专题19【阅读理解】解题指导·触类旁通寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”四．定位对比找答案—词句猜测题阅读理解【词句猜测题】满分攻略推测词命题规律命题趋势→推测词义是一项阅读基本技能要求，是全国卷历年常考题型，设题1-2题\n义题考查内容→在特殊语言环境有特殊意义的词：专业词汇、生僻字、常用代词。考查题型→①推测单词或代词含义②推测短语含义③推测句子含义题干设置→常有underlined这一标志词正确选项特点→①相应词语的同义词语②相应语句的解释、复述或概括干扰项特点→①错误改写②丢三落四③半对半错④曲解原意顺①语境法→利用上下文及前后提示来推测。有的考查代词指代的对象，需利用整个段落、篇章来推断，甚至要对内容进行总结才能得到。藤摸瓜②同义法→①常见的标志词：justas,also,aswellas,like,unlike,similarly等。②常用并列连词or或and，前后内容在含义上接近或递进。③常识法→利用常识和生活经验来推测。需要了解英美习俗、天文地理、宗教信仰、政治体制和社会制度等。④定义法→通过定义、定语和同位语来确定词义。⑤举例法→常见的标志词：forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoon,justas,like,similarity等。⑥对比法→常见的标志词：unlike,yet,whereas,(more...)than,instead(of),while,differfrom,difference,ontheotherhand,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等⑦因果法→常见的原因标志词：because(of),for,since,asaresultof等；常见的结果标志词：so,therefore,thus,forthisreason,asaresult,cause,leadto,consequently,such...that,so...that等。⑧构词法→根据前缀、后缀和合成词的构词法则来推测。⑨反义法→常见的标志词有although,though,but,however,\nwhereas,nevertheless,onthecontrary,incontrast,ratherthan，ononehand...ontheotherhand,foronething...foranother,等。考点突破·针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升熟记高频词→突破阅读理解词汇障碍高考英语考前必背570个高频词第十七组第十八组461.trianglen.三角（形）462.sequencen.连续；顺序463.shallowadj.浅的464.shivervi/n.发抖465.signaturen.签名466.sincereadj.诚挚的；真诚的467.utilityn.功用；效用468.utilizevt.利用469.uttervt.说出adj.491.moleculen.分子492.orbitn.轨道v.（绕...）作轨道运行493.participatev.(in)参与；参加494.particlen.微粒495.particularlyadv.特别；尤其496.respondvi.回答；答复；反应497.sensibleadj.明智的498.sensitiveadj.敏感到；灵敏的\n完全的；彻底的470.variationn.变化；变动471.vehiclen.交通工具；车辆472.applausen.鼓掌；掌声473.junglen.丛林；密林474.knotn.结vt.把...打成结475.appliancen.器具；器械476.consentn.准许;同意vi(to)准许；同意477.defectn.缺点；缺陷478.delicateadj.易碎的；娇弱的；精美的479.evolvev.演变480.evolutionn.演变；进化481.exclaimv.呼喊；大声说482.frownv./n.皱眉483.frustratevt.使沮丧499.tremblevi.颤抖500.trialn.审讯；试验501.apparentadj.显然的；明白的502.appetiten.胃口；欲望503.depositn.存款；定金v.存放；储蓄504.deputyn.副职；代表505.derivevt.取得；得到；(from)起源于506.descendv.下来；下降507.numerousadj.众多的；许多的508.missionn.使命；代表团509.mistn.薄雾510.noticeableadj.显而易见的511.notifyvt.通知；告知512.nuisancen.令人讨厌的东西（或人）513.resemblevt.像；类似于\n484.guaranteevt./n.保证485.guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的486.jealousadj.妒忌的487.jeansn.牛仔裤488.labeln.标签489.liter/litren.升490.modestadj.谦虚道514.revealvt.揭露515.revenuen.收入；岁入；税收516.sheltern.掩蔽处；住所517.shieldn.防护物；盾vt.保护；防护518.vitaladj.重要的；致命的；生命的519.vitallyadv.极度；非常；致命地520.urbanadj.城市的第十九组第二十组521.urgevt.鼓励；激励522.urgentadj.急迫的；紧急得523.usagen.使用；用法524.violencen.强力；暴力525.violentadj.强暴的526.welfaren.福利527.whatsoeveradv.无论怎样；丝毫528.whereasconj.然而；但是；尽管529.essentialadj.必不可少的；本质的530.estimaten./vt.估计；估量531.evaluatevt.评估；评价532.exceedvt.超过；越出533.exceedinglyadv.非常；极其546.inferioradj.劣等的；次的；下级的547.infiniteadj.无限的548.ingredientn.组成部分549.inhabitantn.居民550.jailn.监狱551.jamn.果酱；拥挤；堵塞552.lasern.激光553.launchvt.发动；发起554.luxuryn.奢侈；奢侈品555.magnetn.磁铁；磁体556.maleadj.男性的；雄的557.manualadj.用手的；手工做的558.manufacturevt./n.制造；加工\n534.excludevt.把...排斥在外；不包括535.exclusiveadj.