Unit3Underthesea海下景观WarmingUp&Readingzxxkw学科网学.科.网,Ⅰ.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？1.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词及其拓展形式。(1)_______(vt.)当场见到；目击(n.)目击者；证人；证据(2)_____(n.)岸；海滨(3)_____(vi.&n.)暂停；中止(4)_____(vt.)拖；拉；扯witnessshorepausedrag,(5)____(vi.)催促；极力主张；驱策(6)________(vi.)放弃；遗弃；抛弃(7)annual(adj.)每年的；按年度计算的(n.)年刊；年鉴→________(adv.)一年一次地(8)accommodation(n.)住所；住宿→____________(vt.)为……提供住宿(9)depth(n.)深(度)；深处→_____(adj.)深切的；深的→_______(vt.)加深(10)conserve(vt.)保存，保护→___________(n.)保存，保护urgeabandonannuallyaccommodatedeepdeepenconservation,2.短语互译。(1)atthebeginningof_____________(2)____________听说(3)_______整理(4)________在……前面(5)raceafter_____(6)inthemeantime__________________(7)_______举起(8)helpout________________________在……开始时hearof/aboutsortoutaheadof追赶在此期间,与此同时holdup帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难,Ⅱ.语篇导读根据文章完成下列表格。ThrowLeadyelledraced,breathingfleeingAimeddraggedturningrelationshipzxxkw学科网,【读·悟·思】Generalizethemainideaofthepassageusingabout30words.ThepassagetellsustwostoriesaboutakillerwhaleOldTom.,1.★witnessvt.当场见到；目击n.目击者；证人；证据①Ithought，atthetime，thatthiswasjustastorybutthenIwitnesseditwithmyowneyesmanytimes.当时我以为这只是个故事，但是后来我亲眼见证过多次。②China’srapiddevelopmentinthelastyearshaswitnessedapowerfulandprosperouscountry.中国近几年的快速发展见证了中国是一个强大繁荣的国家。,【拓展】(1)witnessto...(to为介词)证实，证明……bewitnessedby由……证明(2)beawitnessto是……的证据/证人bearwitnessto做……的证人，为……作证,③Inthepastthesealevelwasmuchhigher,asiswitnessedbyremnantsofraisedbeaches.过去海平面要高得多，这些高出来的海岸遗迹可以作证。④Hisgoodhealthisawitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.他的健康是治疗成功的证据。⑤NewYork’sgrandbuildingsbearwitnesstothecity’smagnificentpast.纽约的雄伟建筑是该城市过去辉煌的见证。,【助记】一语言尽witnessThewitnesswhowitnessedtheaccidentgavewitnesstothepoliceandpromisedtobeawitness.这个目击了这场事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。,【即学即练】用witness的适当形式填空①Recentyearshave_________manynaturaldisasters.②Two________promisedtoappearatthecourt.③Thetestsbear_______tothequalityofthisnewcar.witnessedwitnesseswitness,2.accommodationn.住所；住宿①HotelaccommodationisbarelyadequateduringtheOlympicGames.奥运会期间，旅馆房间很难满足。,【拓展】(1)make/offeraccommodationsfor为……提供食宿arrangesb.’saccommodation给某人安排住处(2)accommodatevt.向……提供住处(或食宿)；容纳，招待住宿；供应，供给；使适应，使适合，调节to...适应……accommodate...to...(=adapt...to...)使……适应……oneselfto(=adaptoneselfto)使某人适应,②Thetravelagencyhasarrangedouraccommodations.旅行社已为我们安排了住宿。③Iquicklyneededtoaccommodatetothenewschedule.我需要迅速适应新的时间表。,【即学即练】用accommodate的适当形式填空①Aftertheearthquake,thefirstthingthelocalgovernmentdidwastoprovide______________forthehomelessfamilies.②Thehallcan____________5,000people.accommodationaccommodate,3.oppositeprep.在……对面adj.相对的；相反的①Werandowntotheshoreintimetoseeanenormousanimaloppositeusthrowingitselfoutofthewaterandthencrashingdownagain.我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。,②Thebankisoppositethesupermarket.银行在超市对面。③Shehurriedawayintheoppositedirection.她朝着相反的方向匆匆离去了。,【拓展】opposevt.反对opposedadj.反对的，不同的beopposedto反对……opposingadj.对抗的oppositionn.反对；反抗④TheyareallopposedtonamingthehighschoolafterMartin.他们都反对以马丁的名字命名这所高中。,【即学即练】完成句子①与我的房子相对的那幢房子属于我父亲。Thehouse________________belongstomyfather.②我看到小偷朝相反的方向跑了。Isawthethiefrun_____________________.③我非常反对你出国。