoatotallynewworld!Inyoureyes,youcanseeclearlythethingsyouwanttohave,thepacesyouintendtogo,16\ntherelationshipyoudesiretodevelop,andthepositionsyouaspiretoreach.Youaretheonlyone;Iamtheonlyone,too.Weareallspecialanddifferent.Lifewillbesenselessifthereisnoperson.I ammyself,soIbelieveIcan!IknoweverydreamwillcometrueifI'mpassionate,confidentandWriting1如何理解"合作"，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语(quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。"Unitedwestand，dividedwefall."内容要求：1.你对该引语的理解；2.你的相关经历；3.你所得出的结论。注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；2.文中不能出现考生的具体信息；3.词数100左右。Thisquotationtellsusthat______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16\n________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Thisquotationtellsusthatunityisstrength.Wheneverwearefacedwithdifficulties,cooperationplaysasignificantroleingettingusoutoftrouble.TherewasatimewhenIwassoskilledinplayingbasketballthatIbecamesoproud.However,afterwelostagameduetothefactthatIoverlookedmypartnersandrefusedtocooperatewiththem,mycoachmademerealizetheimportanceofcooperation.Lateron,notonlydidIcooperatewithothersinthegamebutalsoIlearnedtohelpothersandturnedtothemforhelp.Surelycooperationmadeabigdifferenceandhelpedourteammakemanyachievements.FromthisexperienceIlearnthatonlyifweattachmuchimportancetocooperationcanwewin.Writing216\n你校英文报纸开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何面对失败。请你写一篇英语短文，谈谈自己的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Ashighschoolstudents,wehavetoadmitthatfailureispartofourlife.Difficultiescanarisenowandthen,whichmaycauseusrepeatedfailure.Andit’simpossibleforustogetridofthemcompletely.Butwecandeveloptherightattitudetowardsfailure.Whenfacedwithfailure,Ineverfeelupset,blameothersorcomplainabouttheenvironment.Instead,Iremainoptimisticandregardeveryfailureasanopportunitytolearn.Ifwecandrawalessonfromeachfailure,we’llbeontherightwaytosuccess.Therefore,inthefaceoffailure,takeyourcourage.What’smore,ifnecessary,turntoyourclassmatesandteachersforhelp.16\nWriting3请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。Weallknowthat"sticksandstonesmaybreakourbones",butweshouldalsobeawarethatwordscanhurtpeople,too.注意：1.无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；2.除诗歌外，文体不限；3.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；4.词数100左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing4请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Beautylieseverywhere.Onefamouspersononcesaid,"It’snotthelackofbeautyinlife,butthelackoftheeyestofindthebeauty."Jim:Ihaveadeepunderstandingofthesentence.Theeyesstandforourattitudetowardslife.Ifweholdanoptimisticattitudetowardslife,wearemorewillingandactivetofind16\neverythingmoreattractivearoundus.Asamatteroffact,anoptimisticpersonwillfinddailythingsmorebeautifulthanapessimisticperson.Linda:Peoplemaybeeasilyaffectedbythesurroundings.Whateverweseeeverydayhasarealeffectonourmindset.Therefore,Ithinkweshouldlearntochangeourattitudetowardslife,andtryourbesttokeepmotivatedandencouraged.Ifwekeepaneyeopenforthingsaroundusintentionally,wecanfindthereismuchmorebeautywaitingforus.写作内容1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；2.用约120个单词谈谈你对"保持积极向上的心态"的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整,语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Asweallknow,variouspeopleholdvariousattitudestowardslife.Optimisticpeopleareoftendelightedtofindbeautyeverywhereandthebeautyisalwaysreadyforthosewhoareactiveandoptimistic.Frommypointofview,havinganoptimisticattitudecanmakeagreatdifferenceinlife.First,beingactiveandoptimisticplaysaroleinchangingourattitudetowardslife,thuschangingthewayweperformandact,andfinallybetteringourbodilyfunctions.Thatistosay,theoptimisticmindsetisofgreatbenefittousphysicallyandmentally.Besides,thiskindofmindsetishelpfulinimprovingpeople’ssocialrelationships.That’s16\nwhyanactiveandoptimisticpersonisalwayssurroundedbyalargenumberoffriends.Myoptimisticattitudetowardslifeishighlythoughtofbymyfriends.Theyalwaysfindpleasureinstayingwithme.Theysaytheirattitudehasbeenchangedasaresultofthat.Inaword,anoptimisticattitudecanbenefitusaswellasthepeoplearoundus.16
