虹口区2021学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷2021.12考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。I.Listening30
ComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Motherandson.D.Employerandemployee.2.A.Sheisnotfeelingverywelltoday.B.Shethinksthattheweatherispleasant.C.Shehasbeenstayingupquitelaterecently.D.Shehasbeenworkinghardfortoolongatime.3.A.Lucyisnothappywiththebanonpetanimals.B.Lucymightaswellsendherdogtoherrelative.C.Lucywon’tbeabletokeepadoginthebuilding.30
B.Lucyshouldgetridofherpetassoonaspossible.2.A.Heislikelytohelp.B.Hehasalreadyaskedforhelp.C.Hewasthelastonetousethecomputer.D.Hedoesnotknowalotaboutcomputers.3.A.Hewillcontinuetoworkinthegardenhimself.B.Theyshouldfinishtheworkassoonaspossible.C.Heistiredofdoinggardeningonweekends.D.Theycanhireagardenertodothework.4.A.Theywillraisetheissueintheirpresentation.B.Theywillfindmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.C.Theywillmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.D.Theywillputmoreeffortsintopreparingforthepresentation.5.A.Hedidnottakethesymptomsofhisillnessseriously.B.Hewasnotawareofhisillnessuntildiagnosedwithit.C.Heisanxioustofindacureforhishighbloodpressure.D.Hedoesn’tthinkhighbloodpressureisaproblemforhim.6.A.Dr.Johnsonmaynotbeagoodchoice.B.Dr.Johnson’swaitingroomisnottidy.C.Dr.Johnsonenjoysreadingmagazines.D.Dr.Johnsonisreallyagooddentist.7.A.Itisn’tagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.B.TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.C.Itisn’tinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.D.SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.8.A.Hehasbeenbumpingalongforhours.B.Heistrappedinaterribletrafficjam.C.Heisinvolvedinaseriousaccident.D.Hehasgotasharppainintheneck.SectionB30
Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.1.A.Realartistworksinthepast.B.Popularityofsecondhandbooks.C.Arealbargaininlocalbookstores.D.Anewfashionaboutsecondhandgoods.2.A.Theymadefurniturenotformakingmoney.B.Theysellsecondhandjewelsaswellasfurniture.C.Theywereseriousaboutmakingfurnitureforfashion.D.Theydevotedthemselvestocreatingrealartisticworks.3.A.Peopleappreciatetherealcraftsoftheoldcraftsmen.B.Secondhandgoodsareusuallygoodyetnotexpensive.C.Secondhandstoreswillbecomelessandlessinthefuture.D.Secondhandgoodsaremorevaluablethanapartmenthouses.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.4.A.Acharacterinapopularanimation.B.Acutting-edgeappindigital30
games.B.Ateachingtoolunderdevelopment.C.Atutorforcomputersciencestudents.2.A.Theyencouragethemtogiveimmediatefeedback.B.Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.C.Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.D.Theymotivatethemtothinkindependently.3.A.Theirsenseofresponsibility.B.Theiremotionalinvolvement.C.Thelearningstrategyacquired.D.Theteachingexperiencegained.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.4.A.Theyarebothworriedaboutthenegativeimpactoftechnology.B.Theydiffergreatlyintheirknowledgeofmoderntechnology.C.TheydisagreeaboutthefutureofAItechnology.D.TheyworkindifferentfieldsofAItechnology.5.A.Stimulatingandmotivating.B.SimplywritingAIsoftware.C.Moredemandingandrequiringspecialtraining.D.Lesstime-consumingandfocusingoncreation.6.A.Therecouldbejobsnobodywantstodo.B.Digitallifecouldreplacehumancivilization.C.Humanswouldbetiredofcommunicatingwithoneanother.D.Oldpeoplewouldbetakencareofsolelybyunfeelingrobots.7.A.Itwillbesmarterthanhumanbeings.30
B.Chipswillbeinsertedinhumanbrains.C.Itwilltakeawayhumans’jobsaltogether.D.Lifewillbecomelikeasciencefictionfilm.II.GrammarandVocabulary30
SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SomethingtoBoastaboutAreyourinformationdatasafeandreliable?Inanidealworldsuchdata,howeverinformativeandexploratorytheyare,(21)ascientificstudyisbasedonshouldbe,ifnotpubliclyavailable,thenatleastavailabletootherresearchers.Sadly,thisisnotalwaysthecase.Manyscientistsarestillquiteunwillingtohavetheirdatarevealedthoughattitudesarechanging.Thisattitude,(22)selfish,isunderstandable.Butsometimesitcancoveradarkersecret.Thestatisticspresentedinapapermayhavebeencontrolledtoachieveadesiredresult.Theauthormay,inotherwords,havecheated.Ifhereleasesthedata,thatcheatingwillbeobvious.NowSeanWilnerandhiscolleagues(23)(come)upwithawayofreconstructingallthepossibledatasetsthatcouldhavegivenrisetothatresult,whichincludes(24)(release)thedata.AndtheycallthewayCORVIDS(CompleteRecoveryofValuesinDiophantineSystems).(25)(simplify)thetaskofspottingabnormaldata,CORVIDSturnsthepossibledatasetsintoathree-dimensional(三维的)chart.Thismakesanyunusualpatternsapparent.Forexample,every(26)(reconstruct)datasetmaybemissingvaluesatoneendofthescale.Thatmightmakesenseoccasionally.Generally,though,suchagapwouldbearedflag.Itwouldsuggesteitherthatthestatisticswerereportedincorrectlyor(27)therewereproblemswiththefundamentaldata.CORVIDSislikelytobe(28)immediatevaluetoeditorsandreviewersatacademicjournals,whowillbeabletospotproblemswithpapersearly,andsodiscussthemwiththeauthors.Ifanunresolvableproblem(29)showup,thenthetechniquecanbeappliedtopreviousworkbytheauthorinquestion,toseeifanythingsystematicisgoingon.30
Butitsspeedmakesitausefulfirststep.Ifthedatasets(30)findsdonotshowanystrangepatterns,CORVIDSisunlikelytoshowoddness,either.Anyway,thetrustworthinessofscientificpaperswilltakeastepupwithCORVIDS.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.genuinelyB.pocketC.mass-producedD.seeminglyE.inspirationF.familiarizeG.groupH.encounterI.customaryJ.symbolicK.motivationADeeperMeaningbehindSouvenirs“Nobodysitsusdownandtellsustocollectobjectswhenwe’reyoung,”writesRolfPotts,“it’sjustsomethingwedo,asawayto31ourselveswiththeworld,itspossibilities,andourplaceinit.”Fewofuswouldcallourselvescollectors,butmosttravelers32aseashellfromavacation,orbringakeychain.AsMr.Pottsnotesinabookcalled“Souvenir,”thereismoretothis33simplepracticethanmeetstheeye.Foronething,itcandatebacktotheoldestdescribedjourneys,soit’sa34practicethatgoesbackthousandsofyears.Andacademicresearchershaveclassifiedsouvenirs--even35itemslike“ILoveNewYork”T-shirtsandplasticminiaturesofMichelangelo’sDavid--intovariouscategories,likelyunknowntomanytravelers.Whichcategoriesdothethingswe’veboughtorfoundinourtravelsfallinto?Further,what’s36behindourneedtobringhomesouvenirs?Overtime,intellectualcuriositybecamethedriving37forpersonaltravel.Yetevenastravelersbegancollectinghistoricalandscientificsouvenirs,notjustreligiousitems,thethingstheybroughthomestoodforfeelingsforholyobjects.30
Scholars38thesesouvenirsintodifferentbuckets,including“markers”(locationbrandeditemslikeT-shirtsandteacups),“pictorialimages”(postcardsandposters),and“39landmarks”(forexample,StatueofLibertykeychains),withthelattertwocategoriessymbolizing,thoughnotexclusiveto,masstourism.Intheend,“Souvenir”suggeststhatitsmeaningisnotfixedbecauseitsimportancetotheownercanchangeovertimeandthatitssignificanceiscloselyrelatedtothetraveler’sidentity.Mr.Pottshimselfhashadplentyofsouvenirs,thingsthatremindhimnotmerelyoftheplaceshe’sbeenandtheextraordinary40betweenhimandlocalpeople,butofformerlifephases.“Whenwecollectsouvenirs,”hewrites,“wedosonottoevaluatetheworld,buttotelltheself.”I.Reading30
ComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchershavefoundthaturbanheatislandeffectmadeworsebysunbakedroadscanberelievedbyasimplemeasure:Paintthestreetsgray.AstudybyArizonaStateUniversityfoundthat41areflective,gray-coloredmaterialtoblackasphalt（柏油）resultedina10.5-to-12-degreeFahrenheitdropinaverageroadsurfacetemperatures.Meanwhile,sunrisetemperatures42anaverage2.4-degreedrop.“Thisisexactlywhatwewerehopingfor,”PhoenixMayorKateGallegosaid.“It’sexcitingtoseeatechnologythathasthepotentialtomeetthedemandsofagrowingdesertcityinaworldwheretemperaturesare43rising.”ExpertssayroadtemperaturesinthePhoenixareacanriseto180degreesonahotday.That44energyremainsinpavedsurfacesforhours,radiatingheatbackintonighttimeair.Higherovernighttemperaturesresultinwarmermornings,creatinga45ofurbanheatisland30
