南通市2022年上学期高三英语开学检测试题答案2022.08.13第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)第一节 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1.—Doyouthinktheweatherwillbefinethisspring?—No,wearefortunate.Theweathermanforecaststherewillbeseveralsandstorms.A.ifB.asC.thoughD.unless【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：——你认为今年春天天气会好吗？——不，除非我们很幸运，否则的话今年春天不会有好天气。天气预报员预测将有几场沙尘暴。A.if如果；B.as正如；C.though虽然；D.unless除非。此处为条件状语从句，根据句意，表示“除非”应用unless。故选D。2.Newtonisshownasagiftedscientistwitheveryhumanweaknessstoodatthepointinhistorymagicendedandsciencebegan.A.who;whereB.which;whereC.who;whenD.which;that【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：牛顿被证明是一位天才科学家，有着人类的种种弱点，他站在了历史上魔术结束、科学开始的时刻。分析句子可知，两个设空处都引导定语从句；第一空处关系词代替先行词Newton在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词who，第二空处关系词代替先行词point在从句中充当地点状语，应用关系副词where，故选A项。3.Nowthatenergypricesarerisingsorapidly,furtherpricesareveryuncertain,andtheriskanewinvestmentdependingonthemmayfailisgreater.A.bywhichB.ofC.thatD.inthat【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：现在能源价格上涨如此之快，进一步的价格是非常不确定的，依赖于能源价格的新投资失败的风险更大。theriskanewinvestmentdependingonthemmayfailisgreater，主句结构是theriskisgreater，therisk后面接了一个同位语从句anewinvestmentdependingonthemmayfail，这里从句主语anewinvestment，从句谓语结构mayfail，dependingonthem是定语修饰investment（相当于定语从句anewinvestmentwhichdependsonthem），同位语从句结构完整，不缺任何意义，用不做任何成分且无意义的that引导。故选C项。4.Hetriedtoavoidmakingmistakes,buttheaddedpressurecausedhimtomakemorethanhisusual .A.sizeB.spaceC.shareD.state【答案】C【解析】20/20\n【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他试图避免犯错误，但压力的增加使他比平时犯了更多的（错误）。A.size尺寸；B.space空间；C.share（参与、得到等的）份；D.state国家、状态。由句意可知，很明显，这里说的是，增加的压力使他犯的错误比平时犯错误的（份）量要多，share符合句意。故选C项。5.—HaveyouheardthathewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversity?—Isthattrue? I’mgladthathiseffortsatlast_______.A.workedoutB.paidoffC.turnedoutD.paidfor【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：—你听说了吗，他已经被北京大学录取了。—真的吗？我很高兴他的努力终于得到了回报。A.workedout解决；B.paidoff得到回报；C.turnedout最后是；D.paidfor支付。前文说被大学录取了，所以这里是努力得到了回报。故选B项。6.Herevisitedhishomevillagelastmonth,andeverythingthere_______hissweetmemoryofhischildhood.A.broughtaboutB.broughtupC.broughtbackD.broughtin【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：上个月他再次回到家乡，那里的一切使他想起了童年的美好回忆。A.broughtabout引起；B.broughtup抚养；C.broughtback使……回忆起来；D.broughtin引进。根据hissweetmemoryofhischildhood.可知这里意思是那里的一切使他想起了童年的美好回忆。故选C。7.He______writingthepapernow.Hehadn’twrittenasinglewordwhenIlefthimtenminutesago.A.shouldn’tbeB.can’thavefinishedC.can’tbeD.mustn’thavefinished【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查推测句。句意：他现在不可能写完了卷子。我十分钟之前留下他时，他还没有写一个字。根据句意可知，此处考查对过去情况的否定推测，其表达为can’thavedone不可能做某事，故选B项。【点睛】本题考查推测句对过去情况的肯定推测是musthavedone对过去情况的否定推测是can’t/couldn’thavedone例如:Thegroundiswet,soitmusthaverainedlastnight.Hecan’thavefinishedhiswork,becauseheplayedbasketballalldayyesterday.8.Ithinkmyfatherwouldliketoknow_______I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.20/20\nA.whichB.whatC.whyD.when【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我想父亲想知道我迄今为止在做什么，因此我决定给他发一个简讯。A.which哪个；B.what什么，指代事物；C.why为什么；D.when何时。分析句子可知可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且指物，意为“什么”，应用连接代词what，故选B项。9.—Howwouldyoulikeyourcoffee?—_______A.It’swelldone.B.Verynice.Thankyou.C.Onecup,that’senough.D.Thestronger,thebetter.【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——你想喝什么样的咖啡？——越浓越好。一方问另一方“想喝什么样的咖啡？”回答肯定是关于咖啡的口味，D项“越浓越好”符合文意。故选D项。10.-----Whyhasn’tJackcomebackyet?_______anythinghavehappenedtohim?-----I’mnotsure,butIguesssomething_______.A.May,musthaveB.Can,mayhaveC.Must,mayD.Should,mighthave【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：——Jack为什么还没有来？可能碰到什么事情了吧？——我不确定，但是我猜可能是发生了一些事情吧。根据句意推断第一个空表示可能性，故选择can,must表示肯定，should表示应该回答是不确定所以排除C和D，第二个空从guess得出指示一种猜测，也表示可能性，排除A，故选B项。11.Atthebadnews,shewassosad_______Ihadtostayherekeepingher_______.A.that;companionB.then;companiesC.that;companyD.and;accompany【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查状语从句和固定搭配。句意：听到这个坏消息，她很伤心，以至于我只好留在这里陪她。