Iamverymuch__________________________.opposite(to)mineintheoppositedirectionopposedtoyourgoingabroad,4.pausevi.＆n.暂停；中止①Withoutpausingwejumpedintotheboatwiththeotherwhalersandheadedoutintothebay.一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。【拓展】pausetodosth.停下做某事givesb.pause使某人认真考虑withoutpause不停pauseforbreath/thought稍作喘息/思考,②Thewomanspokealmostwithoutpausingforbreath.那个女人说话像放连珠炮似的。③Therainfellwithoutpauseyesterday.昨天雨不停地下。,【即学即练】完成句子①那个警察停下来看了看四周。Thepoliceman____________________.②在会谈停顿的时候，他喝了一杯茶。Hedrankacupoftea_______________intheconversation.pausedtolookaroundduringthepause,5.fleevi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离①Andthoseothersarestoppingitdivingorfleeingouttosea,...而其他那些(虎鲸)则阻止它潜水或逃到海里去,……②Tomwasluckytofleetheburninghotel.汤姆很幸运地逃出了失火的旅馆。,【拓展】flee(from)从……逃跑fleeto/into逃到……fleeinalldirections/everydirection四处逃窜③HefledtoLondonafteranargumentwithhisfamily.他与家人争吵后离家去了伦敦。,【辨析】flee侧重指逃走的急速和仓促，着重动作本身escape主要指逃脱某人的追捕或阻拦，设法逃跑，重在结果,【助记】Theenemysoldierswerefleeinginalldirections,butfewofthemcouldescape.敌人四散逃窜，但是很少能逃出去。,【即学即练】用flee和escape填空①Color____fromhercheeksquickly.②Twoprisonershave_______.fledescaped,6.dragvt.拖；拉；扯①Withinamomentortwo，itsbodywasdraggedswiftlybythekillersdownintothedepthsofthesea.不一会儿，它的尸体就被虎鲸迅速地拖向深海中去了。②Theydraggedherfromherbed.他们把她从床上拽了起来。,【拓展】dragdown使健康情况变坏；使道德水平或社会地位下降dragaway拖走dragup提起(不愿回忆或谈论的事)③Ifhefails,he’lldragusalldownwithhim.要是他失败了，他会使我们大家连同他一起毁掉的。,【辨析】drag指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖拉十分沉重的人或物，作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来draw指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳、从容的意味，常作借喻用pull其包含drag和draw的一些意思，指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作，是push的反义词,【助记】图示“拖”与“拉”,【即学即练】用drag,draw和pull填空①Mybrother________aheavyboxoutofacupboard.②They______hard,butthebigrockremainedimmovable.③Please_____thecurtainacrossthewindow.draggedpulleddraw,7.depthn.深(度)；深处①Theiceinthelakeistenfeetindepth.这个湖里的冰有十英尺深。②What’sthedepthofthewell?这口井有多深？,【拓展】outofone’sdepth超出某人的理解能力；为某人力所不及；在水深没顶(或够不着)的地方indepth全面；深入；详细inthedepthsof...在……深处；在极度……中③Hewasinthedepthsofdespair.他处于绝望的深渊。,【想一想】名词depth是由形容词deep去e加上th构成的，若加上en则构成动词，想一想还有哪些可以这样变化的词？【拓展延伸】常见的可以这样变化的形容词有:high(adj.)→height(n.)→heighten(v.)wide(adj.)→width(n.)→widen(v.)long(adj.)→length(n.)→lengthen(v.)strong(adj.)→strength(n.)→strengthen(v.),【即学即练】一句多译这个湖有10米深。①Thelake________________.②Thelake___________________.istenmetersdeepistenmetersindepth,8.★urgevt.催促；极力主张；驱策①“Manoverboard！Turntheboataround！”urgedGeorge，shoutingloudly.乔治边催促,边大声喊道:“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”,【拓展】(1)urgesb.todosth.催促某人干某事urgesth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进urgethat...(should)do...催促……(2)urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的beinurgentneedof急需urgentlyadv.紧急地;急迫地urgencyn.急切，迫切,②Thereporturgedthatallchildren(should)betaughttoswim.这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。③PremierWenurgedthemtorescuetheminerstrappedintheminewithalltheirmight.温总理催促他们全力营救困在井下的矿工们。④Thelawisinurgentneedofreform.这项法律亟待修订。,【即学即练】句型转换①Theteacherurgedtheworktobefinishedbefore6p.m.→Theteacherurgedthatthework_________________before6p.m.②Weneedsomemedicinebadly.→Weare_______________somemedicine.