人教课标高二选修6 Unit1,Unit1Art,虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood(I),虚拟语气在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。本节课我们主要学习if条件从句和wish后的宾语从句中表示现在或将来情况的虚拟语气的用法。,【观察体会】请看下图及对话，体会表示现在的虚拟语气的用法。,A:Whydon’tourgrandchildrenvisitusmoreoften?B:Theydon’thaveenoughtime.Iftheyhadmoretime,they’dvisitusmoreoften.,A:IwonderwhyFredworkssohard.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustlikehisjob.A:Ifhedidn’tlikehisjob,hewouldn’tworksohard.,A:Doyouenjoydrivingaschoolbus?B:Notreally.IwishIdroveataxi.,A:CanJonathandance?B:No,hecan’t,buthewisheshecould.Ifhecoulddance,he’dgodancingeverynight.,一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。虚拟语气e.g.IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.,Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…,IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.,IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.,IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldgoshopping.,a.Ifthey_____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappen,c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask,Chooseoneofthetopicsanddiscussitingroups.1.Youhadadreamthatyouwereateacher.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereateacher?2.Supposeyouwonalotofmoney.Whatwouldyoudowiththemoney?,IfI_____ateacher,Iwould…were,(2)与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had＋过去分词,构成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。,Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad,IfI__________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeen,a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaught,c.IfI________(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone,SolveproblemsThestudentsfailedtheEnglishexam.Couldyougivehimsomesuggestions?,(3)与将来事实相反从句的谓语用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might＋动词原形。,Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.,Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.,假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.,a.Ifthere_________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetup,c.IfRobots______________(control)theworldsomeday,here_________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。e.g.Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。,Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.,条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去时(were)would/could/should/might+v.(原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来1.过去时2.should+v.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+v.(原),二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。(1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。,IwishIwereastallasyou.,Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.,Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。,Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.,(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would＋动词原形”。注意:主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。e.g.但愿你立刻来。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,e.g.我们建议汤姆去休息一下。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.他坚决要求我到场。,Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.e.g.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋v.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,e.g.It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.,insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法e.g.Sheinsistedthatshewasright.她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）Hisuncleinsiststhatheshouldnotstayinthehotel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。,e.g.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.,3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…你该走了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.(should不可省略)should+v.过去时,我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.,asif/asthough由asif(asthough)或eventhough(eventhough)引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had＋过去分词”。,Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.),ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshehadbeenthereherself.,他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.,4.wouldrather(that)现在：过去：将来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时,关于虚拟语气辩析1,关于虚拟语气辩析2,关于虚拟语气辩析3,关于虚拟语气辩析4,关于虚拟语气辩析5,根据语境或括号内的提示，用虚拟语气完成下列对话。,1.A:Whydoesn’tSallygetgoodgrades?B:Shedoesn’tstudyenough.If___________________________________________2.A:Whydon’tIfeelenergetic?B:Youdon’tsleepenough.If_____________________________________shestudiedenough,she’dgetgoodgrades.yousleptenough,you’dfeelenergetic.,3.A:IwonderwhyAlanmakessomanymistakes.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustbecareless.A:You’reprobablyright.If___________________________________________________________heweren’tcareless,hewouldn’tmakesomanymistakes.,4.A:DoesMr.Robinsonenjoybeingateacher?B:Notreally.___________________________(anactor)Hewisheshewereanactor.,5.A:DoesSarahenjoyhavingtwopart-timejobs?B:Notreally.______________________________________(onegoodfulltimejob)Shewishesshehadonegoodfull-timejob.,6.A:CanSteveuseacomputer?B:No,hecan’t,buthewisheshecould._________________________________________________(beabletogetabetterjob)Ifhecoulduseacomputer,he’dbeabletogetabetterjob.,句型练习(用IfIwereyou句型翻译下列句子)1.我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework,