effect.Researchersfoundaswellthatthegreatesttemperature46wasneartheroadsurface,withlessdramaticresults6feetabovetheground.Evenso,theneighborhoodswithstreetsreflectinglightexperiencedairtemperatures0.3-to-0.5degreecoolercomparedwithneighborhoodswith47roads.Butreflectivepavementsdon’taffectallsurfacesthesameway.Researcherssaidthat“themostmeaningfulmeasurement”wasofradianttemperatures,ameasureofhowthebody48heat.Thosemeasurementsshowedthatthe“humanexperienceofheat49atnoonandtheafternoonhourswashigherduetosurfacereflectivity.”It’sbeennotedthattheincreasein50temperatures“maybeanecessarytrade-off（妥协）toreducesurfacetemperaturesusingareflectivesurface.”HeatherMurphy,aspokespersonfortheTransportationDepartment,saidtheresponsehasbeen51fromdriversandresidentsinneighborhoodswherethematerialisapplied.“Wehavehadsomepeoplewhodon’tlikethelookofit,butgenerallytheresponsehasbeenvery52”.Still,officialscautionedthatreflectivepavementisnotaremedyfortheurbanheatislandeffect.“Ifyou’restandingoverthesesurfacesonahotday,53,you’restillgoingtobehotifyou’renotintheshade,”saidJenniferVanos,anassistantprofessoratArizonaStateUniversity.“Soifwereallywantto54truesolutions,it’snotgoingtobejustpaintingallthestreetsgray.”Asecondphaseofthestudywillexaminequestionsabouthowthematerialperformsunderdifferent55,includingchangesinreflectivity,degradationandsubsurfacetemperatureoverlongerperiods.41.A.applyingB.stickingC.approachingD.contributing42.A.occurredB.provedC.turnedD.saw43.A.efficientlyB.constantlyC.technicallyD.specifically30
44.A.generatedB.heatedC.absorbedD.calculated45.A.cycleB.declineC.sampleD.variety46.A.balanceB.controlC.differenceD.equality47.A.gray-paintedB.light-coloredC.black-toppedD.dry-surfaced48.A.reflectsB.transmitsC.resistsD.experiences49.A.extentB.exposureC.absorptionD.endurance50.A.feltB.heatedC.storedD.needed51.A.instantB.all-sidedC.objectiveD.mixed52.A.optimisticB.positiveC.pessimisticD.obvious53.A.infactB.asaresultC.ontheotherhandD.foronething54.A.putdownB.holdupC.pushtowardD.takeback55.A.variationsB.conditionsC.circulationsD.investigationsSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)AllMissPricehadbeentoldaboutthenewboywasthathe’dspentmostofhislifeinsomekindoforphanage,andthatthegray-haired“auntanduncle”withwhomhenowlivedwerereallyfosterparents(养父母),paidbytheWelfareDepartmentoftheCityofNewYork.Alessdevotedteachermighthavepressedformoredetails,butMissPricewascontentwiththeroughoutline.Itwasenoughtofillherwithasenseofmissionthatshonefromhereyes,fromthefirstmorninghejoinedthefourthgrade.Hearrivedearlyandsatinthebackrow,hisbackboneverystraight,hisanklescrossedpreciselyunderthedeskandhishandsfoldedonthecenterofitstop,andwhiletheotherchildrenwerefillingin,hereceivedalong,expressionlessstarefromeachofthem.“Wehaveanewclassmatethismorning,”MissPricesaid,“HisnameisVincentSabella,andhecomesfromNewYorkCity.Iknowwe’llalldoourbesttomakehimfeelathome.”30
Thistimetheyallswungaroundtostareatonce,whichcausedhimtoduckhisheadslightlyandshifthisweightfromonesidetotheother.Ordinarily,thefactofsomeone’scomingfromNewYorkmighthaveheldacertainstatus,fortomostofthechildrenthecitywasafrightening,adultplacethatswalloweduptheirfatherseveryday.ButanyonecouldseeataglancethatVincentSabellahadnothingtodowithit.Evenifyoucouldignorehistwistedblackhairandgrayskin,hisclotheswouldhavegivenhimaway:ridiculouslynewpants,ridiculouslyoldsportsshoesandayellowsweatshirt,muchtoosmall,withthefadedremainsofaMickeyMousedesignstampedonitschest.Thegirlsdecidedthathewasn’tveryniceandturnedaway,buttheboysremainedintheirinspection,lookinghimupanddownwithfaintsmiles.Thiswasthekindofkidtheywereaccustomedtothinkingofas“tough,”thekindwhosestarehasmadeallofthemuncomfortableatonetimeoranotherinunfamiliarneighborhoods;herewasauniquechanceforrevenge.56.WhatcanyoulearnaboutMissPriceandVincentfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.SincenobodyhadeverseenVincent’sparents,henowlivedallbyhimself.B.MissPriceknewVincentsowellthatshe’dliketofocuseverybitofattentiononhim.C.MissPricedidn’tknowmuchaboutVincent,butthatdidn’tstopherwantingtocareabouthim.D.Vincentsatinthebackrowsoasnottoarouseanyunnecessaryattentioncausedbyhislatearrival.57.Whydoestheauthormention“NewYork”inthethirdandthefourthparagraphs?A.ToillustrateVincent’sdistantorigin.B.Todemonstratechildren’sdesiretogotoseetheirfathers.C.ToemphasizeVincent’slowsocialstatusfromhisshabbyclothes.D.TostateacertaindistinctionbetweenVincentandpeople’simagination.58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeVincent?A.Devotedbutshy.B.Nervousanduneasy.C.Untalkativeandtough.D.Sensitivebutunfortunate.59.WhatcanyouinferfromthetextaboutVincent’snewclassmates?A.Theywereeitherunconcernedorunfriendlytowardhim.B.TheyusedtoconsiderpeoplelikeVincenttobeverytough.30
A.Theybarelynoticedthenewboysittinginthebackoftheclassroom.B.Theywereverycuriousaboutthenewcomerinakindandconsideratemanner.(B)HARRYPOTTERANDTHEFORBIDDENJOURNEYUniversalStudioResortMakeyourwaythroughtheclassroomsandcorridorsofHogwarts.ThenrocketabovethecastlegroundsonagroundbreakingnewridethatletsyoujoinHarryPotterandhisfriendsonanunforgettablythrillingadventure.Ourgoalistoensurethateveryoneisabletomakewellinformeddecisionsabouttheirabilitytosafely,comfortably,andconvenientlyexperienceeachofourattractions.1.CAUTION:Thisrideimitatesdramaticaerobaticsandincludessuddenacceleration,stopping,turning,climbing,anddropping.Failuretofollowpostedguidelinesmayresultinseriousinjuryorexpulsion(驱逐)fromthepark.lAttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithahistoryofheartconditionsorabnormalbloodpressure.lAttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithback,neck,orsimilarphysicalconditions.lExpectantmothersarenotallowedonthisattraction.lAttractionisnotrecommendedforGuestseasilyinfluencedtomotionsicknessordizziness.lAttractionisnotrecommendedforGuestswhohavefearofenclosedspaces.lAttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithrecentsurgeryorotherconditionsthatmaybeworsenedbythisride.lProstheticlimbs(义肢)mustbesecuredtopreventhazardsorlossduetorideforces.Pleaseseeanattendantforassistance.lGuestsunder122cmmaynotride.lWeightnottoexceed136kg.lThisattractioncannotaccommodateguidedogs.Aportablepetcageisavailableuponrequest.2.TOAVOIDSERIOUSINJURY:lRemainseatedwithyourheadfirmlyagainsttheheadrest.30
lKeephandsandfeetinsidethevehicle.lHoldontoshoulderrestraintsatalltimes.lNoPhotographyorVideoRecording.lMaximumcapacity4persons.lKeepsafelyallloosearticles(phones,hats,glasses,video-recordingequipment,cameras,wallets,keys,etc.)inthelockersprovidedorleavewithanon-rider.lNoeating,drinking,orsmoking.60.Inthepassage,theunderlinedwordaerobaticsisclosestinmeaningto“.”A.violentmovementsB.plungingactivitiesC.increasingridesD.rapidactions61.Whatisaproperbehaviorduringridesaccordingtothegiveninformation?A.Guestsmustkeepcamerasinsidetheirpocketsorbags.B.Childrenwhoareunderacertainagearenotallowedonthisride.C.Peoplewithprostheticlimbsshouldremovethembeforetheridesoasnottolosethem.D.Peoplewithvisualsicknessneedtokeeptheirguidedogswiththemallthewaythroughtheride.62.WherewouldthispagemostprobablybefoundontheUniversalStudiohomepage?A.GuestServicesB.AboutUsC.ThingstoDoD.PlanYourVisit(C)Fewerthan400NorthAtlanticrightwhalesremaininthewild,andnoteven100ofthemarebreedingfemales.Theirbiggestsurvivalthreatsareboatstrikesandgettingcaughtinfishinggear.Protectingthesewhales,suchasbyturningboatsfromdangerousencounters,requirespositioningthemmorereliably--andnewtechnology,describedintheJournaloftheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica,couldhelpmakethatpossible.Tolistenformarinelife,researchersofteninstallunderwatermicrophonescalledhydrophonesonbuoys(浮标)androboticgliders(滑翔机).Therecordedaudioischangedintospectrograms--visualrepresentationsofsoundusedtopreciselyrecognize,forinstance,specificwhalespecies’calls.Butthosedistinctivesoundsareoftendrownedoutbyothernoise.Inrecentyearsresearchers30