(should)befinishedinurgentneedof,9.abandonvt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃①FromJames’face，Icouldseehewasterrifiedofbeingabandonedbyus.从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。②Thecruelmanabandonedhiswifeandchildfinally.那个狠心的男人最终抛弃了他的妻儿。,【拓展】(1)abandononeselfto...沉溺于……，纵情于……abandondoingsth.放弃做某事(2)abandonedadj.无约束的；无度的；放荡的abandonmentn.遗弃；抛弃；离弃；放弃；舍弃,③Heabandonedhimselftodespairforsomereason.他因某种原因陷入了绝望。④Mygrandfatherabandonedsmokinglastyear.去年我爷爷戒烟了。,【辨析】abandon强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的；表示“抛弃”“离开”时，与desert同义；表示“放弃，停止做某事”时与giveup同义desert常指逃避法律责任或义务，违背誓约等，有责难之意quit指停止或放弃信仰、行动等cancel指取消原定的计划或安排giveup普通用语，指无希望或因外界压力而放弃,【即学即练】用abandon,desert,cancel,quit或giveup填空①Theydecidedto________/______thecamp.②Althoughfailingmanytimes,hedidn’t_______________theattempt.③Thefootballmatchwas________becauseofthebadweather.④Weonlyjuststarted.We’renotgoingto____now.abandondesertabandon/giveupcanceledquit,10.★help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难①WhatevidencewastherethatOldTomwashelpingthewhalersout?有什么证据表明老汤姆在帮助捕鲸人摆脱困境？②Wheneversheheardsomeonehadtrouble,shewouldgotohelpout.每当听到有人有困难，她就去帮助解决。,【拓展】helpsb.withsth.帮助某人某事helponeselfto随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事can’thelpdosth.不能帮忙做某事withthehelpof在……的帮助下,借助,③“Thingslostnevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.“失去的永远不会再来！”我不禁自言自语。④Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstanceshavebeendiscoveredinthepastyears.在高科技的帮助下，过去这些年发现了越来越多的新物质。,【即学即练】完成句子①谢谢你帮助我摆脱困境。Thankyoufor_____________.②对不起，我不能帮助你做家务了。Sorry,butI____________________housework.③听到这个笑话，我们禁不住笑了。Hearingthejoke,we____________________.helpingmeoutcan’thelpyoudo/withcouldn’thelplaughing,11.OntheafternoonIarrivedatthestation，asIwassortingoutmyaccommodation，Iheardaloudnoisecomingfromthebay.有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在找住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一声巨响。【分析】1)OntheafternoonIarrivedatthestation，asIwassortingoutmyaccommodation，Iheardaloudnoise(comingfromthebay).时间状语定语从句时间状语从句主句作宾语补足语,2)句中现在分词短语comingfromthebay作aloudnoise的宾语补足语。IheardalittlegirlreadingEnglishwordswhenIpassedbythewindow.当我经过窗户的时候，我听到一个小女孩正在读英文单词。,【即学即练】仿写句子在我看电视时，我听到有人敲门。IheardsomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIwaswatchingTV.,12.Itwasatimewhenthekillerwhales,or“killers”astheywerethencalled,helpedthewhalerscatchthebaleenwhalesthatwereontheirannualmigration.那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。,【分析】1)主干句Itwasatimewhen引导定语从句whenthekillerwhales,or“killers”,helpedthewhalerscatchthebaleenwhalesas引导定语从句astheywerethencalledthat引导定语从句thatwereontheirannualmigration.,2)when引导定语从句，其先行词通常指时间，常译成“……的日子/时间”。①I’mwaitingforatimewhenIcandowhateverIwant.我一直在等一个时刻，在这个时刻我可以做自己想做的任何事。②WewillrememberthedaywhenVaryag—China’sfirstaircraftcarrierstarteditsfirstseatrialforever.我们将永远记住瓦良格——中国第一艘航母海试的日子。,【即学即练】仿写句子2012年6月29日是“神舟”九号飞船成功返回地球的那一天。June29,2012wasthedaywhenShenzhouⅨspaceshipreturnedtotheearthsuccessfully.,13.Thiswasthecallthatannouncedtherewasabouttobeawhalehunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。【分析】1)Thiswasthecallthatannounced(therewasabouttobeawhalehunt).主句定语从句宾语从句,2)句中beabouttodosth.