考纲解读 <br />高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。分析近几年的高考英语试 <br />题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。阅读理 <br />解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节 <br />以及复杂句子的能力。不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。除此之外，还涉及非语 <br />言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。 <br />考情分析 <br />纵观近几年各地英语试卷，阅读理解题有如下特点： <br />1．突出语用，体裁多样，题材丰富 <br />阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等，涉及的话题新颖广泛，体现了其多样化、 <br />现代化和生活化的特点，综合反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点，体 <br />现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。 <br />2．信息密集，句子优美，结构复杂 <br />阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息。 <br />阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味、语言地道、纯正优美，而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度。各篇或在时 <br />间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段。结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略 <br />句以及插入语等也随处可见。 <br />3．细节为主，推理随后，主旨突出 <br />阅读理解题型分布合理，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题几乎每年都考。各个题型的分布已 <br />逐步成熟且趋于平稳。阅读理解分为五大题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和篇章结 <br />构题。 <br />考点 1 主旨大意之精确归纳标题 <br />真题解密 <br />Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I <br />was lucky：I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I <br />didn’t realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew <br />bigger，faster planes，and in worse weather，I learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理)，or <br />CRM，a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good <br />result，regardless of positions. <br />I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying in bad <br />weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying；I <br />was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起 <br />落架) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to：Our lives <br />were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said ， “We need to put the landing gear down <br />now！”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM，and I’ve used it in the operating room <br />ever since. <br />CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when <br />opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn’t overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors <br />from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from <br />others.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday <br />someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”． (2019·新课标全国Ⅱ，A) <br />36．What does the author ...