此句采用了so…that…（如此……以至于……）结构，that引导的是结果状语从句；固定搭配keepsb.company，意为“陪伴某人/为某人作伴”。故选C项。12.Thoughitis30years_______welastmet,Istillrememberthescene_______wegotseparatedonarainyday.A.before;whereB.before;whichC.since;whenD.since;20/20\nwhere【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。句意：虽然距最后一次见面已经过去了20年，但我仍然记得我们在下雪的那天分别的场景。第一空，Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句，意为“自从……有多久了”，排除A、B；第二空，后文定语从句“wegotseparated...”不缺少成分，定语从句中已经有时间状语，不能再用when，排除C，且上文scene表示“现场，场面，场景”，在此指的是地点，应该用where引导定语从句，故选D。13.Inmyopinion,yourcompositionisnotasinterestingashisbutyoursis_______inwriting.A.thebestorganizedB.betterorganizedC.soorganizedasD.asorganizedas【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：在我看来，你的作文不如他的有趣，但你的作文组织得更好。根据转折连词but可知，设空处所在的句子是对yourcomposition进行赞美，C项和D项为原级比较，是错误的；结合语境，此处将yourcomposition和hiscomposition进行对比，是两者，使用形容词比较级，排除A项。故选B。14.—Couldyoupossiblytellmewhattodowithsuchsortofsituation?—It’snogoodaskingmeallthetime,Anna.You’llhavetolearntothinkyourself.A.ofB.toC.byD.for【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词与其它词类的搭配。句意：——你能告诉我这种情况该怎么办吗?——老是问我没有用，安娜，你得学会自己独立思考。thinkforoneself是一个固定短语，意为：独立思考，故答案为D选项。15.Wehadnofoodleftinourbackpacks,andthingsworse,itbegantopour.A.makingB.tohavemadeC.havingmadeD.tomake【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查插入语。句意：我们的背包里没有吃的了，更糟糕的是，天开始下起大雨来了。由语境可知此处表示“更糟的是”，tomakethingsworse=whatwasworse=worsestill更糟的是。故选D。第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream,whichmeantajob,amortgage(按揭),creditcards,success.Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse,allofus____16____chasingthesamething.Oneyear,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,itallfell___17___.Ifoundmyselfhomeless20/20\nandalone.Ihadmytruckand$56.I___18___thecountrysideforsomeplaceIcouldrentforthe___19___possibleamount.Icameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroad___20___thePotomacRiverinWestVirginia.Itwas___21___,fullofbrokenglassandrubbish.Ifoundtheowner,rentedit,and___22___ acornertocampin.Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme,___23___ slowly,theystartedteachingmethe ___24___ ofbeinganeighbor.Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbegan_____25_____ aroundtochat.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina _____26_____AmericanDream—nottheoneofindividualachievementbutof_____27_____.WhatIhadbelievedin,allthosethingsIthoughtwere_____28_____ foracivilizedlife,werenonexistentinthisplace._____29_____ onthemountain,mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy _____30_____withmyneighbors.Fouryearslater,Imovedbackinto _____31_____.Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime,_____32_____theirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto _____33_____ ahandfulofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI'vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherplaces.We'dallbein_____34_____ifwehadn'tbandedtogether.TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It'snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself;it'sabout _____35_____ wecanallgetbytogether.16.A.separatelyB.equallyC.violentlyD.naturally17.A.offB.apartC.overD.out18.A.crossedB.leftC.touredD.searched19.A.fullestB.largestC.fairestD.cheapest20.A.overB.throughC.atD.round21.A.occupiedB.emptiedC.abandonedD.robbed22.A.turnedB.clearedC.approachedD.cut23.A.forB.althoughC.otherwiseD.but24.A.benefitB.artC.natureD.lesson25.A.swingingB.lookingC.stickingD.turning26A.differentB.realC.wildD.remote27.A.kindnessB.happinessC.friendlinessD.neighborliness28.A.uniqueB.expensiveC.necessaryD.rare29.A.AlongB.DownC.DeepD.Up30.A.cooperationB.satisfactionC.relationshipsD.20/20\nappointments31.A.realityB.townC.societyD.life32.A.creatingB.losingC.offeringD.quitting33.A.putinB.turninC.getinD.takein34.A.yardsB.campsC.sheltersD.cottages35.A.howB.whatC.whetherD.when【答案】16.A17.B18.D19.D20.A21.C22.B23.D24.B25.C26.A27.D28.C29.D30.C31.B32.B33.C34.C35.A【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章围绕主题“美国梦”讲述了作者的心理变化，作者遭遇了一系列的不幸后，在乡村的经历和体验让他对“美国梦”有了不同于以往的更为深刻的理解。