独有的；排他的536.fleevi.逃走537.flexibleadj.易弯曲的538.flockn.羊群；（鸟兽等）一群;一伙人539.harmonyn.和谐；融洽540.hasten.急速；急忙541.hatredn.憎恶；憎恨542.incidentn.事件；事变543.indexn.索引；标志544.infantn.婴儿545.infectv.传染559.marineadj.海的；海产的560.nakedadj.裸露的561.neglectvt.忽视；忽略562.primitiveadj.原始的；早期的563.quitv.停止；放弃564.quotationn.引文；引语565.recreationn.娱乐活动566.recruitvt.招募；吸收（新成员）567.skimvt.搬（去）；掠过；浏览568.themen.主题569.textilen.纺织品570.tropicaladj.热带的；炎热的2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练四原题版跟踪检测·迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能Test1KendrickLamarhasn’thadmuchluckwhenitcomestowinningaGrammy.Butthat’sOK：TheUSrapperhasjustwonaPulitzerPrizeforhismusic.In2014,in2016,andagainin2018,Lamarwasnominated(提名)foranalbumoftheyearGrammy.Eachtime,hewasbeatenout,firstbyTaylorSwift,nextbyDaftPunk,andmostrecentlybyBrunoMars.ButthePulitzerPrizecommitteewasinspiredenoughbyLamar’s2017album,Damn.,toawardthePulitzerPrizeinmusiconApril16.It’sanamazingalbumthatdocumentsthereallifeofmodernAfricanAmericansinSouthLosAngeleswithwildly\naccomplishedbeatsandrhythms.Lamar’swinisconsideredtobehistorical.ThePulitzershavelongdisplayedtheirpreferencetowardshighartratherthanthepopcultureofthemasses.Soit’snotjustthatnorapperhaseverwonaPulitzer:nopopmusicmakerhaseverwononeintheaward’shistory.ButLamarisnotjustasinger—he’scleveratusinglanguage.Likethebestwriters,hismusicdescribessmallmomentsthatillustratelargerpoints.HissongsareabouthisexperienceasablackmanwhogrewupinCalifornia,struggled,gotintotrouble,andfoundhiswayoutbyworkinghardandmakingsenseofthehistoryandrealityintheUS.“He’sanartistwhochallengesideas，”saidRyanCoogler,directoroftheblockbuster(大片)BlackPanther,forwhichLamarcreatedmusic.“Onebigthemeinourfilmisthisideaof‘WhatdoesitmeantobeAfrican？’Lamarinhismusicisveryexactlyanddirectlychallengingthatquestion.”Goodartistsentertainus,greatartistsmakeusthink,andexceptionalartistshelpusempathize(产生共鸣)．Therearealotofgood,great,evenexceptionalartistsinrock,pop,country,andhiphop.ButonlyLamarhaswonaPulitzerPrize.1．WhatisLamar’salbumDamn.about?A．AfricanAmericans’historyandculture.B．HardshipsoftheAfricanAmericanartists.C．ThewaystheUSgovernmentdealwithproblems.D．ThelivesofmodernblackpeopleinSouthLosAngeles.2．WhyisLamar’sPulitzerPrizewinsignificant?A．Heisthefirstfilmmakertowintheprize.B．Itisconsideredamilestoneforpopmusic.C．Heisthefirstblackpersontowintheprize.D．HehasmissedGrammyseveraltimesbefore.3．WhatcanwelearnfromRyanCoogler’swords?A．Lamardrewinspirationfromhisownexperience.B．Lamarhasthecouragetotakeonbigchallengesinlife.C．BlackPantheriswellknownbecauseofLamar’smusic.D．Lamar’smusicmatchesthethemeofBlackPantherwell.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。美国说唱歌手Kendrick\nLamar以说唱歌手的身份获得了普利策奖。1．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’sanamazingalbumthatdocumentsthereallifeofmodernAfricanAmericansinSouthLosAngeleswithwildlyaccomplishedbeatsandrhythms.”可知，Lamar的这张专辑主要讲述的是生活在洛杉矶南部的当代美籍非洲人的真实生活。故选D。2．B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“Lamar’swinisconsideredtobehistorical.”