TheFourthPeriod●从容说课Thisperiodlaysemphasisongrammar，thatis，theAttributiveClause，whichisalsothedifficultpointinSeniorEnglish.First，revisewhatthestudentshavelearntinthelastperiodbyfillingintheblanksinapassageandtranslatingsomesentencesfromChineseintoEnglish.InthisunitthestudentsshouldlearntousetheRelativePronounssuchasthat，which，who，whomandwhosetointroduceanAttributiveClause.First，theteacherpresentsonesentencecontaininganAttributiveClause，whichwastakenfromthereadingpassage.TeachertriestoanalyzethesentenceandletthestudentshaveageneralideaaboutwhatisanAttributiveClause.ThenthestudentsareaskedtofindallthesentencesthatcontainanAttributiveClauseintheReadingpassage.Nexttheteacherwillexplainthedifferencebetweentheserelativepronounsandalsoshowsometypicalexamples.Afterthat，thestudentswillchoosetherightrelativepronounstocompletesomesentences.Inordertoconsolidatethegrammar，thestudentswilldosomeoralpractice.Inthispractice，thestudentswilltelleachothertheirownunusualexperiences.Theneachgroupwillchooseonerepresentativetoreporttothewholeclass.Thestudentsshouldnotonlylearnaboutthegrammar，butalsolearnhowtousethem，whichismuchmoreimportant.Alsothispartcanhelpthestudentstocommunicatewitheachotherusingthelanguagethattheyhavelearned，andthisistherealpurposeoflearninglanguages.●三维目标1.Knowledge：（1）LearntheAttributiveClause.（2）LearnthedifferencebetweenRelativePronounsfortheAttributiveClauses.2.Ability：（1）LearntochoosethecorrectRelativePronounsfortheAttributiveClauses.（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreportwhatothershavesaid.3.Emotion：Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewitheachother.●教学重点（1）LearntheAttributiveClause.（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreportwhatothershavesaid.●教学难点LearntochoosethecorrectRelativePronounsfortheAttributiveClauses.●教具准备（1）ataperecorder（2）aprojector（3）theblackboard●教学过程Step1GreetingsGreetthewholeclassasusual.Step2Revision7,T：Inthelastperiod，welearnedtheusageofsomedifficultwordsandexpressions.Nowlet’scheckyourhomeworkexercises.LookatPart1inUsingWordsandExpressionsonPage63.Describeanearthquakeusingthevocabularyinthisunit.Thenchoosethewordsandexpressionsfromtheboxtocompletethepassage.Changetheformifnecessary.（Onestudentreadstheshortpassage.Theteachercorrectsanymistakesifthereareany.）T：Thenlet’scometothenextpart.TranslatethesentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsandexpressionsinthebrackets.Iwillasksomeofyoutoreadthesentences.S1：Theeveningbeforelast，shewastoonervoustoeatanything.S2：Whenpeoplefoundtherewasasecondquake，theyrushedoutoftheirhousesrightaway.S3：Afterthatterribledisaster，60percentofthehomelesschildrenweresenttoothersafecitiestolive.S4：Tothenorthofthefactory，alittlegirlwasdugoutoftheruins.S5：Weareproudofthesoldiers，whorescuedthoseboysfromtherace.S6：Weshouldhonorthosewhoorganizedtherescuework.T：Youdidaquitegoodjob.Step3Grammar（Theteacherwritesthesentence“Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.”ontheblackboardbeforeclassbegins.）T：Pleaselookatthesentenceontheblackboard，payingspecialattentiontotheunderlinedpart.Whatkindofclauseisit？Ss：TheAttributiveClause.T：Yes.Youareright.TheAttributiveClausetellsuswhichpersonorthing（orwhatkindofpersonorthing）thespeakermeans.e.g.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Asentencewithanattributiveclauseisacombinationoftwoshortersentences.Inthesentenceabove，thetwoshortsentencesare：“Thewomanisateacher.”and“Thewomanlivesnextdoor.”TheAttributiveClauseistheanswertothequestion：Whichwomanisateacher？Wouldyoutrytodividethesamplesentenceontheblackboardintotwoshortsentences？S1：Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors.Thesurvivors’homeshadbeendestroyed.T：That’sright.NowtrytofindallthesentenceswithAttributiveClausesintheReadingpassage.