美国散文作家诗人爱默生简介英文版RalphWaldoEmerson– AmericanRomanticism
Emerson’sEarlyLifeEmerson’sAesthetics&SignificanceEmerson’sHistoricalPositionEmerson’sMajorWorksLateLifeandDeathConclusion
Emerson’sEarlyLifeAmericanessayist,philosopher,poet,andleaderofthetranscendentalistmovementintheearly19thcentury.HisteachingsdirectlyinfluencedthegrowingNewThoughtmovementofthemid1800s.BornonMay25th,1803inBostonBornonthesamestreetasthebirthhomeofBenjaminFranklin.
EarlyTrialsEmersonwassonofaUnitarianministerEducatedatBostonLatinSchoolandatHarvardCollegeWhileastudentatHarvardhekeepingalistofbookshehadreadandstartedajournalinaseriesofnotebooksthatwouldbecalled"WideWorld".
AfterHarvard,hetaughtasaschoolmaster,whichhesoongaveupforthestudyoftheology.EnteredHarvardDivinitySchoolin1825,wherehefullyabsorbedthedoctrinesofUnitarianism（唯一神教派）In1829,becametheUnitarianministeroftheSecondChurchofBoston
AbandonedUnitarianismandwenttoEuropesearchingfortruthFoundedaTranscendentalists’clubandpublishedajournalTraveledandgavelectures;quiteinfluential爱默生喜欢演讲，面对人群令他兴奋不已，他说他感觉到一种伟大的情感在召唤，他的主要声誉和成就建立于此。他通过自己的论文和演说成为美国超验主义的领袖，并且成为非正式哲学家中最重要的一个。“Trustthyself:everyheartvibrates(颤动)tothatironstring.”“Tobegreatistobemisunderstood.”
Emerson’saestheticsa.InEmerson'sopinion,poetsshouldfunctionaspreacherswhogavedirectionstothemass.b.Truepoetryshouldserveasamoralpurification c.Theargument(orhisthoughtorexperience)shoulddecidetheformofthepoeminsteadoftraditionaltechniques.d.Thepoetsshouldexpresshisthoughtinsymbols. e.Poetsshouldusewordsfortheirpictorialandimaginativemeaning.f.Astotheme,EmersoncalleduponAmericanauthorstowriteraboutpeculiarAmericanmatters.
SignificanceEmerson'saestheticsbroughtaboutarevolutioninAmericanliteratureingeneralandinAmericanpoetryinparticular.ItmarkedthebirthoftrueAmericanpoetryandtrueAmericanpoets.Emerson'sgraveinSleepyHollowCemetery
Emerson’sHistoricalPositionHeembodiedanewnation’sdesireandstruggletoassertitsownidentityinitsformativeperiod.HisaestheticsbroughtaboutarevolutioninAmericanliterature.ItmarkedthebirthoftrueAmericanpoetry.Hecalledforanindependentculture,whichrepresentedthedesireofthewholenationtodevelopacultureofitsown.Hisreputationdeclinedsomewhatinrecentyearsbecauseofthecheerfuloptimismimpregnatedinhisworks.
TheBritishcriticMatthewArnoldsaidthemostimportantwritingsinEnglishinthe19thcenturyhadbeenWordsworth'spoemsandEmerson'sessays.
Emersonwrotemostofhisimportantessaysaslecturesfirst,thenrevisedthemforprint.Hisfirsttwocollectionsofessays–Essays:FirstSeriesandEssays:SecondSeries,publishedrespectivelyin1841and1844–representthecoreofhisthinking,andincludesuchwell-knownessaysasSelf-Reliance(论自助）TheOver-Soul（论超灵）Circles,ThePoet（诗人）andExperience（经验）.TogetherwithNature（论自然）theseessaysmadethedecadefromthemid-1830stothemid-1840sEmerson'smostfertileperiod.
TheFounderofTranscendentalism:RalphWaldoEmerson
WhatisTranscendentalism?ANewEnglishliterarymovementthatflourishedduringthemiddle19thCentury(1836–1860),whichheldthatspiritualreality,discerniblethroughintuition,transcendedempiricalorscientificknowledge.
A.influencedalargegroupofwritersB.summitofAmericanRomanticismC.markedtheindependenceofAmericanliterature
LateLifeandDeathUpsetinthe1860sbythecomingoftheCivilWar,Emersonlivedaquietlifewithhisfamily.Hishouseburnttothegroundin1872.DiedonApril27th,1882.
Asagreatprose-poet,EmersoninfluencedalonglineofAmericanpoets,includingWaltWhitman（惠特曼）,EmilyDickinson（迪金森）,EdwinArlingtonRobinson,WallaceStevens,HartCrane,andRobertFrost.HeisalsocreditedwithinfluencingthephilosophiesofJohnDewey,GeorgeSantayana,FriedrichNietzsche,andWilliamJames.
MuchofhisspiritualinsightcomesfromhisreadingsinEasternreligion,especiallyHinduism(印度教),Confucianism（儒家思想，儒教）,andIslamicSufism（伊斯兰教的苏菲派）(即Islamicmysticism神秘主义).HebelievedthatallthingsareconnectedtoGodand,therefore,allthingsaredivine
EpigrambyEmersonThefirstwealthishealth.健康是人生第一财富。Agreatmanisalwayswillingtobelittle.伟大的人物总是愿意当小人物的。Self-trustisthefirstsecretofsuccess.自信乃成功之第一秘诀。Progressistheactivityoftodayandtheassuranceoftomorrow.进步是今天的活动，明天的保证。EverymanImeetissuperiorinsomeway.Inthat,Ilearnofhim.人皆有胜我之处，此处当为我所学。Noonecancheatyououtofultimatesuccessbutyourselves.除了你自己以外，没有人能哄骗你离开最后的成功。
conclusion爱默生一生的著作，他的人本思想，他的自立主张，他的民权观念，对美国人民影响至深。终其一生，爱默生没有致力于任何理论体系的建设，他只注重人的心灵。但他也并没有脱离现实，如他自己所说：“一个完人是那生活在人群中间而又能极其和蔼可亲地保持寂寞的独立的人。”爱默生的作品让我们认识到另一个美国，一个远离金钱物欲、沉静自然的美国。如果你相信爱默生说的，你就会从一个流浪者，成为一个幸福的自然之子。拉尔夫·爱默生，永恒的思想独立之父。时至今日，他的沉思，仍然散发着无可比拟的永恒而馨香的气息。
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