和“nopopmusicmakerhaseverwononeintheaward’shistory”可推知，Lamar获得普利策奖具有重大意义。故选B。3．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中RyanCoogler说的话“Onebigthemeinourfilmisthisideaof‘WhatdoesitmeantobeAfrican？’Lamarinhismusicisveryexactlyanddirectlychallengingthatquestion.”可知，Lamar的音乐与电影《BlackPanther》主题相一致。故选D。Test2Fairytalesperformmanyfunctions.Theyentertain,encourageimaginationandteachproblemsolvingskills.Theycanalsoprovidemorallessons,highlightingthedangersoffailingtofollowthesocialcodesthatlethumanbeingscoexistinharmony.Suchmorallessonsmaynotmeanmuchtoarobot,butateamofresearchersatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologybelievesithasfoundawaytousethefairytalesasmorallessonsthatAI(artificialintelligence)cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart.Thecollectedstoriesofdifferentculturesteachchildrenhowtobehaveinsociallyacceptablewayswithexamplesofproperandimproperbehaviorinfables,novelsandotherliterature.WebelievestorycomprehensioninrobotscanpreventtheintelligentrobotsfromkillinghumanitywhichwaspredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnologyincludingStephenHawkingandBillGates.Thissystemiscalled“Quixote”.ItcollectsstoryplotsfromtheInternetandthenusesthosestoriestoteachrobotshowtobehave.Theexperimentdonebythedesignersinvolvesgoingtoadrugstoretopurchasesomemedicineforahumanwhoneedstogetitassoonaspossible.Therobothasthreeoptions.Itcanwaitinline;itcaninteractwiththestorekeeperpolitelyandpurchasethemedicinewithpriority;oritcanstealthemedicineandescape.Withoutanyfurtherdirectives(指示),therobotwillcometotheconclusionthatthemostefficientmeansofobtainingthemedicineistostealit.ButQuixoteoffersarewardforwaitinginlineandpolitelypurchasingthemedicineandapunishmentforstealingit.Inthisway,therobotwilllearnthemoralwaytobehaveonthat\noccasion.Quixotewouldworkbestonarobotthathasaverylimitedfunction.It’sababystepinthedirectionofteachingmoremorallessonsintorobots.WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.Givingrobotstheabilitytoreadandunderstandourstoriesmaybethemostefficientmeans.1．Whatfunctiondofairytalesperformintherobots?A．Theyentertainrobots.B．Theyhighlightdangers.C．Theymakerobotsmoreintelligent.D．Theyenablerobotstobehavemorally.2．Whatis“Quixote”inthetext?A．Apunishmentsystem.B．Acharacterinliterature.C．Abignameintechnology.D．Akindofsoftwareeducatingrobots.3．Whatdoesthedesignerexpectrobotstodointheexperiment?A．Totakeadvantageofitsprivilege.B．Tofinishthetaskmostefficiently.C．Toperforminawellmanneredway.D．Toberewardedbythestorekeeper.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpresstheauthor’sopinion?A．Robotswilldefinitelyhavemorefunctions.B．Robotswithhumans’emotionsareperfect.C．Trainingrobotstobesociallyacceptableisnecessary.D．Thedevelopmentofrobotsisstillinababystep.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。1．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ithasfoundawaytousethefairytalesasmorallessonsthatAI(artificialintelligence)cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。