优点英语2020-2021学年高一期末复习热点话题阅读13话题：日本处理核污水和海洋污染【1】JapansaidTuesdaythatitwouldstartpouringtreatedradioactivewater(放射性废水)fromtheFukushimanuclearpowerplantintothePacificOceanwithintwoyears.OfficialsinTokyosaidthewaterwouldbefilteredanddiluted(稀释)tosafelevelsfirst,butmostresidentsremainfirmlyopposedtotheplan.ProtestersgatheredoutsidePrimeMinisterYoshihideSuga’sresidenceindowntownTokyotocriticizethegovernment’sdecision.MorethanamilliontonsofradioactivewateriscurrentlybeingstoredattheFukushimapowerplantinamassivetankfarmbigenoughtofill500Olympic-sizedswimmingpools.Thewastewatercomesfromwaterpumpedintocooltheplant’sdamagedreactors(反应堆).Thegovernmentsaysithassimplyrunoutofroomtostoreallthewater.Theplantodumpthewaterintotheoceanfirstcametolightintheautumnoflastyear,whenJapanesenewsreportedanonymousofficialssaidthedecisionhadbeentaken.OnTuesday,Sugasaidthatafteryearsofstudy,hisscientificadvisorshadconcludedthatoceandischargewasthemostpossiblewaytocopewiththewastewater.ButthedecisiontopourFukushimawastewaterintotheoceanhasdrawnfirefromneighboringAsiancountriesandlocalfishermenalongJapan’scoast.Chinacalledthedecision“extremelyirresponsible,”andSouthKoreasummoned(召唤)theJapaneseambassadorinSeouloverthematter.“Theytoldusthattheywouldn’treleasethewaterintotheseawithoutthesupportoffishermen,”KanjiTachiya,wholeadsalocalcooperativeoffisheriesinFukushima,toldnationalbroadcasterNHKaheadoftheannouncementonTuesday.“Wecan’tsupportthismovetobreakthatpromiseandreleasethewaterintotheseaunilaterally(单方面地).”TheactualreleaseofwaterfromtheFukushimaplantwilltakedecadestocomplete.CriticshavecalledonJapan’sgovernmenttoatleastensurethatindependentmonitoringisinplacetocheckthelevelofradiationinthepouredwaterissafefortheenvironment.1．Howdomostofthelocalpeoplereacttotheplan?
优点英语A．Indifferent.B．Uncertain.C．Supportive.D．Disapproval.2．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Thewastewaterisbeingstoredin500Olympic-sizedswimmingpools.B．Itwaslastyearthattheplanwasexposedtothepublic.C．Oceandischargeistheonlywaythedealwiththewastewater.D．TheplanhasarousedangerinalltheAsiancountries.3．WhatdoesKanjiTachiyaprobablyagreewith?A．Theplanistopullthewholeworldintothedisaster.B．It’simperativethattheplanshouldbecarriedoutimmediately.C．It’ssafeandeasytopourthewastewaterintotheocean.D．It’sunacceptabletopourthewaterintotheoceanwithoutfishermen’permission.4．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfroma_______.A．geographytextbook.B．personaldiaryC．newsreportD．fictionbook【2】Alllivingthingsintheoceanareendangeredbyhumanspollutingthewater.5．Onewayisthedumping(倾倒)ofcertainwastematerials,suchasgarbageandusedwater,intotheocean.Theharmfulbacteriathatfeedonthegarbageuseupmuchoftheoxygeninthesurroundingwater,soothercreaturesintheareaoftendon’tgetenough.Othersubstances(物质),suchasradioactivewastematerial,canalsocausepollution.6．Butafteryearsofbeingexposedtotheoceanwater,thecontainersmaybegintoleak(漏).7．Oilisspilledintotheoceanwhenoilshipssinkorwhenoilwellsintheoceancannotbecapped.Theoilcoversthegills(腮)offishandpreventsthemfrombreathing.Divingbirdsgettheoilontheir
