优点英语2020-2021学年高一期末复习热点话题阅读与题型专练02话题：新冠病毒源头与介绍【01】Wheredidnovelcorona-viruscomefrom?AsCOVID-19isspreadingthroughouttheworld,animportantquestionhasyettobeanswered:wheredidtheviruscomefrom?Thelateststudyindicatedthatpangolins(穿山甲)maybeanintermediatehostofthevirus,accordingtoXinhua.However,batsaresuspectedtobetheoriginalcause.Wedon’tknowthesourceyet,butthere’sprettystrongevidencethatthisisabatorigincorona-virus,”saidPeterDazsak,presidentofEcoHealthAlliance,anenvironmentalnonprofit,accordingtoTheNewYorkTimes.“Whenyoulookatthegeneticsequence(基因序列)ofthevirus,andyoumatchitupwitheveryknowncorona-virus,theclosestrelativesarefrombats,”DazsakalsotoldCNN.Sowhyarebatsthesourceofsomanydeadlykindsofvirusesbuttheydon’tsufferfromanysymptoms?Astheonlyflyingmammal(哺乳动物)withlonglifespan,bats’bodytemperatureishigh,similartoafever.It’sthisfactthatmaycontributetobats’uniqueimmunesystem(免疫系统)inprotectingthemfromtheilleffectsofviruses.Butarebatstrulytoblameforthevirusorshouldwebeblamingourselves?Whetherwedestroytheforestswherebatsliveortheyenduponourplate,it’sthefaultofhumansfordecreasingthedistancebetweenusandvirus-carryingbats.Batsareanimportantanimalinourecosystemwhenitcomestopollinating(授粉)manyfruitssuchasmangoesandbananas.Weneedtoallowthemtocontinuepollinationandkeepthemawayfromourmarketsandmouths.1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheoriginofCOVID-19?A．Genetically,theviruswasfoundtobesimilartothosetestedinbats.B．Scientifically,itisconfirmedthatbatsaretheveryoriginalcause.C．Pangolinsareagreedtobetheintermediatehostofthevirus.,优点英语D．Batsnothumanbeingsaretrulytoblameforthevirus.2．Thereasonwhybatsdon’tbatssufferfromthecorona-virusisthat________.A．bats’lowbodytemperaturefightagainsttheviruses.B．thecorona-virusisnotdeadlytobatsatall.C．batsaretheclosestrelativesofthevirus.D．bats’uniqueimmunesystemprotectthemfromthebadeffectsofvirus.3．Whatdoestheauthorintendstotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Humansaresupposedtoprotectbatswell.B．Humanshouldkeepaproperdistanceawayfrombats.C．Batscontributetoourecosystemalot.D．Batsaretoblamefordeadlyvirus-carrying.4．Wheredoesthepassagemostprobablycomefrom?A．Abiography.B．Abookreview.C．Amagazine.D．Arealisticnovel.【02】TheCOVID-19andfluarebothrespiratoryinfectiousdiseases,withsimilarsymptomsincludingfeverandcough,buttheyarenotthesame.BoththeCOVID-19andfluarediseasescausedbyavirus.Inthecaseofflu,thepathogens(病原体)arefluviruses,andforCOVID-19,itisanovelcoronavirus(新型冠状病毒).Commonsymptomsforfluandnovelcoronavirusarenearlyidenticalfever,coughandtiredness,sometimessorethroatanddiarrhea.Inseverecases,theyresultinpneumonia(肺炎),andevendeathsintheworstcases.Fluhasseasonalupsanddowns.Althoughitcanexistallyearround,thevirusinfectsmorepeopleinwinterandspring.Asforthenovelcoronavirus,thereisnotyetenoughevidenceshowinghowitwouldrespondtochangingweather.,优点英语Themortalityrate(死亡率)forthenovelcoronavirusishigherthanthatforflu.Generally,peoplewithpoorimmunity(免疫力),especiallychildrenandseniors,aremorelikelytocatchseasonalfluanddevelopintoseverecases.Asforthenovelcoronavirus,themedianagefortheinfectedis51.Butthenovelcoronavirusisabrand-newvirus,andnoonehastotalimmunitynomattertheirage.Boththefluandthenovelcoronavirusaretransmittedinsimilarways,bydirectcontactwithinfectedpatientsorsmalldropletsfromthenoseormouthwhenapersonwithvirusescoughsorbreathes.Flucanbespreadbyaninfectedpersonforseveraldaysbeforetheirsymptomsappear.Asforthenovelcoronavirus,spreadmightbepossiblebeforepeopleshowsymptoms,butthisisnotthoughttobethemainwaythevirusspreads.Forthenovelcoronavirus,thereisalsoariskforaerosoltransmission(气溶胶传播).Inhealthfacilities,peoplemaycatchthevirusiftheybreathedinaerosol,thesuspensionoffinesolidorliquidparticlesintheair,whichhavebeencontaminatedbythevirus.Thenovelcoronavirushasalsobeenfoundinpatients'fecal(排泄物)samples,butfecal-oraltransmissiondoesnotappeartobeamajortransmissionroute.5．