表示“立刻/马上做某事”，常与when连用。①Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.我正要出去这时电话铃响了。②Mymotherwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.我妈妈正要离开时天下起雨来了。,【即学即练】仿写句子那是宣布比赛马上就要开始的哨声。Thatwasthewhistlethatannouncedthematchwasabouttostart.,14.Afewminuteslater,therewasnoTom,soGeorgestartedbeatingthewaterwithhisoarandtherewasTom,circlingbacktotheboat,leadingustothehuntagain.【分析】1)本句是一个由so连接的并列句，表示因果关系。2)在第二个并列句中，and又连接两个并列句。3)circlingbacktotheboat,leadingustothehuntagain是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随动作，分词与主句主语之间是主动关系。,①Theoldmanwasseatedintheyard,readinganovel.老人坐在院子里看小说。②Hesatthereallday,doingnothing.他成天坐在那里，什么也不干。,【即学即练】将上面的句子翻译成汉语几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用桨拍打水面，汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。,15.IttookoverhalfanhourtogettheboatbacktoJames，andwhenweapproachedhim，IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheldupinthewaterbyOldTom.我们花了半个多小时才把船调过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着詹姆斯。【分析】1)and连接两个并列分句。2)第一个分句属于“Ittakes/tooksometimetodosth.”句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。,3)第二个并列分句为复合句，when引导时间状语从句。①Ittooktheartistthreeyearstodrawahorseinfiveminutes.在5分钟内画完一匹马花费了这位画家三年的时间。②ItwasrainingwhenIgotupinthemorning.我今天早上起床的时候天正在下雨。,【即学即练】仿写句子她花了几乎一整天的时间去寻找她的小狗。当她找到它的时候，她看见它正被一个小女孩牵着。Ittookheralmostawholedaytolookforherdogandwhenshefoundit,shesawitbeingtiedbyalittlegirl.,,Ⅰ.阅读理解Dolphinsarenotfish,butwarm-bloodedanimals.Theyliveingroups,andspeaktoeachotherintheirownlanguage.Inthiswaytheyarelikeotheranimals,suchasbeesandbirds.Butdolphinsareverydifferentfromalmostalllandanimals.Theirbrainsarenearlythesamesizeasourownandtheylivealonglife—atleasttwentyorthirtyyears.,Likesomeanimals,dolphinsusesoundtohelpthemfindtheirwayaround.Theyalsomakethesesoundstotalktoeachotherandtohelpthemfindfood.Wenowknowtheydonotusetheirearstoreceivethesesounds,butthelowerpartofthemouthcalledthejaw.,Strangely,dolphinsseemtolikeman,andforthousandsofyearstherehavebeenstoriesaboutthedolphinanditsfriendshipwithpeople.Thereisastoryaboutsailorsinthe19thcentury.InadangerouspartoftheseaofthecoastofNewZealand,theylearnttolookforadolphincalledJack.From1871to1903Jackmeteveryboatintheareaandshowedittheway.Thenin1903apassengeronaboatcalledthePenguinshotandwoundedJack.Herecoveredandfornineyearsmorecontinuedtoguideallshipsthroughthearea—exceptforThePenguin.,Today,somepeoplecontinuetokilldolphins,butmanycountriesoftheworldnowprotectthemandintheseplacesitisagainstthelawtokillthem.,1.Dolphinsaredifferentfrommanyotheranimalsbecausethey_______.A.liveingroupsB.havelargebrainsC.arewarm-bloodedD.havetheirownlanguage【解析】选B。由文章第一段最后两句可知，海豚与众不同的是它们的大脑与人脑的大小接近，大于几乎所有其他动物的大脑。故B项正确。,2.Whichofthefollowingdoesthedolphinusetohelpitfinditswayaround?A.Itsnose.B.Itsears.C.Itsmouth.D.Itseyes.【解析】选C。由文章第二段最后一句“Wenowknowtheydonotusetheirearstoreceivethesesounds,butthelowerpartofthemouthcalledthejaw.”可知答案为C项。,3.WhydidthesailorsofthecoastofNewZealandlookforJack?A.Becausehewaslonelyandlikedtobewithpeople.B.Becausetheyenjoyedplayingwithhim.C.Becausehewasseriouslywounded.D.Becausetheywantedhishelp.【解析】选D。由文章第三段倒数第三句“From1871to1903Jackmeteveryboatintheareaandshowedittheway.”可知选D项。