优点英语wingsandareunabletofly.Whentheycleanthemselves,theyareoftenpoisonedbytheoil.Riversalsocancontributetothepollutionofoceans.8．Fertilizersusedonthefarmlandsmaybecarriedtotheocean,wheretheycauseagreatincreaseintheamountofcertainplants.Toomuchofsomeplantscanactuallybepoisonoustofish.Worseyetarethepesticides(杀虫剂)carriedtotheocean.thesechemicalsslowlybuildupinfishandothersmallanimals.9．Thebuildupofthesechemicalsintheanimalscanmakethemillorcausetheirbabiestobeborndeadorsick.A．FishandturtlessufferthemostB．Pollutionoccursinseveralways.C．OilisanothermajorsourceofconcernD．ManyriversreceivetherunoffwaterfromfarmlandsE.Farmersusetheseartificialfertilizerstoincreasecropharvest.F.Thesematerialsareoftenplacedinthewaterinsafelysealedcontainers.G.Theseanimalsthenpassthepesticidesontothelargeranimalsthatfeedonthem.参考答案1．D2．B3．D4．C【分析】
优点英语这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了“日本要将福岛核电站的经过处理的放射性水倒入太平洋”事件，尽管官方声称首先要对水进行过滤和稀释，使其达到安全水平，但大多数居民仍然坚决反对这一计划。同时，将福岛污水排入海洋的决定引起了亚洲邻国和日本沿海当地渔民的强烈不满。1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“…butmostresidentsremainfirmlyopposedtotheplan.(但大多数居民仍然坚决反对该计划。)”可推知，当地居民对此计划持反对态度。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段末尾内容“Theplantodumpthewaterintotheoceanfirstcametolightintheautumnoflastyear,whenJapanesenewsreportedanonymousofficialssaidthedecisionhadbeentaken.(将水倒入海洋的计划在去年秋天首次曝光，当时日本新闻报道称，匿名官员称已经做出了这个决定。)”可知，该计划于去年秋天公之于众。选项B“Itwaslastyearthattheplanwasexposedtothepublic.(这个计划是去年公布的。)”为符合原文的正确论述。故选B项。3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容KanjiTachiya的话“‘Theytoldusthattheywouldn’treleasethewaterintotheseawithoutthesupportoffishermen,’KanjiTachiya,wholeadsalocalcooperativeoffisheriesinFukushima,toldnationalbroadcasterNHKaheadoftheannouncementonTuesday.‘Wecan’tsupportthismovetobreakthatpromiseandreleasethewaterintotheseaunilaterally.’(“他们告诉我们，如果没有渔民的支持，他们不会把水放入海里，”福岛当地一家渔业合作社的负责人立屋KanjiTachiya在周二宣布这一消息前告诉日本国家广播公司NHK。“我们不能支持这种违背承诺、单方面把水放入海中的行为。”)”可知，KanjiTachiya不支持“未经渔民许可将水倒进海里”的这种行为。由此可推知，他应会认同D项观点“It’sunacceptabletopourthewaterintotheoceanwithoutfishermen’permission.(未经渔民许可将水倒进海里是不可接受的。)”。故选D项。4．推理判断题。通过阅读文章可知，文章首段内容“JapansaidTuesdaythatitwouldstartpouringtreatedradioactivewaterfromtheFukushimanuclearpowerplantintothePacificOceanwithintwoyears.OfficialsinTokyosaidthewaterwouldbefilteredanddilutedtosafelevelsfirst,butmostresidentsremainfirmlyopposedtotheplan.ProtestersgatheredoutsidePrimeMinisterYoshihideSuga’sresidenceindowntownTokyotocriticizethegovernment’s
优点英语decision.(日本周二说，将在两年内开始将福岛核电站的经过处理的放射性水倒入太平洋。东京的官员说，首先要对水进行过滤和稀释，使其达到安全水平，但大多数居民仍然坚决反对这一计划。抗议者聚集在日本首相YoshihideSuga位于东京市中心的官邸外，批评政府的决定。)”交待了文章的主要内容，且主题为“日本要将福岛核电站的经过处理的放射性水倒入太平洋”事件，具有时效性特点，可视为新闻报道中的“导语”部分。由此可推知，该文章应是来自于新闻报道。故选C项。5．B6．F7．C8．D9．G【分析】这是一篇说明文。海洋面临着来自人类倾倒的废物，放射性物质，泄漏的石油和河流的污染，海洋中所有生物都因水被污染而濒临灭绝。5．设空句下一句：“Oneway…”，下文：“Othersubstances…”，提示设空句是总领句，总领污染的各种来源、方式，选项B：污染以多种方式发生。是总领句，切题，故选B。6．设空句的下一句里的But，提示设空句是和exposedto相反的情况，选项F中的sealed，是其反义词，符合上下文语境，切题，故选F。7．设空句为句首句，下文多次出现了oil这一词汇，根据词汇复现，选项C切题，故选C。8．设空句所在的段落中讲农田里使用的化肥和杀虫剂，使得其通过河流流入了海洋，其中的farmlands是其中的一个关键词，选项D中同样有这个关键词，选项D切题，故选D。9．设空句前一句有词汇：smallanimals，选项G中的largeranimals与此构成对应，讲了污染的整个过程，选项G切题，故选G。
