TheSecondPeriod●从容说课Thisisthesecondperiodofthisunit.Inthisperiod，studentsareexpectedtoretellthecontentsofthereadingpassage.ThepurposeistoreviewthepassageandfurtherunderstandthebadexperienceoftheblacksinSouthAfrica.Atthesametime，studentscanhavechancetopracticetheiroralEnglish.Afterthat，itisverynecessarytodealwiththelanguagepointsintheWarmingupandreadingpassage，whichhelpsthestudentstoenlargetheirvocabularyandstrengthentheirEnglishbasicskills.What’smore，therearesomeexercisesdesignedtoconsolidatethesewordsandexpressions.●三维目标1.Knowledge：Learnandmasterthenewwordsandexpressionsinthisperiod.Words：fight，advise，prison，accept，receivePhrases：stop...（from）doingsth.，loseheart，introuble，worryabout，outofwork，YouthLeague，asamatteroffact，blowup，put...inprisonSentences：Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.2.Ability：（1）EnablethestudentstotalkaboutElias’experienceinEnglish.（2）Enablethestudentstousethenewwordsandexpressionsfreely.3.Emotion：FurtherunderstandthebadexperienceoftheblacksinSouthAfrica.●教学重点（1）fight：fightfor，fightagainst，fightwith（2）advise：advisesb.onsth.，advisesb.todosth.，advisethatsb.（should）dosth.（3）prison：beinprison，beintheprison，putsb.inprison，sb.bekept/heldprisoner（4）accept/receive（5）stop...（from）doingsth.●教学难点Helpthestudentstomasterthegrammar：inversionwithOnly＋adverbial.●教具准备Themultimediaandtheblackboard.●教学过程Step1GreetingsGreetthewholeclassasusual.Step2RevisionT：Inthelastperiod，wereadapassageaboutElias.Fromthepassage，we’vegotalotofinformationaboutracialdiscriminationinSouthAfricaandNelsonMandela.First，let’sgooverthepassage.I’dliketoaskyoutwoquestions.（Showthefollowingquestionsonthescreen.）Q1：HowdidtheANCYouthLeaguefightthegovernment？7,Q2：WhatcanwelearnfromthetextaboutNelsonMandela？T：Who’dliketohaveatry？Tom？S1：Yes.Atfirst，theANCYouthLeaguefoughtagainstthegovernmentinapeacefulway.Butwhentheyfailed，theybegantouseviolence.T：Welldone.Who’dliketoanswerthesecondquestion？S2：Ihaveatry.IthinkwecanlearnfromMandelathequalitiesofbravery，persistence，kindnessanddetermination.T：Verygood.NowsupposeyouareEliasandyourpartnerisanewspaperreporter.Heisinterviewingyou.Pleaseworkinpairs.（Giveseveralminutesforstudentstoprepare.）T：Now，I’dlikeapairtoactoutyourdialogue.Whichpairvolunteers？S3：Wewantatry.T：Good.Pleasebegin.（Thepairactsouttheirdialogue.）Possibledialogue：（A—anewspaperreporterB—Elias）A：Elias，mayIaskyouafewquestions？B：Ofcourse，I’dliketoanswerthem.A：What’slifeinSouthAfricalike？B：It’smuchbetternow.SinceNelsonMandelabecamethefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfricain1994，wehavehadthesamerightasthewhites；Ihopeitwillbelikethisforever.A：Whatweresomeoftheproblemsthatblackpeoplehad？B：Thereweresomeproblems.Ourlifewasharderthanthewhitesbecausewecouldnotgotothesameschoolasthewhitesinthepastandthereforewecouldn’tgetahigherpositioninthefactoriesandcompanies.EventherewasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.Butthingsaredifferentnow.I’msurewewillliveabetterlifeinthefuture.A：Ithinkso.IheardthatPresidentNelsonMandelahelpedyou.Wouldyoupleasesaysomethingaboutthat？