2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案 <br />(单项选择 名词) <br />一、名词表示人或事物的名称。按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。 <br /> 1. 表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月等专有名词, 开头第一个字母要大写。 <br /> 2. 由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。如：the United States。 <br />分类 <br />含义 <br />示例 <br />专有名词 <br />表示特定的人、地方、事物、机构等名词的统称 <br />April, China, the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People <br />普通名词 <br />可数名词 <br />个体名词 <br />表示某类人或事物中的个体 <br />dictionary, pencil, chair, window, table, book, bike, ball, dog <br />集体名词 <br />表示若干个体组合成的集体 <br />family, police, class, group, team <br />不可数名词 <br />物质名词 <br />表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词 <br />rice, glass, mutton, bridge, paper. air, wood, wool, wheat, steel <br />抽象名词 <br />表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词 <br />knowledge, danger, health, life, homework, interest, love <br />二、名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。 <br /> 1. 可数名词：表示能够以数计算的事物的名词。 <br />可数名词有单数和复数的区别, 表示一个时用单数, 多于一个用复数。如：a cat; two birds; many people。 <br />(l)名词复数的规则变化 <br />构成方法 <br />例词 <br />一般在词尾加一s <br />desk—desks , mile—miles , bridge—bridges , horse—horses <br />以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词加es <br />glass—glasses, box—boxes, brush—brushes , watch—watches <br />以th结尾的词加s <br />bath—baths , path — paths , mouth —mouths, <br />month—months <br />以o结尾的词加s或es <br />piano—pianos, photo —photos , radio —radios <br />hero—heroes , potato—potatoes , tomato—tomatoes zero—zero( e) s , motto— motto ( e) s <br />以y结尾的词 <br />以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加es <br />factory—factories , country—countries quality—qualities. ability— abilities <br />以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加s <br />monkey—monkeys , toy—toys <br /> <br />f，fe变为v再加es <br />wolf—wolves, wife— wives, leaf—leaves , knife— <br /> <br /> <br />以f或fe结尾的词 <br /> <br /> knives <br />个别词直接加s <br />gulf —gulfs, belief— beliefs, roof— roofs <br />个别有两种复数形式 <br />scarf—scarfs /scarves <br /> (2)名词复数的不规则变化 <br />构成方法 <br />例词 <br />复合名词 <br />一般情况下只变词尾 <br />bedroom —bedrooms, highway— highways <br />把中心词变为复数 <br />looker-on—lookers-on ；passer-by— passers-by <br />没有中心词将最后一个词变为复数形式 <br />grown-up—grown-ups . go-between—go-betweens <br />由man或woman构成的复合名词变复数时，man或woman写其他名词都要变为复数 <br />a man-doctor— two men doctors, a woman teacher —three women teachers <br />特殊名词 <br />改变内部元音 <br />foot— feet, tooth—teeth, man—men <br />词尾加en或ren <br />ox—oxen, child—children <br />单、复数同形 <br />sheep— sheep, deer—deer, fish—fish <br />(3)复合名词的复数形式 <br /> ①只将主体名词变为复数形式。如： <br /> a banana tree ---- some banana trees a boy student----- some boy students <br /> ②复合名词中两个名词都变成复数形式, 但第一个名词必须是man或woman。如： <br /> a man doctor— two men doctors a woman teacher— three women teachers <br /> 注意：可用下列单词或短语修饰可数名词的复数。如： ‘ <br /> some, (a) few, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, many <br /> 例题1 <br /> I can't understand the meaning of the passage though there are ______ new words in it. <br /> A. few B. a few C. little D. a little <br /> 【解析】 A few, a few修饰可数岩词复数, little, a ...
