Unit2Englisharoundtheworld,Usinglanguageandreadinginworkbook,汉语方言分布图,Thereisnosuchthingas“standardEnglish”.WhatpeopleusuallymeanbythisisgrammaticalEnglish.However,therearemanyvariantsofwhatisconsideredstandardorgrammaticalwaysofsayingthings.Thesevariantsarecalleddialects.AllcountrieshavedialectsandbecausetheUSAissolargeithasmanytoo.Leadin,standard标准,规格dialect方言southern南部的midwestern中西部的Spanish西班牙的Newwords,playapart扮演一个角色eastern东部的northwestern西北方的recognize辨认出,认出,1.WhyaretheresomanydialectsintheUS?Becausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.It’sbelievedtobetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradio.2.What’sthestandardEnglish?Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.,3.CanyoutellaninterestingorfunnystorythatshowsgreatdifferencebetweendialectsinChinese/English?,Example:keysorkissOnefriendofminewasgivinganEnglishlessontoaclassofadultswhohadrecentlycometoliveintheUnitedStates.Afterplacingquiteanumberofeverydayobjectsonatableheaskedvariousmembersoftheclasstogivehimtheruler,thebook,thepen,andsoon.Theclasswentverysmoothly,andthestudentsseemedinterestedandseriousabouttheworkthattheywereengagedinuntilmyfriendturnedtoanItalianandsaid,“Givemethekeys.”Themanlookedsurprisedandsomewhatataloss(有点手足无措).Seeingthis,myfriendthoughtthat,thestudenthadn’theardhimclearly,soherepeated,“Givemethekeys.”TheItalianshrugged(耸肩)hisshoulders.Then,hethrewhisarmsaroundtheteacher’sneckandkissedhimonbothcheeks.,InChina,therearesomanylocaldialectsalthoughthegovernmentencouragethewholenationtospeakputonghua,whichregardedas“standard”Chinese.However,localpeoplealsospeaktheirowndialects.,DiscussionWorkinpairs.DiscussanyChinesedialectsyouknowoforcanspeak.,1.WhatisstandardEnglish?什么是标准英语?standard(n.)标准,规格(adj.)标准的meetstandard符合标准standardofliving生活水平onastandard根据某一标准Languagepoints,Themountainsarenothigh____worldstandard.A.byB.atC.toD.on,2.Believeitornot,there’snosuchathingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你,世界上没有所谓的标准英语。believeitornot信不信由你Believeitornot,allthepeoplepresenthaveagreedtotheplan.,3.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员讲极好的英语。,这是一个主从复合句。主句是Thisis,从句是由because引导的表语从句:thosewereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.在表语从句中又含有一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰表语从句的主语those。,当一个句子的主语为this,that或it时，可以用because引导表语从句。如：Thatisbecausehedoesn’tlikecoffee.那是因为他不喜欢咖啡。Itmaybebecausetheexamwastoodifficult.那或许是因为考试太难了。,4.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.然而,甚至在电视上或收音机里都会听到人们在说话时的差异。theway后面接定语从句时,关系代词用that/inwhich或不用关系代词。Ididitinthewaythat/inwhichyoutaughtme.,Idon’tlike___youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,5.AmericaEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallytheMidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.美国英语有很多方言,尤其是在中西部,南部,黑人和西班牙方言。,especially尤其,表达事物不寻常或特别重要specially专门(指专为某一目的)Ourgardenisbeautiful,especiallyinautumn.Icameherespeciallytoseeyou.,Africanadj.非洲的InthenewAfricancountriesthegovernmentsaretryingtoprovideeducationforadults.n.非洲人FishisastapleinthedietofmanyAfricans.,Spanishadj.西班牙的aSpanishdancen.西班牙语DoyouspeakSpanish?,6.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。playapartin的意思是：起重要作用；扮演角色。Hehasplayedanimportantpartinsavingthegirl.HewasinvitedtoplayapartinthisTVplay.,拓展：playarolein与playapartin的意思相同，常可以互换。表示“扮演角色”还可以用act,acta/theroleof等。如：WhoisactingHamlet?SheisactingtheroleofJuliet.,[即学即练]根据括号内的提示，用playapartin的适当形式完成句子。