B：I’mgladto.Imethimin1952whenIwastwelveyearsold.ThetimewhenImethimwasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iworkedinagoldmine.ButIdidnothaveapassbookbecauseIwasnotborninJohannesburg.SoIwasworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbeoutofwork.A：Sohehelpedyou？B：Yes.Hewassokindtohelpme.Hetoldmehowtogetthecorrectpaperssoitwasoneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.A：You’reverylucky.B：Ithinkso.IthankedhimverymuchandIneverforgothowkindhewasandwhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague，IjoineditassoonasIcould.A：Sofromthenon，youfoughttogetheragainstthegovernmenttogetthesamerightsasthewhites.B：Right.A：Thankyouforansweringmyquestions.Wishyoueverysuccess.Step3LanguagepointsT：Thankyou.Yougaveusawonderfulperformance.Fromthereadingpassage，we’vediscoveredsomeusefulwords.Now，let’sdealwiththemonebyone.7,（1）fightvt.和……战斗，和……打EnglishfoughtGermany.vi.作战，战斗*fightfor...为……而战斗Hetoldtheworkerstofightfortheirrights.*fightagainst/with...为反对……而斗争，和……作斗争Youwillhavetofightagainst/withdifficulties.Englandfoughtagainst/withGermanyinthewarof1941-1948.*fightwith...和……一起作战TheyfoughtwiththeItaliansinthelastwar.（2）advisev.*advisesb.onsth.就……给某人出主意Ihaveadvisedyouonthatsubject.TheteacheradvisedmeonhowtolearnEnglish.*advisesb.todosth.建议某人干……TheteacheradvisesmetopractisemorespokenEnglish.*advisethatsb.（should）dosth.Iadvisethatyou（should）noteatthiskindoffruit.advicen.［U］apieceofadvicegivesb.adviceon...关于……给某人建议Inoneofhisbooks，MarxgavesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.（3）prison*beinprison坐牢*beintheprison在监狱里，可能坐牢，可能工作Hetoldmethathehadbeeninprisonforthreeyears.*putsb.inprison把……投入监狱Therobberhasbeenputinprison.*sb.bekept/heldprisoner被囚禁（4）accept接受，指的是主观上接受了receive收到，指客观上收到，不一定接受Ireceivedhisinvitation，butIdidn’tacceptit.（5）stop...（from）doingsth.阻止……做某事Youmuststophim（from）tellinghisfather.Ireallywanttostopyou（from）smoking.T：JustnowwelearnusefulwordsandexpressionsinWarming-upandReading.Nowlet’sanalyzedifficultsentencestogetherandlearnusefulsentencestructures.（1）Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress.see在此句意思为“见证、目睹”，为某事发生之时，主语常为时间。Yesterdaysawaterriblecaraccidentinfrontofourschool.（2）Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有在这时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。7,这是一个倒装句。结构：Only+状语+部分倒装状语：由副词，介词短语或状语从句构成。*部分倒装用一般疑问句的语序Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth.Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakepeoplehearhim.Onlywhenhisfathercamebackdidhegotobed.*only引导的词不是状语不用倒装Onlyhecanworkoutthisproblem.（3）ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwastorealizeourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.wastodo在此处意思为“注定将会……”。Youweretoregretyourdecisionlater.Step4DiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsT：Somuchforthelanguagepoints.Now，let’slookattheexerciseonthescreen.Pleasereadthepassageagaintofindwordsthatmeanthesame.