SectionAGrammarFocus-4c
Wordsreview幻灯片上单词出现时，同学应迅速读出该单词并说出意思，说出时，可有5秒钟的现场求救时（向其他同学），每名同学接受求救不得超过3次。
mooncakelanternstrangerrelativeputonpoundsteallayoutlaydessertgardenadmirewhoevergoddessfolktradition
IknowthattheWaterFestivalisreallyfun.WhatfuntheWaterFestivalis.Iwonderifthey’llhavetheracesagainnextyear.Howfantasticthedragonboatteamswere!IwonderwhetherJuneisagoodtimetovisitHongKong.Howprettythedragonboatswere.IbelievethatAprilisthehottestmonthinThailand.HowdeliciousthefoodisinHongKong!GrammarFocus
名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause
试比较：Weknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s主s谓v谓v宾o宾o宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语主s谓v宾o简单句复合句什么是宾语从句？
DoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut(宇航员)?Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone.Idon’tknowifhewillcometonight.Let’sfindoutwhat’sontonight.FindouttheObjectClauses
注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。e.g.►Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.►Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch.1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略。►Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。►Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
c.当that作介词except,in等宾语时。►Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.►IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.
2.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句。►Iwanttoknowif/whethersheisright.►Theydidn’tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot.if/whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”。if/whether可互换，但whether…ornot为固定搭配。
1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句►Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcome.如果ornot放在whether所引导的从句句尾，可用if替换。►Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.►IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用区别a.当whether后紧跟ornot时，不用if.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
►HeaskedmewhetherIwantedtogotherebytrainorbybus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。whether...or还有“不管”之意，引导让步状语从句。►Whetherhedrivesortakesthetrain,hewillbehereontime.不管开车来还是乘火车来，他都会准时到。c.在强调任意选择时，用whether…or，此时不用if替换whether。
►HeaskedmewhetherI’dmovetoNewYorkifIgotthejob.d.虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句放在句首，此时只用whether不用if。►WhetherhewillcomeIamnotsure.e.句子中有if引导的条件句，如再有表示“是否”的宾语从句，用whether不用if。
►Pleaseletmeknowifyouneedhelp.如果你需要帮助请告诉我。或：请告诉我你是否需要帮助。对比：►Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouneedhelp.请告诉我你是否需要帮助。f.容易产生歧义时用whether不用if来表示“是否”。
►Idon’tknowifitwon'traintomorrow.我不知道明天是不是会下雨。g.如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用if不用whether。
2).引导主语从句置于句首时，只能用whether。►Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifference.3).Whether可以引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可以。4).用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用if。►Idon’tknowwhethertogothereatonce.我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。
3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句►Doyouknowwhosebookitis?►Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhaveameeting.►Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?►Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.
当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.heisinterestedinEnglish.shewillcometomorrow.TomhasbeentoLondontwice.宾语从句中时态的变化
HewillgotoHongKong.Heissick.Heisreadingabook.Hehasfinishedhiswork.HesaidHehadfinishedhiswork.HewouldgotoHongKong.Hewassick.Hewasreadingabook.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。
thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.SummerisafterSpring.theearthmovesaroundthesun.Hetoldme(that)Wekmew(that)Theteachertoldus(that)当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。
主句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时根据句意的需要用任意一种时态一般过去时与原句相对应的过去的时态客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等一律用一般现在时
►DannysaysthathewilllearnEnglish.►Doyouknowwherehecamefrom?►PleasetellmehowIcangettothebusstation.无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。宾语从句的语序
宾语从句三要素引导词that+陈述句if／whether+一般疑问句特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序从句客观真理时态不变从句可为任何时态
学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。宾语从句歌
所谓感叹句，就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。近年来，感叹句的构成及转换是中考常考的考点之一。感叹句一般由“what”和“how”来开头的句子“what”修饰名词，“how”修饰形容词和副词。What和How引导的感叹句
What引导的感叹句“what”意为“多么”用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），名词前可有其它定语成份（即：形容词或冠词）。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an，复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。
一般有三种形式，此时what为形容词，作定语，用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。1.what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！►Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀！►Whatagoodgirlsheis!她是个多么好的一个女孩啊！
2.what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！►Whatheavysnowitis!多么大的雪呀！►Whatbadweatheritis!多么糟糕的天气！3.what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!►Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花啊！►Whatgoodstudentstheyare!他们是多么好的学生啊！
“how”意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。How引导的感叹句
有三种结构形式。此时how是副词，用来修饰其的形容词 或副词，也可以修饰动词。1.How+形容词+主语+谓语！例如：►Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！►Howhotitistoday!今天多么热呀！
2.How+副词+主语+谓语！例如：►Howhappytheylook!他们显得多么高兴呀！►Howfastheruns!他跑得多么快呀！3.How+主语+谓语（陈述句）！例如：►Howheloveshisson!他是多么的爱他的儿子！►Howtimeflies!光阴似箭！
what修饰名词What+名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序how修饰形容词，副词或动词:How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词+陈述语序HowVSWhat
1.think/LanternFestival/beautifulIthinkthattheLanternFestivalisbeautiful.2.don’tknow/whether/he/comehome/forthefestival__________________________________________________________________________3.believe/WaterFestival/most/fun___________________________________________4aWritesentencesusingthewordsgiven.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomehomeforthefestival.IbelievethattheWaterFestivalisthemostfun.