2．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Thissystemiscalled‘Quixote’.ItcollectsstoryplotsfromtheInternetandthenusesthosestories\ntoteachrobotshowtobehave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。3．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。4．C 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。Test3AwalkthroughthegalleriesofQuebec’sMontrealMuseumofFineArts(MMFA)placesindividualsfacetofacewithsome43，000artworksrangingfromChineseceramicstoInuitsculpture.Whilethevisitingisanincredibleculturalexperience,agroupoflocalphysicianswillsoonbeabletoprescribe(开处方)museumvisitsastreatmentforsomeillnesses.“Weknowthatartcontributestoneural(神经的)activity,”saidMMFAdirectorNathalieBondil.“Whatweseeisthatbeingincontactwithartcanreallyhelpyourwellbeing.”HélèneBoyer,vicepresidentofaMontrealbasedmedicalassociation,explainsthatmuseumvisitshavebeenshowntoincreaselevelsofserotonin,aneurotransmitter(神经递质)knownasthe“happychemical”whichhelpstoliftthemood.AccordingtoBoyer,thesmallincreaseinhormonesassociatedwithenjoyinganafternoonofartissimilartothatofferedbyexercise,makingmuseumvisitsprescriptionsidealfortheelderlyexperiencingpainthatpreventsthemfromregularlyjoininginphysicalactivity.Themuseumvisitsaredesignedtoimprovetraditionalmethods.AsBondilnotes,spendingtimeinapeacefulenvironmentcanprovideawelcomedistraction.“Whatismostimportantisthisexperiencecanhelpthemescapefromtheirownpain，”shesays.“Whenyouenterthemuseum,youescapefromthespeedofourdailylife.”\n“Iamconvincedthatinthe21stcentury,culturewillbewhatphysicalactivitywasforhealthinthe20thcentury,”saidBondil.“Somepeoplewoulddowelltorecallthatjustinthe19thcentury,sportswerebelievedtodoharmtothebody.Justasdoctorsnowprescribeexercise,theywillbeabletoprescribeavisittotheMMFA.”1．WhatdoesHélèneBoyerthinkofmuseumvisits?A．Theycancheerpeopleup.B．Theycanreducephysicalactivity.C．Theycanslowdownourlifepace.D．Theycanincreaselevelsofartappreciation.2．Howdomuseumvisitsaffectpeople?A．Stopthemconcentratingonpain.B．Stopthemfocusingontraditionalmethods.C．Encouragethemnottobeabsentminded.D．Encouragethemtoslowtheirstepswhilewalking.3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Physicalactivitywaspopularinthe19thcentury.B．Sportsareconsideredtobeharmfultothebody.C．Ideasoftreatingillnessesarechangingovertime.D．Doctorsprescribemuseumvisitsregularlynow.4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Museumvisitsareidealfortheelderly.B．Thehappychemicalhelpstoliftthemood.C．Peacefulenvironmenthelpsescapepain.D．Culturalactivitieswillpromotehealth.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。参观博物馆不仅能让人们受到艺术的熏陶，还能舒缓心情、治疗疾病。1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“HélèneBoyer,vicepresidentofaMontrealbasedmedicalassociation,explainsthatmuseumvisitshavebeenshowntoincreaselevelsofserotonin,aneurotransmitter(神经递质)knownasthe‘happychemical’whichhelpstoliftthemood.”可知，一个总部设在蒙特利尔的医学协会的副主席HélèneBoyer解释说，参观博物馆被证明可以提高血清素水平，血清素是一种被称为“快乐化学物质”的神经递质，它有助于振奋情绪。