（Afterseveralminutes.）S2：Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity，whothoughtlittleoftheseevents，wenttobedasusualthatnight.S3：ItwasheardinBeijing，whichisonehundredkilometersaway.S4：Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses，roadsandcanals.S5：Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400000.S6：Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.T：Verygood.ThenwhichpartoftheAttributiveClause，doyouthink，isthemostdifficultone？7,S7：Therelativepronouns.T：YouhavenoticedthatmanyexercisesabouttheAttributiveClausearedesignedforthestudentstochooseabetterrelativepronoun.SonextIwillsaysomethingaboutthecommonrelativepronouns.“Who”isusedforpeople.e.g.Themanhasbeencaught.Hedidtherobbery.→Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.“Which”isusedforthings.e.g.Thechairwasabrokenone.Isatinthechair.→ThechairwhichIsatinwasabrokenone.“That”isusedforthingsorpeople.e.g.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.→Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hereistheboy.Hedamagedthevase.→Hereistheboythatdamagedthevase.“Whose”isusedinsteadofhis/her/their.e.g.Sheisthegirl.HerEnglishisthebestinourclass.→SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.“Whom”isquiteformal，andinmostcasesitisallrighttousewhoinstead.Butwhenwhomhasaprepositionbeforeit，itcannotbereplacedbywho.e.g.（1）Iwantedtoseethewoman.Shehadalreadyleft.→Thewomanwhom/whoIwantedtoseehadalreadyleft.（2）Theworkers，someofwhomstayedhereforfouryears，comefromdifferentcountries.T：NowlookatPart2inDiscoveringUsefulStructuresonPage28.Trytocompleteeachsentenceusingthat，which，who，orwhose.（Afterseveralminutes.）S8：Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeoplewhowereasleep.T：Oh，attention，please.Inthissentencewecan’tuse“whom”，because“whom”can’tactasasubjectintheAttributiveClause.S9：Soyoumean“who”canactasasubject，while“whom”canactasanobjectinanAttributiveClause.T：Yes.And“who”canalsoactasanobjectintheAttributiveClause.Now，let’scometothenextsentence.S10：Thenextdaypeopleputupsheltersintheopenairwithallkindsofthingsthat/whichtheycouldfind.S11：Severaldayslatermostofthebuildingsthathadbeendamagedwererepaired.S12：Wewenttoseeourteacherwhosehusbandwaskilledintheearthquake.S13：Anumberofchildrenwhoseparentshaddiedinthequakeweresenttolivewithfamiliesinothercities.T：Youdidaquitegoodjob.Step4ConsolidationT：NowwearegoingtopracticeusingtheAttributiveClause.Thinkaboutanunusualexperienceandhowyoufelt.Workingroups.Taketurnsaskingquestions，using“Wasit7,somethingthat？”or“Wastheresomeonewho？”Takenotesabouttheexperiencesofyourgroupmembersandreportbacktotheclass.（Ssworkingroups.MeanwhiletheteachergoesaroundtheclassandhelpsSsdealwithanydifficultiesthattheymayhave.）（Afterseveralminutes.）T：Eachgroupshouldchooseonerepresentativetomakeareporttothewholeclass.S1：Wasitsomethingthatfrightenedyou？S2：Yes，Iwasreallyfrightenedandfeltterriblypainful.S3：Wastheresomeonewhocametohelpyou？S4：Yes.Somepassers-bycametohelpmeandtheysentmetothenearesthospital.S5：Whileridingabikebackhome，XiaoMingwashitbyacar.Hefelldownfromthebikeontotheground.Hefeltterriblypainful.Somepassers-bycametohelphimandsenthimtohospital.Afterexamination，thedoctorsfoundhisleftlegwasbroken.T：Excellent.Step5HomeworkT：Afterclass，readthepassageonPage64.It’saboutadviceonhowtoprotectyourhomefromanearthquake.Completethesentencesbelow，usingwho，whom，which，thatorwhose.Second，pleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingtheAttributiveClauses.1.她的父母不允许她嫁给任何家境贫寒的人。2.两位朋友谈论了许多他们所记得的大学里的人和事。3.正在那儿唱歌的女孩是我的妹妹。4.这就是你上个月参观的博物馆吗？5.他正在写字用的那枝钢笔是我的。●板书设计Unit4EarthquakeTheFourthPeriodExample：WorkersbuiltsheltersAnswers：forsurvivorswhose1.who2.that/whichhomeshadbeen3.that4.whosedestroyed.5.whoseRelativePronouns：UsefulExpressions：who，which，that1.Wasitsomethingthat...？whose，whom2.Wastheresomeonewho...？●活动与探究ConductingaSurvey：Conductasurveyoncampusinpairs.Askteachersorstudentsthatyoucanmeetandwritedowntheinformationyouget.Thenwriteareportbasedontheinformation.Atlastreportyoursurveytothewholeclassandchoosethebestreporter.Questions：（1）Haveyouexperiencedanydisaster？