4.wonder/if/mooncakes/delicious_____________________________________________5.how/exciting/races____________________________________6.what/interesting/city______________________________________Jennywondersifthemooncakesaredelicious.Howexcitingtheracesare!Whataninterestingcity(itis)!
4bReadthepassagebelowandunderlinetheobjectiveclauses.IfpossiblewriteyourownsentencesaboutMother’sDayandFather’sDayusingobjectiveclauses.DearXiaYu,DoyouknowthattherearetwospecialdaysforparentsinAmerica?OneisMother’sDayonthesecondSundayofMay,andtheotherisFather’sDayonthethirdSundayofJune.Onthesetwodays,Americanchildrenoftengivegiftstotheirparentsortakethemoutforlunchordinner.
Commongiftsareflowersandcardsformothersandshirtsortiesforfathers.IheardthatitisbecomingmoreandmorepopulartocelebrateMother’sDayandFather’sDayinChina.Iwonderifchildrenovertherealsogivesimilargiftstotheirparents.Ibelievethattherearemanywaystoshowourlove.Actually,wedon’thavetospendalotofmoney.Itisalsoagoodideatohelpparentstodosomethinginstead.June
4cWhichfestivaldoyoulikebest?Askyourgroupandreporttotheclass.e.g.Inourgroup,David’sfavoritefestivalis...Hethinksthat…
Inourgroup,David’sfavoritefestivalisHalloween.HethinksthatonthatdaychildrenwillwearspecialcostumeswithmasktotakepartinHalloweenparty.Andplay“trickortreat”.Sample:
Ⅰ.用正确的形式填空。1.Theradiosaysit__________cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything________well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey________________(return)italready.Exerciseswillbegoeswereplayinghavereturned
5.Hesaidthatthey___________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey___________ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight________fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou___________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)9.Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters________from.(be)havebeenweredoingtravelsaretalkingwere
Ⅱ.单选。1._____foodyou'vecooked!A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.HowniceD.Whatnice2._____terribleweatherwe'vebeenhavingthesedays!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa3.—Withthehelpofdoctors,theboycanseeagain.—_____heis!A.WhatlucklyB.WhataluckC.HowluckD.HowaluckADC
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，完成句子。1.Hesays________________________________________.(他说他爸爸三天后回来)2.Ourteacherasks___________________________________.(昨天谁打碎了玻璃)3.Pleasetellme_____________________________.(他们正在谈论什么)thathisfatherwillbebackinthreedayswhobrokethewindowyesterdaywhattheyaretalkingabout
—Linda,couldyouremember_______?—HaveyouforgottenweagreedtogotoHongkong?A.wherearewegoingafterexamB.wherewearegoingaftertheexamC.wherearewegoingtoaftertheexamD.wherewearegoingtoaftertheexamB中考链接你记得考试后我们要去哪里吗？宾语从句要用陈述句语序。去香港。可知上句问去哪。
—Idon’tknowtomorrow.—Youcanaskourteacherrightnow.A.ifwetakethebusthereB.whenwillweleaveC.whatwillwedoD.howwewillgothereDtomorrow明天，可知用将来时Idon’tknow后面跟宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序。
HomeworkPracticemoreexercisetomasterthegrammarlearntinthispart.