Whatcanwelearnaboutthenovelcoronavirus?A．Ithasseasonalchanges.B．Itcauseslessdeathsthanflu.C．Itmayspreadamongpeopleofallages.D．Itonlyspreadsafterpeopleshowsymptoms.6．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewaythenovelcoronavirustransmits?A．Aerosoltransmission.B．Contacttransmission.C．Fecal-oraltransmission.D．Agetransmission.7．Theauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthearticleisprobablyto.,优点英语A．provefluhaslessharmtohumansthanCOVID-19B．raisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheirhealthC．proveCOVID-19probablywon'tcausehumandeathsD．providesomesuggestionstoavoidCOVID-19infection8．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Anewtreatmentonthenovelcoronavirus.B．ThelatestresearchonCOVID-19andflu.C．Thedifferencebetweenthenovelcoronavirusandflu.D．HowtoidentifyCOVID-19andfluonsymptoms.参考答案1．A2．D3．B4．C【分析】本文为说明文，主要内容是从科学的角度说明COVID-19病毒在自然界中产生的源头问题。1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Whenyoulookatthegeneticsequence(基因序列)ofthevirus,andyoumatchitupwitheveryknowncorona-virus,theclosestrelativesarefrombats,”可知，当你观察病毒的基因序列，并且将它与每一种已知的冠状病毒相匹配，会发现病毒最接近蝙蝠。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段“bats'bodytemperatureishigh,similartoafever.It'sthisfactthatmay,优点英语contributetobats'uniqueimmunesystem(免疫系统)inprotectingthemfromtheilleffectsofviruses.”可知，蝙蝠的体温很高，类似于发烧。这一事实表明可能导致蝙蝠独特的免疫系统保护他们免受病毒的不良影响。故选D项。3．推理判断题。最后一段“it'sthefaultofhumansfordecreasingthedistancebetweenusandvirus-carryingbats”和“Weneedtoallowthemtocontinuepollinationandkeepthemawayfromourmarketsandmouths.”可知，作者指出：人类缩短了与携带病毒的蝙蝠之间的距离，这是人类的过错；并且强调我们需要让它们继续授粉，让它们远离我们的市场和嘴巴。由此判断出，在最后一段作者想告诉我们人类应与蝙蝠保持适当的距离。故选B项。4．推理判断题。根据第一段“AsCOVID-19isspreadingthroughouttheworld,animportantquestionhasyettobeanswered:wheredidtheviruscomefrom?”（随着新冠肺炎疫情在全球蔓延，一个重要问题尚未得到解答：病毒来自哪里?）以及全文从科学的角度说明COVID-19病毒在自然界中产生的源头问题。由此由此可知文章出自科学期刊或杂志。故选C项。5．C6．D7．B8．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍新冠病毒与流感在起因、症状、死亡率、易感人群和传播方面的不同。5．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Butthenovelcoronavirusisabrand-newvirus,andnoonehastotalimmunitynomattertheir,优点英语age.（但新型冠状病毒是一种全新的病毒，无论年龄多大，没人有完全的免疫力。）”可知，新冠病毒是一种新型病毒，不管哪个年龄段的人，对这种病毒都没有完全的免疫力。所以，新冠病毒可能在各年龄段的人群中传播。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Boththefluandthenovelcoronavirusaretransmittedinsimilarways,bydirectcontactwithinfectedpatientsorsmalldropletsfromthenoseormouthwhenapersonwithvirusescoughsorbreathes.（流感和新型冠状病毒的传播方式相似，都是通过直接接触受感染的患者，或当病毒携带者咳嗽或呼吸时从鼻子或嘴里飞沫传播。）”和最后一段“Forthenovelcoronavirus,thereisalsoariskforaerosoltransmission…butfecal-oraltransmissiondoesnotappeartobeamajortransmissionroute.（对于新型冠状病毒，还存在通过气溶胶传播的风险。在卫生设施中，人们如果吸入了被病毒污染的空气中悬浮的微小固体或液体颗粒，就可能感染病毒。在患者的粪便样本中也发现了新型冠状病毒，但粪口传播似乎不是主要传播途径。）”可知,新冠病毒可以通过与感染病人直接接触、气溶胶和粪便三种方式传播。年龄传播在文中没有提及。故选D。7．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了新冠病毒与普通流感在起因、症状、死亡率、易感人群和传播途径方面的不同,并且通过对比可知,新冠病毒对人类的危害可能更大，所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是想通过两种病毒的对比,来提高人们保护健康的意识。故选B。8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前三段主要介绍了冠状病毒和流感的起因和症状的不同；第四段介绍了冠状病毒和流感死亡率的差异；第五段到最后主要介绍了冠状病毒和流感的易感人群和传播途径方面的不同。由此可知，文章主要介绍了新型冠状病毒与流感的区别。故选C。