【16题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想拥有它，跟其他所有人一样我想实现美国梦并且为此努力工作，我们所有人各自奋斗，目标相同。A.separately各自地，分别地；B.equally平等地；C.violently猛烈地；D.naturally自然地。所有人各自奋斗，目标相同。故选A项。【17题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一年，经历了一系列不愉快的事件，梦想破碎了。A.off离开；B.apart分离；C.over解释；D.out向外。根据“throughaseriesofunhappyevents”可知，作者经历了一系列的不幸之后，梦想破碎了。”fallapart崩溃，破碎。故选B项。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在乡下找了一处可以租到最便宜的房子的地方。A.crossed越过；B.left离开；C.toured旅游；D.searched搜寻。穷困潦倒时，作者只好到乡村找了一个便宜的居所。此处搭配为search...for...“在……搜索……”。故选D项。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在乡下找了一处可以租到最便宜的房子的地方。A.fullest最满的；B.largest最大的；C.fairest最公平的；D.cheapest最便宜的。由“Ihadmytruckand$56.”可知作者已经到了几乎身无分文的地步，带着身上仅由的56美元，作者只能以尽可能便宜的价格租下住所，故选D项。【20题详解】20/20\n考查介词词义辨析。句意：我找到了一座破旧的可以租赁的房子，位于西弗吉尼亚洲的波托马克河对岸，沿着蜿蜒的山路向上四英里处。A.over在……的另一边；B.through通过；C.at在；D.round在……周围。over在此处意为“在……的另一边”。故选A项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这座房子被遗弃了，到处都是玻璃碎片和垃圾。A.occupied占用；B.emptied已清除的；C.abandoned遗弃；D.robbed抢劫。根据“ashabbyhouse”“fullofbrokenglassandrubbish”可知这是一座破旧的房子，到处都是玻璃碎片和垃圾，由此推测这里已被“遗弃”。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：找到房主租下房子后，必须先进行清理之后才能住。A.turned转向；B.cleared清理；C.approached接近；D.cut切。根据上文到处都是玻璃碎片和垃圾以及“tocampin”可知，必须先进行清理之后才能入住。故选B项。【23题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管当地人对我一无所知，但是慢慢地，它们开始教我与邻居们相处的艺术。A.for因为；B.although尽管；C.otherwise否则；D.but但是。分析句意可知前后句意为转折关系。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管当地人对我一无所知，但是慢慢地，它们开始教我与邻居们相处的艺术。A.benefit益处；B.art艺术；C.nature自然；D.lesson课程。根据beinganeighbor可知，它们开始教作者与邻居们相处的艺术。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们开始在此逗留与我聊天。A.swinging使转向；B.looking看；C.sticking粘住；D.turning转向。根据“tochat”可知，邻居们开始在此逗留与作者聊天。stickaround逗留，故选C项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：们开始教我相信一个不同的美国梦不是个人成就而是睦邻友好。A.different不同的；B.real真正的；C.wild野外的；D.remote偏远的。文章第一段讲到了作者起初理解的美国梦是工作、按揭、信用卡和成功，而由空格后的“...nottheoneofindividualachievementbutof...”可知，现在信仰的是一个“不同的”美国梦。故选A项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们开始教我相信一个不同的美国梦不是个人成就而是睦邻友好。A.kindness善良；B.happiness快乐；C.friendliness友谊；D.neighborliness20/20\n睦邻友好。本段前面讲到邻居们教作者做邻居的艺术，给他提供了很多帮助。所以他们开始教作者相信一个不同的美国梦不是个人成就而是睦邻友好。故选D项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我所相信的，那些我认为文明生活所必需的东西，在这个地方是不存在的。A.unique独一无二的；B.expensive昂贵的；C.necessary必要的；D.rare稀少的。根据第一段所描述的美国梦的内容“ajob，amortgage(按揭)，creditcards，success”可知，作者原来认为这些东西是文明生活所必需的。故选C项。【29题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：在这座山上，我最珍贵的财产是我和邻居们的关系。A.Along沿着；B.Down在……之下；C.Deep深的；D.Up在……之上。由第二段中“Icameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroad...”可知房子在山上。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这座山上，我最珍贵的财产是我和邻居们的关系。A.cooperation合作；B.satisfaction满意；C.relationships关系；D.appointments约定。作者最珍贵的财产是我和邻居们的关系。故选C项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：四年后，我搬回了城里。A.reality现实；B.town城镇；C.society社会；D.life生活。根据I____thecountrysideforsomeplace...”及本段的“Fouryearslater，movedbackinto...”。与countryside相对的是town。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到很多人都很艰难，失去了工作和家园。A.creating创造；B.losing丢失；C.offering提供；D.quitting退出。根据“Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime”可知，很多人失去了工作和家园。故选B项。【33题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我设法租了一个足够大的房子能让一些人住进来。A.putin投入；B.turnin上交；C.getin进入，；D.takein吸收。根据“rentabigenoughhouse”可知，租大房子的目的是能让一些人住进来。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不团结在一起，我们就都会流落到住收容所的地步。A.yards院子；B.camps营地；C.shelters避难所；D.cottages笼子。根据“ifwehadn'tbandedtogether.”可知，如果我们不团结在一起，我们就都会流落到住收容所的地步。故选C项。【35题详解】20/20\n考查连接词词义辨析。句意：与其说美国梦在于自己能得到什么，不如说它在于我们所有人如何一起渡过难关。宾语从句缺少表示方式的连接副词，表示不如说它在于我们所有人如何一起渡过难关。故选A项。