（2）Whatwasitandwhendidithappen？（3）Whatdidyoudoatfirst？Didyoufeelfrightened？（4）Howdidyousurvive？7,（5）Didanyonecometohelpyou？（6）Whathaveyoulearntfromit？●备课资料定语从句关系词的选择1.只用that，不用which的情况：（1）当先行词是不定代词，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，none，theone等。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（2）先行词前有theonly，few，oneof，little，no，all，every，very等词修饰时。Thereisnodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.（3）先行词被序数词first，last，next等或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapanese.（4）当先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.（5）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时。Chinaisn’tthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.（6）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop？（7）当先行词是what时。Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousohappy？2.只用which不用that的情况：（1）先行词在非限制性定语从句中充当主语或宾语。Theirhousewaswashedawaybythefloods，whichmadethemverysad.（2）当关系代词前有介词。Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.（3）当先行词本身是that时。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow？（4）当关系代词后面带有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich，asIhavetoldyou，willhelpimproveyourEnglish.3.as与which的比较：（1）在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中的某个部分，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。Theyfailedintheexam，as/whichisnatural.Asisknowntoall，theearthmovesaroundthesun.（2）如关系代词代表全句意思，有“正如……，就像……”之意时，用as。Wewonthefootballgame，aswehadexpected.（3）当先行词被thesame，such，so修饰时，用as。Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.Don’tbelieveinsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.（4）当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用which。Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendoutofmuchmoney，whichwasdisgraceful.RelatedExercises：1.Iknowtheboy____________yougavethebook____________.7,A.whom；toB.which；toC.towhom；toD.that；tohim2.Harbinistheveryplace____________I’manxioustopayavisit.A.thatB.whichC.onwhichD.towhich3.HaveyoubeentoHangzhou，____________WestLakeisthemostbeautifulinourcountry？A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.where4.Iknowthestudent____________youborrowedthepen.A.thatB.fromwhomC.fromwhichD.whom5.HereareplayersfromJapan，____________areouroldfriends.A.thatB.whereC.theyD.who6.Theyarrivedatthefarmhouse，infrontof____________satasmallboy.A.theplaceB.itC.whichD.that7.Thatistheday____________I’llneverforget.A./B.onwhichC.inwhichD.when8.Theletterisfrommysister，____________isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.she9.Ilostabook，____________Ican’tremembernow.A.itstitleB.whosetitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat10.Iwanttousethesamedictionary____________wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whatC.likeD.as11.HeisgoodatEnglish，____________weallknow.A.thatB.asC.thisD.what12.I’llneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.A.whenB.onwhichC.whichD.inwhich13.Thisisthebestfilm____________Ihaveeverseen.A.thatB.whichC.nowthatD.if14.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents____________fromShanghai.A.whoisB.whoareC.theyareD.thatcome15.MrScottisoneoftheforeignexpertswho____________inChina.A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hasbeenworking16.I，who____________inAmerica，feelproudofbeingaChinese.A.isB./C.amD.being17.Theboyfailedintheexamagain，____________madehisparentsdisappointed.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what18.Thedoctorsandnursesdid____________theycouldtohelpthewounded.A.allwhatB.allwhichC.everythingwhatD.allthat19.He’llneverforgetthepeopleandtheplace____________shevisitedinBeijinglastyear.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.where7,20.Doyouknowthereason____________hewaslate？A.forwhatB.whichC.forwhichD.that1~5ADABD6~10CACBD11~15BCAAC16~20CBDAC7