haveusedamachine-learningtechniquecalleddeeplearningtoautomatethisanalysis,butbackgroundsoundsstillblockreliability.Nowresearchershavetrainedtwodeep-learningmodelsspecificallytocutthroughthenoise.Theystartedbygivingthemodelsthousandsof“clean”spectrogramswithonlyNorthAtlanticrightwhalecalls.Thentheyslowlyaddedinthousandsofspectrogramsmixedwithtypicalbackgroundsounds,suchastankerengines.Theprogramcansuccessfullyturnnoisyspectrogramsintocleanones,reducingfalsealarmsandhelpingspotwhalesbeforetheyreachdangerousareas,thescientistssay.ShyamMadhusudhana,aCornellUniversitydataengineer,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,sayshewouldwanttoseeifsuchmodelscouldbeusedtolocateothermarinemammals(哺乳动物),too.“Humpbackwhalesanddolphinshavemuchmorecomplexspeechpathwaysthantherightwhale,”henotes.AndUniversityofEastAngliamachine-learningresearcherBenMilner,oneofthestudy’sauthors,wantstotakethistechnologyabovewateraswell--toUkrainianforests,wherehehopestoidentifyanimalsnearthesiteofthe1986Chernobyldisaster.UniversityofSt.AndrewsbehavioralecologistPeterTyack,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysthisnewsystemshouldbeusedtofigureoutwherewhalesarethroughouttheyear,sothattheseareascanbeprotected.“Intermsofestimatingthedensityandthenumberofthesewhalesinplaceswhereit’shardtoseethem,”Petersays,“thistechnologycouldbefantastic.”Buthewarnsthatitshouldnotbetheonlyapproachtopreventingshipstrikes.Inhiswork,TyackhasfoundthatNorthAtlanticrightwhalescanbesilentforhoursatatime--sopassivesoundmonitoringcouldeasilymissone.Andkillingjustafew,headds,“couldleadtoextinctionofthepopulation.”60.WhatdoesthenewtechnologydotohelpprotecttheNorthAtlanticrightwhales?A.Locatingtherightwhalesprecisely.B.Turningboatstoencountertherightwhales.C.Guidingtherightwhalesawayfromfishingboats.D.Positioningfishingboatsreliablyandthusdeadlystrikes.30
60.Whatisamajorcontributionofdeep-learningmodelstoreducingbackgroundnoises?A.Theyturnoffthenearbyalarmsthatmaycreatebackgroundnoises.B.Theycaneliminatedisturbancesshownonaspectrogramsheet.C.Theyaddthousandsofmixedsoundssuchasvehicleengines.D.Theycanpreventwhalesfromreachingdangerousareas.61.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.A.ShyamandBenarebothscientistsatdifferentuniversitieswhoknoweachotherwellB.allofthethreescientistsconsidertheextendeduseofthetechnologycouldfacechallengesC.ShyamandBenbothhopethatthedeeplearningmodelcangobeyonditscurrentapplicationD.Peterthinksthetechnologyshouldhavebeenusedtofigureoutwhereit’shardtoseethewhales62.Whichoneofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.LatestTechsonMarineLifesavingB.SavetheRightWhalebyNoise-cuttingC.SeeWhales’NoisethroughHuman’sEyesD.Non-professionalScientists’RoleinSavingWhalesSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Type2isfarmorecommon,accountingformorethan90%ofcasesworldwide.B.However,urbanresidentsarebecomingmorewillingtoexercise,withgymsandyogaclassesontherise.C.Chinahasanestimated116milliondiabetics,byfarthehighestnumberofanycountry.D.About11%ofChineseadultsnowhavethecondition,nearlytheproportioninAmericaandtwicethelevelinBritain.E.Theothertype,thoughmorecommonlydiagnosed,isnotrelativelydangerous.F.Cityinhabitantstendtobelessphysicallyactivethanpeopleinruralareas.AsChinaPutsonWeight,Type-2Diabetes(糖尿病)IsRapidlyRising30