第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleareanxiousandself-conscious;thatis,theyareconcernedabouttheirownappearanceandactionstoomuch.Negativethoughtsareconstantlyoccurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking?Dotheylikeme?DoIsoundstupid?AmIwearingunattractiveclothes?Itisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingsmustaffectpeopleunfavorably.Aperson’sself-conceptisreflectedinthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.Ingeneral,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasadeepeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeople,whohavelowrespect,arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedfaiththattheyaredoing＂therightthing＂.Shypeopleareverysensitivetocriticism.Itmakesthemfeelinferior(自卑).Theyalsofinditdifficulttobepleasedbypraisesbecausetheybelievetheyareunworthyofpraise.Ashypersonmayrespondtoapraisewithastatementlikethisone:＂You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood.Iknowit’snottrue.＂Itisclearthat,whileself-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletelygotridof,oratleastreduced?Fortunately,peoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminationsinceshynessgoeshandinhandwithlackofself-respect.Itisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessesaswellastheirstrengths.Eachoneofushashisorherowncharacteristics.Weareinterestedinourownpersonalways.Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourchancesforarichandsuccessfullife.36.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout____________.A.thecauseofshynessB.theeffectofshynessonpeopleC.thefeelingsofshypeopleD.thequestionsinthemindsofshypeople37.Accordingtothewriter,self-awarenessis____________.A.harmfultopeopleB.aweakpointofpeopleC.thecauseofunhappinessD.agoodcharacteristic38.Whatistheshypeople’sreactiontopraise?A.Theyarepleasedbyit.B.Theyfeelitisnottrue.C.Theyareverysensitivetoit.D.Theyfeeltheyareworthyofit.39.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatshyness____________.20/20\nA.blocksourchancesforasuccessfullifeB.helpsustoliveuptoourfulldevelopmentC.enablesustounderstandourselvesbetterD.hasnothingtodowithlackofself-respect【答案】36.B37.D38.B39.A【解析】本文是说明文。本文主要讲了害羞的负面影响以及针对如何克服害羞这个问题提出了一些建议。【36题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleareanxiousandself-conscious;thatis,theyareconcernedabouttheirownappearanceandactionstoomuch.(害羞对大多数人来说是很多不幸的源头。害羞的人通常很紧张而且害羞的。他们十分关注自己的外貌和行为。脑袋里总是担心这担心那)可知，第一自然段主要讲了胆怯对人们的影响，故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的Itisclearthat,whileself-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.(很明显，虽然自我意识是一种健康的品质，但过度是有害的)可知，自我意识是好特性。故选D。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的Ashypersonmayrespondtoapraisewithastatementlikethisone:“You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood.Iknowit'snottrue.”，可知一个害羞的人可能会用这样的陈述来回应表扬：“你这样说只是为了让我感觉良好，我知道这不是真的。”因此可知，害羞的人对表扬的反应是，他们感觉不是真实的。故选B。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一句Thebetterweunderstandourselves.theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourchancesforarichandfulfillinglife.(越了解自己，越能充分发挥自己的潜能。不要让害羞阻挡我们追求丰富圆满的生活)可知，害羞会阻挡我们实现富有、成功生活的机会。故选A。BJuly27th,2022wasatypicalEnglishsummer’sday—itrainedfor24hours!Asusual,Irushedhomefromworkatmiddaytocheckonthehouse.Nothingwasamiss.BythetimeIleftworkat5pm,however,theroadintoourvillagewasflooded.Ourhousehadneverbeenfloodedbut,asIopenedthefrontdoor,awaveofwatergreetedme.ThankGodthekidsweren’twithme,becausethehousewas5feetdeepinwater.Welosteverythingdownstairs.Atfirstwetriedtopushonthrough.Wedidn’twanttomovethechildrenoutofhome,sowecampedupstairs.Weputasheetofplasticacrossthefloortoprotectusfromthedamp.Butafterthreemonths,wefeltverysick,sowemovedtoawoodenhouseinapark.Thehousewassmall,butatfirstwewerealljustdelightedtobeinanewplace.Unfortunately,thingstooklongerthanexpectedandweweretherefor10months.Thelifetherewasinconvenient.WhatsurprisedmemostwashowmuchImissedbeingpartofacommunity(社区).Wehadlivedinafriendlyvillage20/20\nwithgoodneighbours,andI’dneverthoughthowmuchI’dmissthat.Althoughoursituationwasveryhard,it’sdifficulttofeeltoosorryforyourselfwhenyoulookatwhat’shappeningelsewhere.IwatchedanewsreportaboutfloodsinNorthernIndiaandthought,“Wedidn’thaveastrawhut(茅草房)thatwassweptaway,andourhouseisstillstanding.We’relucky.”WemovedbackhomeinAugust.WithDecembercoming,there’sstillreconstructionworktobedone,soit’sdifficulttoprepareforChristmas.ButIcan’twait—I’mgoingtothrowapartyforourfriendsinthevillagetosaythanksfortheirsupport.Thisyear,Iwon’tneedanygifts—livingawayfromhomeformonthshasmademerealizehowlittleweactuallyneedormissallourpossessions.Althoughwearereplacingthings,there’sreallynorush—wehaveourhomeback,andthat’sthemainthing.40.Theunderlinedword“amiss”inthefirstparagraphmeans .A.wrongB.missingC.rightD.difficult41.