1.MyfriendJimislookingforwardto______________________（扮演角色的机会）thisseries.2.Agooddiet______________________________________（在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用）.playsalargepartinhelpingpeoplelivelongerachancetoplayapartin,7.AlthoughmanyAmericamovealot,theystillrecognizeeachother’sdialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬家,但他们仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。recognize意为：认出，承认，认可，常构成短语recognize...as/tobe...，表示：把…看做；recognizesb.bysth.表示：从/根据某物认出某人。,1.Ihadn’tseenherfor20years,butIrecognizedherassoonasshecameintotheroom.2.Thegovernmentrefusedtorecognizethenewschool.3.Heisrecognizedtobe/astheirnaturalleader.4.Irecognizedherbyherredhair.,Activity1不同学生用家乡方言说出同一句话，体会不同地区的方言；Activity2学生说出他们知道或者听过的方言；Activity3学生讨论以下问题：WhydoesthegovernmentencourageustospeakPutonghua?Groupactivity,TheOxfordEnglishDictionaryReadingtaskonP51,Howitbegan1857:ThePhilologicalSocietyofLondoncallsforanewEnglishDictionaryMoreworkthantheythought1884:Fiveyearsintoaproposedten-yearprojectTheOxfordEnglishDictionary的历史,Onestepatatime1884-1928:TheDictionaryispublishedinfasciclesKeepingitcurrent1933-1986:SupplementstotheOEDMakingitmodern1980s:TheSupplementsareintegratedwiththeOEDtoproduceitsSecondEdition,Intotheelectronicage1992:ThefirstCD-ROMversionoftheOEDispublishedThefuturehasbegunThepresent:TheOEDisnowbeingfullyrevised,withnewmaterialpublishedinpartsonline,DoyouknowwhoisthewriterofTheOxfordEnglishDictionary?JamesMurray,SamuelJohnson,andNoahWebster.,SamuelJohnson(1709-84)NoahWebster,JamesA.H.Murrayhardworking,intelligent,determined,etc,NoteonJamesMurray’slifeCountryEducationJobScotlandNoformaleducation,taughthimselfwhileworkingWorkedinabankbeforebeginningtocompiletheOEDMakenotesaboutMurray’slifeaccordingtothepassage.,NoteonJamesMurray’slifeMostimportanttaskcompilingthefirsteditionoftheOEDItsdifficulties:1wordedinashedinhisgardenandbehindhishouse2verycoldasitwasonemetreunderground,NoteonJamesMurray’slifeMostimportanttask3noheating;hehadtowearacoatandputhisfeetinaboxtokeepwarm4noelectriclight;heworkedatnightwithcandles,NoteonJamesMurray’slifeMostimportanttaskQualitiesneeded:1commitment2perseverance3accuracy,WhoworkedontheitDateofcompletionOtherinformationAtfirstjustJamesMurray;laterhistwodaughters;finishedbyotherseditorsafterhisdeath1928Firsteditiontookforty-fouryearstocompile,I.根据句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。1.Hisworkdoesnotreachthe________(标准).2.DoyouspeakSichuan_____(方言)?3.I’vebeenstudying_______(西班牙语)forthreemonths.standarddialectSpanish,4.Thoughheisyoung,hecanspeake_______English.5.L_______alwayscomesbeforethunder.6.Wecan’tgettherebybus,sowehavetousethes_____.excellentLightningsubway,II.请用下列词组的适当形式填空。believeitornot;beexpectedto;byunderground;payattentionto;playanimportantpart;intheway1.Somepeopledon’tliketogotowork______________.2.Theheadmaster___________________inthegoodrunningofaschool.byundergroundplaysanimportantpart,3.______________,heisreallyaforeigner.4.Youwill_____________workonSaturdays.5.Please______________thedifferencebetweenthetwowords.payattentiontoBelieveitornotbeexpectedto,根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。1.我承认自己犯了一个错误（recognize）2.你在童年时读过的书对你以后的职业选择会产生一定的影响。（playapartin）IrecognizedthatIhadmadeamistake.Thebooksyoureadasachildcanplayapartinthejobyouhavelaterinlife.,3.我给他们送去鲜花表示感谢。（expression）4.他直接到朋友那儿请求帮助。（straight）Isentthemfreshflowersasanexpressionofthanks.Hewentstraighttohisfriendtoaskforhelp.,1.Reviewthewordsandlanguagepointswehavelearntinthisunit.2.Translation(1)他们已经请求国际援助。(2)带着有礼貌的微笑,她走了出去。(3)他出去工作了半年,因为有病没能结束工作就回来了。(4)他喜欢发号施令,但没有人愿意听他的。Homework,?HowmanydialectsarethereinChina?,DialectsfamilyinChina北方方言吴语闽南语客家话湘语赣语粤语Chinese,DialectsinGuangdongprovince粤方言客方言闽方言代表地区梅州代表地区广州代表地区潮汕地区,