Morethan30yearsago,doctorsinthenortherncityofDaqingbeganapioneeringlong-termstudyintothepreventionoftype-2diabetes,adiseasewhichwasthenthoughttoaffectabout1%ofChinese.Whendoctors,academicsandofficialsgatheredtherethisautumntodiscusstheconclusionsandpromotepreventionwork,theyfacedaverydifferentreality.67Type-2diabetesisbecomingmorecommonglobally,butinrecentyearstherateofthediseasehasbeengrowingfastestinChina.Diabetesisadisfunctioninthebody’sregulationofblood-sugarlevels.Type1israreandusuallyshowsupearlyinlife,causedbyfactorsthatarenotyetwellunderstood.Itcankillswiftlyunlessmanagedwithdailyinjectionsofinsulin(胰岛素).68Ittendstodevelopinadults,especiallyiftheyareoverweightordonotexercisemuch.Itcanusuallybecontrolledwithpillsandlifestylechanges,andcansometimesbereversed.Bothtypes,ifnotwell-treated,cancausecomplicationssuchasorgandamage,blindness,strokesandheartattacks.69Twentyyearsago,ithadfewerthan25million.Thedramaticincrease,almostentirelyinvolvingtype2s,worriesthegovernment.ThestudyinDaqingshowedhowlifestylechangescanpreventtype2amongpeoplewithdamagedglucosetolerance(糖耐量),whichissometimesastartofthecondition.Thecountry’shealth-caresystemistryingtoensuresymptomsaredetected,andhelppeoplewiththem.Abigreasonfortheincreaseisthataspeoplegetricher,theyoftenconsumemoreprocessedfoodsandsugarydrinks.OneinsevenChineseadultsisoverfat,includingaquarterofadultsinBeijing,China’sfattestcity.Theurbanproportionofthepopulationhasgrownfromlessthan20%toabout60%since1980.70Theremaybeageneticlink,too.Researchfindsthatethnic-HanChineseareacquiringtype2diabeteswhileyoungerandthinnerthanCaucasians.Smokingisanotherfactor.Chinahasone-fifthoftheworld’spopulationbutconsumesone-thirdofitscigarettes,andmostofthedailysmokersaremen.30
I.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.IsStudent-loanForgivenessUnforgivable?Roughly45millionAmericanscurrentlyhold$1.6trillioninstudentdebt,withtheaveragestudent-loanreceiverowingbetween$20,000and$25,000,accordingtotheFederalReserve.Amongthoseactivelymakingpaymentsontheirdebt,theaveragemonthlyinstallmentisbetween$200and$300.Andwith5.3millionmorepeopleunemployedthaninFebruary,rightbeforetheU.S.fellintotheeconomicdepressioncausedbypandemic(流行病),somepeoplesaythatstudent-debtforgivenesscouldbebeneficialtotheeconomy.“Student-debtcancellationfeelslikeoneofthemostaccessibleexecutiveactionstostimulatetheeconomyatthemoment,”saysSuzanneKahn,directoroftheEducation.KahnsaysthemovewouldalsohelpclosethewealthgapbetweenwhiteAmericansandpeopleofcolor.Some90%ofBlackstudentsand72%ofLatinostudentstakeoutloansforcollegeversusjust66%ofwhitestudents,accordingtoananalysisfromtheConsumerFinancialProtectionBureau.Butothersarguethatsweepingstudent-loanforgivenessdoesn’thelpthepeoplewhoneedaidmost.Americanswithcollegedegrees,asawhole,havebeenlessinfluencedbytheeconomiceffectsofCOVID-19thantheirnon-college-educatedcounterparts.Besides,theyraiseconcernsthatifthegovernmentwipesoutcurrentstudentloans,futurecollegestudentsmayhaveamotivatortotakeondebts,hopingtheywillalsobeforgiven.Collegesmayinturntendtoraisetheirpricesfurther.What’sclear,accordingtothebothsidesoftheaisle(过道),isthateconomiccrisesworsentheproblemofstudentdebt.ThelasttimetheU.S.dippedintoarecession,stategovernmentscuttheirinvestmentsincollegesanduniversities—which,inturn,raisedtheirtuitionpricesandforcedstudentstotakeoneverlargerloans.Inrecentweeks,thegovernmenthaswalkedafinelineontheissue,offeringsupport30
forabillcallingfor$10,000worthofstudent-loanforgivenessbutturningdownanythingclosetoaplantoissue$50,000perborrowerthroughexecutiveaction.That’snotsustainableinthelongrun.Itremainstobeseenifthegovernmentcanarriveatapoliticalsolutionthatis.I.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72．秋高气爽，到郊野公园去远足是多么令人心驰神往啊！(it)73.做任何事情只要我们坚持不懈，最终定然会收获满满。(persevere)74.原生态的田园乡村正越来越成为在大城市打拼前程的年轻人抚慰焦虑和紧张的“诗和远方”。(strive)75.尽管疑点重重，但他缜密分析，不放过任何蛛丝马迹，终于令这起社会广泛关注的盗窃案的真相大白于天下。(which)II.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假定你是明启中学的学生李华，你校交换生Allen打算在圣诞节为他的父母各送一件具有典型中国文化特色的礼物。他初步选出了四件礼物：旗袍(cheongsam)、紫砂茶具(purpleclayteaset)、丝绸围巾(silkscarf)、书画折扇(calligraphyandpaintingfoldingfan)，现在发邮件向你咨询。请你给他写封邮件，谈谈你的意见。内容包括：1.为他父母分别推荐的一件礼物；2.推荐这两件礼物的理由；3.对Allen父母的问候。注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级和学校等真实信息。参考答案听力部分：1-10CDCDACBAAB11-20DDACBBCDBA30