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheywereluckyinthethirdparagraph?A.Becausetheywereabletomovetoanewplace.B.Becausemanyotherplaceswereflooded.C.Becausetheirstrawhutwasnotsweptaway.D.Becausesomeotherssufferedevenmore.42.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthor .A.wassickofstayingupstairsB.caredmuchaboutherchildrenC.couldnotstandlivinginawoodenhouseD.didnotdealwellwithherfamilyaffairsduringtheflood43.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttoexpressbytellingherstory?A.Shevaluedhumanfeelingsmorethanbefore.B.Sherealizedshealmostdidn’tneedpossessions.C.ShefoundChristmasgiftsnolongerbadlyneeded.D.Shethoughtherownhomewasthemostimportant.【答案】40.A41.D42.B43.A【解析】文章是记叙文。主要描述了作者经历洪水之后搬家，搬家后更加怀念以前的邻居。【40题详解】词义猜测题。由第一段“Asusual,Irushedhomefromworkatmiddaytocheckonthehouse.像往常一样，我在中午下班冲回家查看房子。根据语境可知作者回家去查看证实一切都正常，由于主语是nothing，所以这里是没什么不对。故选A项。【41题详解】细节理解题。作者提到IwatchedanewsreportaboutfloodsinNorthernIndiaandthought,“Wedidn’thaveastrawhut(茅草房)thatwassweptaway,andourhouseisstillsanding.We’relucky.”我看了关于在印度北部洪水的新闻报道，我认为,20/20\n“我们没有被冲走的稻草小屋，并且我们的房子仍然在。我们很幸运。”所以这里是其他人遭受地更多，所以我们很幸运。故选D项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ThankGodthekidsweren’twithme,becausethehousewas5feetdeepinwater.Welosteverythingdownstairs.Wedidn’twanttomovethechildrenoutofhome,sowecampedupstairs.”幸亏孩子们没和我在一起，因为房子里的水有5英尺深。楼下的东西都没有了，我们不想把孩子们从家里移出去，所以就在楼上宿营。由此判断出作者很关心孩子。故选B项。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“WhatsurprisedmemostwashowmuchImissedbeingpartofacommunity(社区).Wehadlivedinafriendlyvillagewithgoodneighbours,andI’dneverthoughthowmuchI’dmissthat.”最让我惊讶的是我是多么怀念成为社区的一员。我们住在一个友好的村庄，邻居都很好，我从来没有想过我会多么想念他们。作者提到在小木屋中生活一段时间后很怀念原来的邻居和社区，以及最后一段话中还讲到要举行舞会来感激朋友们对自己的帮助等事实可以判断出作者比之前更重视情感。故选D项。CBabiesarebornyogis.Oncewewereallabletopullourtoesupbyourearsandlaughaboutit.Thenweaged,gotinjured,andbegancarryingstressinourshouldersandback.Inshort,welostourbalance.Yoga（瑜伽）isanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mind,andspirit.Itbringsusbalance.IwasseriouslyoutofbalancewhenIstartedpracticingyogain1999.Ihadplantarfascitisinbothfeet,andmydoctorhadwarnedmeagainstallthethingsIlovedtodo:walking,hiking,andplayingtennis.Iwasdesperateforexercise.Yogabecamemysalvationandevenenhancedmyotherfitnessactivities.Ipracticeyogaatleasttwiceaweek,butIconsideryogatobepartofmydailylifebecauseafterawhileyounolongerjustpracticeyoga—youloveit.Yogabecomespartofyourphysicallife.Yourbodygrowsstronger,moretoned,andmoreflexibleasyoumovefromoneposetotheother.IspentaweekinMexicoatayogaretreat,anditwasthefirstvacationonwhichIlostweight.“Ratherthanbuildingmuscle,yogabuildsmuscletone,”saysShaktaKaurKhalsa,authoroftheK.I.S.S.GuidetoYoga.“Becauseyogahelpsmaintainabalancedmetabolism(新陈代谢),italsohelpstoregulateweight.Additionally,yogastretchesmuscleslengthwise,causingfattoberemovedaroundthecells.”Idoyogaposesthroughouttheday.Afterhoursatmycomputer,Istretchmystiffshouldersandarms.WhenIneedaboostofenergy,Idoenergizingposes.WhenIamfeelingexhaustedattheendoftheday,Idorestorativeposes.Yogabecomespartofyourmentallife.Yogateachesyoutofocusonbreathingwhileyouholdtheposes.Thisattentiontobreathiscalming;itdissolvesstressandanxiety.Iuseyogicbreathingonthetenniscourts,inthedentist’schair,and20/20\nintrafficjams.Youshouldalwaysleaveayogapracticefeelingenergized,nottired.Ifyoufeeltiredafteryoga,itmeansyouspentthetime“fighting”yourself,tryingtoforceyourselfintoposes.Inyoga,you“surrender”totheposebylettinggoofthetension.Yogabecomespartofyourspirituallife.Yogaispracticedbypeoplefromallreligions;itisnotrestrictedtoanyreligiousgroup.Yogateaches“right”livinginhowwedealwithourselvesandothers.AsIworkonadifficultpose,Ilearnpatience,forgiveness,andthevalueofgentleness.Yogaadvocatespropereating,butyoudon’thavetobeavegetariantopracticeyoga.44.