,4.BytellingthestoryofJackthewriterwantedtoshowthat______.A.dolphinsarefriendlyandcleverB.peoplearecrueltoanimalsC.JackisdifferentfromotherdolphinsD.dolphinsshouldbeprotectedbylaw【解析】选A。由文章第三段第一句“Strangely,dolphinsseemtolikeman,andforthousandsofyearstherehavebeenstoriesaboutthedolphinanditsfriendshipwithpeople.”以及全文可知选A项。,5.ThePenguinmentionedinthepassagereferredto_______.A.apassengerB.arealpenguinC.ashipD.asailor【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的Thenin1903apassengeronaboatcalledThePenguin...可知。,Ⅱ.信息匹配下面A、B、C、D、E和F分别是六个商业巨头(比尔·盖茨等)面临关键时刻所作抉择的简单介绍。1～5题是关于一个企业管理者在关键时刻要作出抉择的种种情形。阅读完后，请选出每一种情形和他们的抉择相对应的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。,AIn1968,H．WayneHuizengateamedwithapartnertocreateanationwidecompanyforwastecollection,abusinesstraditionallymadeupofsmall,localcompanies.Thenewcompany,WasteManagement,Inc.,becamethefoundationofhisfortune.,BWhileattendingHarvardUniversityin1975,BillGatesteamedwithPaulAllentodevelopaversionoftheBASICprogramminglanguagefortheAltair8800,thefirstpersonalcomputer.TheylicensedthesoftwaretothemanufactureroftheAltairandformedMicrosoft(originallyMicro-soft)todevelopversionsofBASICforothercomputercompanies.Gatesdecidedtodropout(退学)ofHarvardinhisjunioryeartodevotehistimetoMicrosoft.,CIn1963,TedTurnertookoverhisfamilybillboard—advertisingbusiness.In1970heboughtafailingUHF(ultrahighfrequency)televisionstationinAtlanta,Georgia,andby1975Turnerhadtransformeditintothefirst“superstation”—WTBS,bytransmitting(传送)low-costsportsandentertainmentprogramsviasatellitetocablesystemsthroughoutthecountry.,DIn1986,OprahWinfreyformedHarpoProductionstoproduceherownshowandotherprojects.Withdistributionrights(销售权)tohershows,Winfreyusedprofitstoexpandherbusinessactivities.By1998Winfreywasworth$675million.EMicrosoftfounderBillGatesplannedtogiveawayalmostallofhisvastfortune,largelytothecauseofglobalhealth.HavingalreadytheBill&MelindaGatesFoundationwith$24billiontoaddressglobalhealthissues,Gatessaidthateventuallyhisentirefortunewouldbeputtowardsthecauseexcept“afewpercentleftforthekids”．,FAmazon.comfounderJeffBezosgrewinterestedinonlineretailing(零售业)in1994whileworkingasabusinessanalystinNewYorkCity.Afterresearchingintothesuccessofdifferentmail-ordercompaniesBezosdecidedthatbooksweretheperfectproducttoseeviatheInternet.ThatyearheleftNewYorktoestablishhisnewcompanyinSeattle,chosenforitsbeingneartomajorbookwholesalersandtheadvancedhigh-techindustry.InJuly1995Amazon.comdevelopeditswebsite,andhasexpandedtooffermanyotherretailproductsinadditiontobookssincethen.,1.Yourunabillboard-advertisingbusinessthatyouinherited(继承)fromyourfather,andyouaregoingtoexpandinnewdirections.Whatdoyoudo?2.Youareasuccessfultalk-showhost,andhavejustachievednationalrecognition(认可)．Youwantmorecontroloveryourshow,andagreatershareofitsprofits.Whatdoyoudo?3.Youarestillincollege,buttogetherwithafriendyouhaveestablishedasoftwarecompanythatdealswithmajorcorporations.Whatdoyoudo?,4.Youareasuccessfulbusinessanalyst,andcometothinkthatthemail-orderbusinessmodelcouldbeadaptedtoonlinebooksales.Whatdoyoudo?5.Youownseveralhighlyprofitablewaste-collectionroutes.ThegovernmenthasrecentlyissuedtheSolidWasteDisposalAct,increasingstandardsofhygiene(卫生)inwastedisposal.Whatdoyoudo?答案:1～5.CDBFA,