语法部分：21.as22.though/although23.havecome24.releasing25.Tosimplify26.reconstructed27.that28.of29.does30.it词汇部分：31.F32.B33.D34.I35.C36.A37.K38.G39.J40.H完型填空：41-45:ADBCA46-50:CCDBA51-55:DBACB阅读理解：56-59:CDBA60-62:ABC63-66:ABCB选句填空：67-70:DACF概要写作：Withtheproblemofstudentloanworsenedbypandemic-inducedrecession,peopleholddiverseattitudestowardsstudent-debtforgiveness.Someargueitservestostimulateeconomyandbridgethewealthgapwhileothersmaintainitcan’thelpthosemostinneedandshowtheconcernaboutsettingtheprecedent.Despitetheeffortsmadebythegovernment,asustainablesolutionhasn’tbeenreached.评分建议Withtheproblemofstudentloanworsenedbypandemic-inducedrecession,peopleholddiverseattitudestowardsstudent-debtforgiveness.(2分)Someargueitservestostimulateeconomyandbridgethewealthgap(1分)whileothersmaintainitcan’thelpthosemostinneedandshowtheconcernaboutsettingtheprecedent.(1分).Despitetheeffortsmadebythegovernment,asustainablesolutionhasn’tbeenreached.(1)翻译部分：1.Howfascinating/Whatafascinatingthingitistogohikinginthecountryparkin(the)clearandfreshautumn(weather)!2.Aslongaswepersevereindoinganything/whateverwedo,wearesure/certainto/wewillcertainlyget/gatherafull/goodharvest/harvestfully/well/gainaloteventually/intheend.3.Theoriginalcountrysideisincreasinglybecomingpoetryanddreamland/poetryanddistantfield/poemsanddreams/poemsanddistantlandsforyoungpeople(whoare)strivinghardforthe/theirfutureinbigcities/metropolisestocomforttheiranxietyandtension.30
1.Although/Though/Whilethereweremanydoubts/Despite/Inspiteofmanydoubts,hecarefullyanalyzed/madecarefulanalyses,anddidnotletgoof/missanyclues,whichmadethetruthofthetheftarousing/causing/thathasaroused/causedwidespreadsocialconcern/widespreadconcerninsocietyknowntoall/allthepeople/thewholenation.作文：略听力材料I.Listening30
ComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.W:Joe,whatareyoudoingonyourcomputer?Don’tyourememberyourpromise?M:Thisisnotagame.It’sonlyacrosswordpuzzlethathelpsincreasemyvocabulary.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?2.M:Youlookwornout.Areyoufeelingundertheweather?W:Notatall.ButIhavebeeninthechemistrylabforfivehours.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?3.W:Lucyisgoingtogetalittledogfromoneofherrelatives.M:Really？ButIhearherapartmentisabout30
toplaceabanonpetanimals.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?1.W:IthoughtPaulmightbeabletohelpmefigureoutthecomputerprogram.M:PaulisaboutthelastpersonI’daskifIwereyou.Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutPaul?2.W:Ihonestlydon’twanttocontinuethegardeningtomorrow.M:NeitherdoI.ButIthinkIshouldgetitoverwithinthisweekend.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.W:Idon’tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation,butwehavetogiveittomorrow.Theredoesn’tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.M:Yeah,atthispointwe’llhavetomakedowithwhatwe’vegot.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?4.W:Howdidyoufeelwhenyoufoundoutyouhadhighbloodpressure?M:Shocked!Theproblemformewasthattherewerenosymptoms.Itseemedtohavestruckmesuddenly.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?5.M:Ineedtofindadentist.YousaidyouknowDr.Johnsonwell.Doyourecommendhim?W:Well,Ihaveseenhimafewtimes,butwhatimpressedmemostwerethemagazinesinhiswaitingroom.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?6.M:IthinkI’llgetoneofthosenewT-shirts,youknow,withtheschool’slogoonboththefrontandback.W:You’llregretit.Theyareexpensive,andI’veheardtheprintingfadeseasilywhenyouwashthem.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7.M:Carshadlinedupcartocar.AndI’vebeenheldupontheexpresswayforanhour.W:Really?Itmustbeapainintheneck.Butbepatient,anyway.Youcandonothingbutwait.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthe30