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.What’sYoga?B.HowIDoYogaPosesC.TheBenefitsofYogaD.TheVarietiesofYoga45.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,yogacanhelppeople__________.A.growtallerB.loseweightC.becomeflexibleinthinkingD.makemorefriends46.Peoplefeeltiredafteryogabecause__________.A.theyconsumeenergyinpracticingyogaB.theyrespondwelltoyogaposesC.theyspendtoomuchtimeonyogaD.theyforcethemselvesintoyogaposes47.Ifspassagecontinues,whatwillthewritermostprobablywriteaboutinthenextparagraph?A.Yogaasameanstokeepfit.B.Differentyogaposes.C.Popularityofyogaallovertheworld.D.Encouragingpeopletodoyoga.【答案】44.C45.B46.D47.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述的是练习瑜伽对我们的身体和精神的很多好处。【44题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段Yoga（瑜伽）isanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mind,andspirit.Itbringsusbalance.（瑜伽是一种古老的练习，有助于创造一种身心合一的感觉。它给我们带来平衡。）和第三段Yogabecomespartofyourphysicallife.Yourbodygrowsstronger,moretoned,andmoreflexibleasyoumovefromoneposetotheother.IspentaweekinMexicoatayogaretreat.（瑜伽成为你身体生活的一部分。当你从一个姿势转换到另一个姿势时，你的身体会变得更强壮、更结实、更灵活。我在墨西哥的一个瑜伽静修处待了一周）可知本文作者主要讲述的是瑜伽对身体的诸多好处，建议我们多做瑜伽来锻炼身体。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“瑜伽的好处”。故C正确。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段IspentaweekinMexicoatayogaretreat,anditwasthefirstvacationonwhichIlostweight.（我在墨西哥的一个瑜伽休养所待了一个星期，这是我第一个减肥的假期。）可知瑜伽可以帮助我们减肥。故B正确。20/20\n【46题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段Ifyoufeeltiredafteryoga,itmeansyouspentthetime“fighting”yourself,tryingtoforceyourselfintoposes.（如果你在练完瑜伽后感到累了，这意味着你花了时间和自己“斗争”，试图强迫自己摆出各种姿势。）可知人们练完瑜伽后会感到疲劳，是因为她们强迫自己做瑜伽姿势。故D正确。【47题详解】推理判断题。本文主要讲述的是瑜伽给我们的生活带来了很多好处，无论是身体还是精神上都是好处多多。接下来应该是鼓励人们做瑜伽。故D正确。DAresearchbytheNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsisseenasanimportantconfirmationofthe“Hispanicmortalityparadox(西班牙裔死亡率悖论).”Onaverage,Hispanicsoutlivewhitesby2.5yearsandblacksby7.7years.Theirlifeexpectancyatbirthin2022was80.6years,comparedwith78.1forwhites,72.9forblacksand77.7yearsforthetotalpopulation.ThereportshowsthattheHispanicpopulationhashigherlifeexpectancyatbirthandatalmosteveryagedespiteasocioeconomicstatuslowerthanthatofwhites.“Mortalityisverycorrelatedwithincome,educationandhealthcareaccess,”saysElizabethArias,authorofthereport.“YouwouldexpecttheHispanicpopulationwouldhavehighermortality,inlinewiththeblackpopulation.”TheHispanicparadoxhasbeendocumentedformorethantwodecades,butthisisthefirsttimethegovernmenthashadenoughdatatoissuenationalnumbers.ResearchersarestrugglingtoexplainwhyHispanicslivelonger.“Wedon’tknow,”saysDavidHayes-Bautista,directoroftheCenterfortheStudyofLatinoHealthandCultureatUCLA’sDavidGeffenSchoolofMedicine.“Wethoughtitwasaprobleminthedata,butwecanprettymuchsaythisisreal.”Potentialfactors:·Cultureandlifestyle.Supportfromextendedfamilyandlowerratesofsmokinganddrinking.Latinogroupsinparticularhaveverystrongfamilyandsocialties.·Migration.The“healthymigranteffect”arguesthathealthypeoplearemorelikelytoemigrate.Andwhenimmigrantsbecomeill,theymightreturnhomeanddiethere.“SolvingthepuzzlemayhelpthenationdealwithhealthcareissuesbecauseHispanicsusehealthservicesless—theymakefewerdoctorsvisitsandspendlesstimeinhospitals,”HayesBautistasays.“It’sclearlysomethingintheLatinoculture,”hesays.48.In2022,Hispanics’lifeexpectancyisyearslongerthantheaverageofthetotalpopulation.A.2.5B.7.7C.2.9D.80.649.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outlive”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A.Tolivelongerthan.B.Toliveshorterthan.20/20\nC.Todieout.D.Toexpecttolive.50.Whatisthemainideaofparagraphthree?A.Hispanicswerebornbetterthanwhites.B.Moralityiscloselyrelatedwithhealthcareaccess.C.Whitesshouldhavelongerlifeexpectancy.D.Evenexpertscan’texplainthephenomenon【答案】48.C49.A50.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了西班牙裔死亡率悖论，即尽管社会经济地位低于白人，西班牙裔人寿命更长。【48题详解】细节理解题。有第二段中的“Theirlifeexpectancyatbirthin2022was80.6years,comparedwith78.1forwhites,72.9forblacksand77.7yearsforthetotalpopulation.”