（Showthefollowingformonthescreenandallowthestudentsenoughtimetofinishthem.）AlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextgroupofpeopleorganizedforaspecialpurposefeelhopelessloseone’sjobbravemaninfacthavesomedifficultproblemsbetakentoprisonsometimebereadytomoneypaidforgoingtoschooltellsomebodywhattodogoonalwaysdoingnewthingswhatpeopledoinawarayellowmetalformakingaringagreetotakegoagainstalawquietandcalmSuggestedanswers：AlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextgroupofpeopleorganizedforaspecialpurposeleaguefeelhopelessworryaboutloseone’sjoboutofworkbravemanheroinfactasamatteroffacthavesomedifficultproblemsbeintrouble7,betakentoprisonbeputinprisonsometimeperiodbereadytowillingmoneypaidforgoingtoschoolfeetellsomebodywhattodoadvisegooncontinuealwaysdoingnewthingsactivewhatpeopledoinawarviolenceayellowmetalformakingaringgoldagreetotakeacceptgoagainstalawattackquietandcalmpeacefulT：Now，pleaseturntoPage36anddoExercise2.Completethepassagewithsomeofthewordsabove.Discussthesentenceswithyourpartnertoseewhichwordsshouldbechosen.（Allowthestudentsafewminutestoprepareandthenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.）Step5UsingwordsandexpressionsT：Nowlookatthescreen.PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingwhatwelearnedjustnow.（1）士兵与村民共同与敌人战斗。（2）爸爸建议我多读英语报纸。（3）我们应尽力阻止这种事再次发生。（4）只有在那时，他才意识到他错了。（5）我第一次听这首歌就喜欢它了。（6）我昨天确实见到了Mike。（7）他昨天没有上学的原因是他病了。（8）我永远不会忘记我见到Mandela的那天。Suggestedanswers：（1）Thesoldiersfoughtwiththevillagersagainsttheenemies.（2）DadadvisedmetoreadmoreEnglishnewspapers.（3）Weshouldtrytostopsuchathing（from）happeningagain.（4）Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.（5）ThefirsttimeIheardthesong，Ilikedit.（6）IdidseeMikeyesterday.（7）Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoclassisthathewasill.（8）IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIsawMandela.Step6PracticeT：Now，let’sturntoPage70.Gothroughthepassageandchoosethewordsorexpressionsfromthebracketstocompletethepassagebelow.Areyouready？Ss：Yes.T：OK.Let’sbegin.（Allowthestudentsafewminutestoprepareandthenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.）Step7Summary7,T：Inthisperiod，wefirstgooverthereadingpassage“Elias’story”todotheoralpractice.Thenwedealwithsomeimportantandusefullanguagepoints.Afterthatwedosomeconsolidationexercises.NowI’msurethatyoufurtherunderstandthepassage.Step8Homework1.DoWBP71.Ex2Translation.Previewtheattributiveclause.●板书设计Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroTheSecondPeriod（1）fightfightfor...fightagainstfightwith（2）advisev.advisesb.onsth.advisesb.todosth.advisethatsb.（should）dosth.advicen.［U］apieceofadvicegivesb.adviceon...（3）prisonbeinprisonbeintheprisonputsb.inprisonsb.bekept/heldprisoner（4）acceptreceive（5）stop...（from）doingsth.●活动与探究ThisactivityisdesignedtomakearesearchintotheracialdiscriminationinSouthAfrica.Askthestudentstosearchforsomeinformationaboutthatafterclassindifferentways，suchasfromthelibraryortheInternet.●备课资料CharlesBabbageCharlesBabbagewasoneofthekeyfiguresofagreateraofBritishhistory.Bornastheindustrialrevolutionwasgettingintoitsswing，bythetimeBabbagediedBritainwasbyfarthemostindustrializedcountrytheworldhadeverseen.Babbageplayedacrucialroleinthescientificandtechnicaldevelopmentoftheperiod.AlthoughborninLondon，BabbagecamefromanoldTotnesfamily，andretainedcloselinkswiththeregionallhislife.TheWestCountry，withitsminingandengineeringwasparticularlyimportantintheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution，andfromtheextraordinarilywealthyTotnesregion，withitsportatDartmouth，camealsoNewcomenandSavery，pioneersofthesteamengine.BabbagewentuptoCambridgein1810andwithsomefriendseffectedthecrucialintroductionoftheLeibniznotationforthecalculus，whichtransformedmathematicsinCambridgeandthusthroughoutBritain.In1814Babbagemarried7,GeorgianaWhitmore，fromalandowningShropshirefamily.Herhalfbrother，WolrycheWhitmore，wastheM.P.whoroseyearafteryearintheHouseofCommonstomovetherepealoftheCornLaws.HewasalsoaleadingmemberofthePoliticalEconomyClub，andplayedanimportantpartinBabbage’slife.Babbage’sgreatestachievementwashisdetailedplansforCalculatingEngines，boththetable-makingDifferenceEnginesandthefarmoreambitiousAnalyticalEngines，whichwereflexibleandpowerful，punched-cardcontrolledgeneralpurposecalculaters，embodyingmanyfeatureswhichlaterreappearedinthemodernstoredprogramcomputer.Thesefeaturesincluded：punchedcardcontrol；separatestoreandmill；asetofinternalregisters（thetableaxes）；fastmultiplier/divider；arangeofperipherals；evenarrayprocessing.IthasoftenbeenaskedwhetherBabbage’sEngineswouldhaveworkediftheyhadbeenbuilt.Thismaynotbeanentirelymeaningfulquestion：muchcangowrongduringsuchaproject，whileontheotherhandnewsolutionsmaybefoundtoanyproblemswhichmightappearduringconstruction.Howeverthequestioncanbeputslightlydifferently：wouldithavebeentechnicallyfeasiblefor，say，BabbageandWhitworthtoconstructanAnalyticalEngineduringthe1850s？Twentyfiveyearsago，afteracarefulinvestigation，AnthonyHymanandthelateMauriceTraskformedtheopinionthatconstructionofBabbage’sEngineswouldhavebeenquitepossible.Theproblemswerefinancialandorganizational，buttechnicallytheprojectinitselfwasperfectlyfeasible.Theyproposedaplan：firstconstructDE2（theSecondDifferenceEngine；then，ifwishedDE1，oraversionofDE2with“travellingplatforms”；andfinallyacompleteAnalyticalEngine，probablyfollowingplan28A.Aftermuchworkbymanypeople，andparticularlybyDrAllanBromley，ateamattheScienceMuseumledbyDoronSwadebuiltacompleteversionofDE2.Itwasatriumphantsuccess，vindicatingBabbage’stechnicalwork.However，thefarmoreambitioustaskofconstructinganAnalyticalEngineremainstobeundertaken.BesidestheCalculatingEnginesBabbagehasanextraordinaryrangeofachievementstohiscredit：hewroteaconsumerguidetolifeassurance；pioneeredlighthousesignalling；scatteredtechnicalideasandinventionsinmagnificentprofusion；developedmathematicalcodebreaking（Prof.FranksenhasplausiblysuggestedthatBabbageranaprivateBletchleyParkfortheBritishgovernmentinthemiddleofthe19thcentury）.Babbagewasalsoanimportantpoliticaleconomist.WhereAdamSmiththoughtagriculturewasthefoundationofanation’swealth；whereRicardo’sideaswerefocusedoncorn：Babbageforthefirsttimeauthoritativelyplacedthefactoryoncentrestage.Babbagegaveahighlyoriginaldiscussionofthedivisionoflabour，whichwasfollowedbyJohnStuartMill.Babbage’sdiscussionoftheeffectofthedevelopmentofproductiontechnologyonthesizeoffactorieswastakenupbyMarx，andwasfundamentaltoMarxisttheoryofcapitalistsocio-economicdevelopment.AcasecanalsobemadethatBabbagehadaninfluenceonWilliamStanleyJevons，andwasthusalsoapioneerofmarginalvaluetheory.However，thelatterremainstobeproved.FortwentyfiveyearsCharlesBabbagewasaleadingfigureinLondonsociety，andhisgloriousSaturdayeveningsoires，attendedbytwoorthreehundredpeople，wereameetingplaceforEurope’sliberalintelligentsia.7