man?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Searchingforsecondhandgoodsisnolongerregardedasashamefulthing.Nowadays,manypeopleinShanghaienjoythefunofwanderingaboutthecityintheirsparetimetohuntforsomethingvaluable.Lookingforusedgoodshasbecomeafashion.Inthepast,craftsmenwereseriousaboutmakingfurniture.Sincetheywerenotkeenonseekingwealth,theycouldsettledowntomakerealartisticworks.Nowonderpeoplenowadayslovetheirproducts.Insidersestimatethatthereareatleast50to60storesinShanghaithatsellusedgoods.Apartfromfurniturestores,businessofstoresthatsellsecondhandjewelsboomsaswell.Recently,bookstoresthatsellsecondhandbookshavereappearedinShanghai.SomebooksweremadeduringthelateQingDynastywhileotherbooksduringthe1980s.Peoplefloodintothesebookstorestolookforbooksthataregoodyetnotexpensive.ManyShanghainese,afterspendingbigmoneyforanexpensiveapartmenthouse,liketodecoratetheirnewhousesinanoldstyle.Thesehousesmightappearmodernfromtheoutside,butonceyouwalkin,youwillfindthatitisfullofoldthingswithastrongatmosphererelatingtothepast.(Nowlistenagain,please.)30
Questions:1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthecraftsmeninthepast?3.Whatmightbeareasonwhypeoplehuntforsecondhandgoods?Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerial,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswhoarelearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?Oneansweristhattheycantutoryoungerkids.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithanewwaytoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Thecutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe“teachableagent”—acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.ComputerscientistshavecreatedananimatedfigurecalledBetty’sBrain,whohasbeen“taught”aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors’learning.Theagents’questionsobligestudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveall,it’stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyobtainprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse’saccomplishment.(Nowlistenagain,please.)Questions:30
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Whatmuststudenttutorsdototeachtheirteachableagents?3.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors’learning?Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.W:Howdoyoufeelaboutthefutureoftheartificialintelligence?Personally,Ifeelquiteoptimisticaboutit.M:AI?I’mnotsooptimisticactually.Infact,it’ssomethingweshouldbeconcernedabout.W:Well,itwillhelpushumansunderstandourselvesbetter.Andwhenwehaveabetterunderstandingofourselves,wecanimprovetheworld.M:Well,onethingisforsure,technologyisevolvingfasterthanourabilitytounderstandit.AndinthefutureAIwillmakejobskindofmeaningless.W:Ithinkartificialintelligencewillactuallyhelpcreatenewkindsofjobs,whichwouldrequirelessofourtimeandallowustofocusoncreativetasks.M:Idoubtthatverymuch.ProbablythelastjobthatwillremainwillbewritingAIsoftware.AndtheneventuallyAIwilljustwriteitsownsoftware.W:Atthattimewearegoingtohavealotofjobs,whichnobodywillwanttodo.Sowewillneedartificialintelligencefortherobotstotakecareoftheoldguyslikeus.M:Idon’tknow.There’sariskthathumancivilizationcouldbereplacedbyasuperiortypeofdigitallife.AIwillbeabletocompletelyimitateapersonineverywaypossible.Infact,somepeoplethinkwe’reinanimitationrightnow.W:That’simpossible.Humanscan’tevenmakeamosquito.Computersonlyhavechips.Peoplehavebrains.Andthat’swherethewisdomcomesfrom.M:Onceit’sfullydeveloped,AIwillbecometiredoftryingtocommunicatewithhumansaswewouldbemuchslowerthinkersincomparison.W:Well,I’mnotsosure.Acomputerisacomputerandacomputerisjustatoy.M:Computerscaneasilycommunicateincrediblyfast.Sothecomputerwilljustgetimpatienttalkingtohumans,andit’llbebarelygettinganyinformationout.30
W:Well,Ibelievethere’sabrightfuturewithAI.Ialsothinkyouwatchtoomanyscience-fictionfilms.(Nowlisten30
again,please.)30
Questions:1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?2.Whatwillnewkindsofjobsbelikeaccordingtothewoman?3.Whatistheriskthemanpredicts?4.Whatistheman’sconcernaboutAItechnology?（That’stheendoflistening.听力部分到此结束，请同学们继续答题。）30