（2022年，他们出生时的预期寿命为80.6岁，而白人为78.1岁，黑人为72.9岁，总人口平均寿命为77.7岁。）可知80.6岁-77.7岁=2.9岁，西班牙裔预期寿命比总人口的平均值长了2.9年。故选C项。【49题详解】词义猜测题。由第二段“Onaverage,Hispanicsoutlivewhitesby2.5yearsandblacksby7.7years.Theirlifeexpectancyatbirthin2022was80.6years,comparedwith78.1forwhites,72.9forblacksand77.7yearsforthetotalpopulation.”（平均来说，西班牙裔比白人多活2.5年，比黑人多活7.7年。2022年，他们出生时的预期寿命为80.6岁，而白人为78.1岁，黑人为72.9岁，总人口为77.7岁。）可知西班牙裔比白人活得久，outlive在此处意为“Tolivelongerthan”。故选A项。【50题详解】主旨大意题。由第三段“ThereportshowsthattheHispanicpopulationhashigherlifeexpectancyatbirthandatalmosteveryagedespiteasocioeconomicstatuslowerthanthatofwhites.“Mortalityisverycorrelatedwithincome,educationandhealthcareaccess,”saysElizabethArias,authorofthereport.“YouwouldexpecttheHispanicpopulationwouldhavehighermortality,inlinewiththeblackpopulation.””（报告显示，西班牙裔人口在出生时和几乎每个年龄段都有较高的预期寿命，尽管社会经济地位低于白人。该报告的作者伊丽莎白·阿里亚斯说：“死亡率与收入、教育和医疗保健机会密切相关。”“你会认为西班牙裔人口的死亡率会更高，与黑人人口一样。”）可知西班牙裔人口的死亡率会与黑人人口一样，但事实是西班牙裔人口拥有更长的寿命，报告作者也弄不明白了，可推断出第三段主要讲即使是专家也无法解释这种现象。故选D项。第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Countyourblessings(祝福),we’retold,butit’sjustnotinournature.We’drathercountour20/20\nproblems.We’resousedtofocusingonbadnewsthatwetendtopaynoattentiontowhat’sgoingwell.Assoonaswesolveoneproblem,wetaketheprogressforgrantedandfindanewcauseforalarm.Everynowandagainitdoesn’thurttothinkhowgoodwehaveit.Startcounting:1.FreetimeAsmuchaswecomplainaboutbeingbusy,thetypicalAmericanhasmorefreetimethanever—morethanfivehoursperday.Ifyoufeeltoobusy,it’sprobablyonlybecauseyou’redoingsomanyotherthingsthanwork.Expertssaythere’llbeevenmorefreetimeinthefuture.2.PeaceWarsandterroristattackswillalwaysmakeheadlines,butit’sremarkablehowmanyoftheworld’s6.7billionpeoplenowliveinpeace.Inrecentdecades,thoughthepopulationhasbeengrowing,thenumberofwarsaroundtheworldhasdeclined.Insomeearliergenerationsaquarterofthemalepopulationdiedviolentdeaths.Overthepastcentury,evencountingtheworldwars,aperson’schanceofdyingfromwarwaslessthan2percent.3.AmericandreamWhilesomepeoplearestrugglingtokeeptheirhomes,thevastmajorityofAmericansstillhaveplentytobethankfulforwhentheywalkthroughthefrontdoor.In1950thetypicalnewAmericanhousehadonefloorwith1,000squarefeet,twobedrooms,andonebathroom—andeventhatbungalowwasbeyondmanypeople’smeans.Today,morethantwothirdsofAmericansowntheirhomes,andthetypicalnewhousehastwofloors,atleastthreebedrooms,twoandahalfbaths,andmorethan2,200squarefeetofspaceforthefamily.4.Thereader’srevolutionIn1970barelyhalfthepeopleintheworldwereliterate,andmanyofthemcouldaffordonlyafewbooks.Today,morethan80percentoftheworld’speoplecanread,and22percenthaveaccesstothegreatestlibraryinhistory.TheWebprovidesclassicbooksandreferenceworksfreeofcharge.5.MorewildernessOnceyoutravelbeyondthecities,you’llfindplentyofopenspaceandpeacefulforests.Manyofthewoodlandsclearedbysettlershavereturnednowthatthelandisnolongerneededforagriculture.6.ThemoderncarsCarsgiveoffgreenhousegasesandcreatemaddeningtrafficjams,butconsiderwhatelsetheydo.Comparedwiththemodelsontheroadin1970,today’scarsburnlessgasolinepermileandemit98percentfewerpollutants.That’swhy,despitethedoublingofthenumberofcars,there’smuchlesssmogintheair.Thebasiccartodayoffersmorecomfortsandsafetythantheluxury(豪华)carsofold.TitleSixreasonstobethankfulProblemsWetendtofocusonourproblemsand___51___what’sgoingwell.Evenwithproblemssolvedimmediately,westill___52___ourselves20/20\nwithanewcourse.TheblessingsweshouldcountTodayAmericanshavemorefree___53___thanever.Thenumberofpeopledyingofwarshasdeclineddespitethe___54___inpopulation.Owingatwo-floorhousewithatleast3bedroomshasbeenwithinthe___55___ofmostAmericanstoday.Morereadingmaterialsare___56___toreadersandmorethan80%canread.Morelandforagriculturehasmade___57___forwoodlands.Moderncarsproducelesspollutionandaremore___58___.Thebasiccarsaremuch___59___andmore____60____.【答案】51.ignore52.alarm53.time54.growth55.reach56.available57.way58.efficient59.safer60.comfortable【解析】本文为议论文。我们太习惯于关注坏消息，以至于我们往往忽略了什么是好的。有时候细数一下我们所拥有的福祉是一件很美好的事情。【51题详解】考查细节理解能力。根据第一段We’resousedtofocusingonbadnewsthatwetendtopaynoattentiontowhat’sgoingwell(我们太习惯于关注坏消息，以至于我们往往忽略了什么是好的)可知，该空处意为“忽视/不在意(paynoattentionto)”，故填ignore。【52题详解】考查细节理解能力。根据第一段Assoonaswesolveoneproblem,wetaketheprogressforgrantedandfindanewcauseforalarm(一旦我们解决了一个问题，我们就会想当然地认为这是理所当然的，然后去发现新的问题)可知，即使问题立即得到解决，我们仍然用一个新的问题来警醒自己，alarmoneselfwithsomething意为“警示自己某事”，故填alarm。【53题详解】考查细节理解能力。根据Asmuchaswecomplainaboutbeingbusy,thetypicalAmericanhasmorefreetimethanever—morethanfivehoursperday(尽管我们总是抱怨自己很忙，但典型的美国人每天的空闲时间却比以往任何时候都多——超过5个小时).可知，今天的美国人比以往任何时候都有更多的空闲时间。故填time。【54题详解】20/20\n考查细节理解能力。根据Inrecentdecades,thoughthepopulationhasbeengrowing,thenumberofwarsaroundtheworldhasdeclined(近几十年来，尽管人口一直在增长，但世界各地的战争数量却在下降)可知，尽管人口的增长，但死于战争的人数已经下降，despite后跟名词形式，故填growth。【55题详解】考查推理理解能力。Today,morethantwothirdsofAmericansowntheirhomes,andthetypicalnewhousehastwofloors,atleastthreebedrooms,twoandahalfbaths,andmorethan2,200squarefeetofspaceforthefamily(如今，超过三分之二的美国人拥有自己的房子，典型的新房子有两层楼，至少三间卧室，两间半浴室，拥有超过2200平方英尺的空间)可知，拥有一幢至少有三间卧室的两层房子，现在已经是大多数美国人都能买得起的了。withinthereachof意为“在…力所能及的范围之内”，故填reach。56题详解】考查推理理解能力。根据Today,morethan80percentoftheworld’speoplecanread,and22percenthaveaccesstothegreatestlibraryinhistory.TheWebprovidesclassicbooksandreferenceworksfreeofcharge(今天，世界上超过80%的人可以阅读，22%的人可以进入历史上最大的图书馆。网站免费提供经典书籍和参考著作。)可知，当今更多的阅读材料可供人们使用，80%以上的人会阅读。beavailable意为“可供使用”，故填available。【57题详解】考查推理理解能力。根据Onceyoutravelbeyondthecities,you’llfindplentyofopenspaceandpeacefulforests.Manyofthewoodlandsclearedbysettlershavereturnednowthatthelandisnolongerneededforagriculture(一旦你走出城市，你会发现大量的开放空间和宁静的森林。许多被定居者砍伐的林地现在已经不再需要用于农业了)可知，更多的农业用地已经为林地让路。makewayfor…意为“让路给…/让步于…”，故填way。【58题详解】考查推理理解能力。根据Comparedwiththemodelsontheroadin1970,today’scarsburnlessgasolinepermileandemit98percentfewerpollutants.That’swhy,despitethedoublingofthenumberofcars,there’smuchlesssmogintheair.(与1970年的汽车相比，今天的汽车每英里消耗的汽油更少，排放的污染物也少了98%。这就是为什么尽管汽车数量翻了一番，空气中的烟雾却少了很多。)可知，现代汽车产生的污染更少，效率更高，故填efficient。【59题详解】考查细节理解能力。根据Thebasiccartodayoffersmorecomfortsandsafetythantheluxury(豪华)carsofold(如今的普通轿车比以前的豪华轿车更舒适、更安全。)可知，如今普通汽车更安全（safer）、更舒适，故填safer。【60题详解】考查细节理解能力。根据Thebasiccartodayoffersmorecomfortsandsafetythantheluxury(豪华)carsofold(如今的普通轿车比以前的豪华轿车更舒适、更安全。)可知，如今普通汽车更安全、更舒适（morecomfortable），故填comfortable。61.和睦的家庭有利于孩子的个性发展和家人的身心健康。请你根据表格中的信息和自身的感受，以Howwecanbuildupaharmoniousfamily为题用英语写一篇短文。20/20\n主要特征充满温暖、爱心和欢笑；相互关爱、尊重和理解主要益处生长在和睦家庭环境中的孩子会乐观向上；生活在和睦家庭中的父母会健康快乐父母该怎么做言行举止上做好表率；充分尊重、信任孩子；经常与孩子沟通交流你该怎么做……注意：1.对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2．词数120左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3．作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。HowwecanbuildupaharmoniousfamilyAharmoniousfamilyisessentialtoourpersonaldevelopmentandourphysicalandmentalhealth._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】HowwecanbuildupaharmoniousfamilyAharmoniousfamilyisessentialtoourpersonaldevelopmentandourphysicalandmentalhealth.Aharmoniousfamilyisalwaysfullofwarmth,loveandlaughter.Parentsandchildrenloveandshowconcernforeachother.Theyalsorespectandunderstandeachother.Ifachildgrowsupinaharmoniousfamily,heismorelikelytobecheerfulandoptimistic.Otherwise,hemaybemiserableandpessimistic.Meanwhile,parentsinaharmoniousfamilyaresuretolivehappilyandmorehealthily.Sinceaharmoniousfamilyplaysaveryimportantroleinourlife,itisuptoeveryfamilymembertocontributetothebuildingofsuchafamily.Firstofall,parentsshouldbearolemodelfortheirchildrenandpaymoreattentiontotheirownwordsandbehavior.Besides,theymusttrusttheirchildrenandoftencommunicatewiththem.Aschildrenofthefamily,weshouldalsorespectandunderstandourparents,andtrytosharetheirburdens.Ifwedoso,ourhomewillalwaysbeharmonious.【解析】20/20\n【分析】这是一篇说明文。要求写一篇短文。【详解】根据提示信息，题目要求以Howwecanbuildupaharmoniousfamily为题写一篇英语短文，来谈谈家庭和睦的重要性以及怎样建立和睦的家庭。写作要点以表格的形式给出，清楚明了，可以从和睦家庭的特征、家庭和睦的好处、父母怎样做、孩子怎样做这四个方面来写。使用第一人称进行写作，时态以现在时为主，注意语法知识的正确运用。【点睛】范文使用了大量的固定短语：isessentialto；fullof；showconcernfor；growsup；islikelytobe；aresureto；playsaveryimportantrolein；itisuptosbtodosth；contributeto；paymoreattentionto；communicatewith等，使作文内容显得非常充实，且有说服力；范文注意使用Otherwise,Meanwhile,Firstofall,Besides等来起衔接作用，使作文条理清晰，层次分明。20/20