据此可知，HélèneBoyer认为参观博物馆可以帮助人们振作起来，故A项正确。\n2．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Whatismostimportantisthisexperiencecanhelpthemescapefromtheirownpain”可知，参观博物馆可以让人们逃避痛苦，故A项正确。3．C 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句“Somepeoplewoulddowelltorecallthatjustinthe19thcentury,sportswerebelievedtodoharmtothebody.Justasdoctorsnowprescribeexercise,theywillbeabletoprescribeavisittotheMMFA.”可知，在19世纪，体育运动被认为对身体有害。现在，就像医生给病人开运动处方一样，他们将能给病人开去蒙特利尔美术博物馆参观的处方。据此可推知，治疗疾病的方法随着时间的变化而改变，故C项正确。4．D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过描述参观蒙特利尔美术博物馆引入本文话题，接着介绍当地医生将给病人开参观博物馆的处方来治疗一些疾病，艺术欣赏对人的健康的积极作用，也就是说文化活动可以促进健康，故D项正确。Test4ManyCanadiansareawarethatproblemswiththenation’shealthcaresystemhaveresultedinalackofhospitalbedsandmedicalequipment,overcrowdedemergencyrooms,longwaitinglists,andnotenoughfamilydoctors.Overthelast10years,thenumberofmedicalstudentschoosingthefamilypracticeastheirlifelongcareerhasbeendroppingatasurprisingrate.Whenaskedwhytheylackinterestinfamilymedicine,thestudentscite(援引)aheavystudentdebtloadandthelonghoursrequiredofadoctorwhoismanagingthefamilypractice.Asinotherkindsofwork,youngdoctorstodaywantabalancebetweentheirprofessionalandpersonallives.InBritishColumbia(BC)thisproblemismadeworsebecausetheprovinceproducesfewermedicalgraduatesforeachpersonthananyotherprovinceinCanada.Theprovincialgovernmenthascommitteditselftodoublingthenumberofmedicalstudentgraduates.Thisstrategydoesn’tcomeclosetogivingusthenewdoctorsneededeachyearinBCtoreplacethosewhoareretiring,movingoutoftheprovince,reducingtheirhoursofpractice,ordying.Theprimarycaresystemisshowingitscracks.Tenyearsago,2,030ofBC’sfamilydoctorswereprovidingobstetrical(产科的)care.Todayjust945areperformingthisinvaluableservice.Althoughdeliveringbabiesisa“goodnews”areaofmedicine,thehoursarelong,buttherewardforbringingnewlifeintotheworldismodest.It’snosurprise,then,thatmanyofBC’sfamilydoctorsarenolongertakingonnewpatients.In1999,therewere1,420familydoctorsaccepting\nnewpatients—in2004thatnumberdeclinedto599,adropof58%.Thefoundationofprimarycareneedstobestrengthened.TheWorkingAgreementbetweenthedoctorsandthegovernmentincludesaseriesofprimarycarerenewalprojectsdesignedtomakethefamilypracticemoreattractivetomedicalgraduates,improveuponworkingconditions,andenticefamilydoctorsfromoutsideBCtostarttheirbusinesshere.Yetstillmoreneedstobedone.1．Whatmakesmedicalstudentsunwillingtobefamilyphysicians?A．Thestudentdebtandlongworkinghours.B．Longtermofstudyatamedicalschool.C．Alimitednumberofplacesinthemedicalschool.D．Anincreasingnumberofpatientsandlongwaitinglistsforspecialists.2．WhatdoesthetextsayaboutfamilydoctorsinBC?A．Theyarenolongerneeded.B．Theyaretoofewinnumber.C．Theywillsoonbecomeabundant.D．Theyarerapidlyleavingtheprovince.3．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“entice”inthelastparagraph?A．Forbid. B．Hire.C．Remind.D．Attract.4．Whatistheprimarypurposeofthetext?A．Toshowsympathyforfamilydoctors.B．Toinspireyoungpeopletobefamilydoctors.C．Tostresstheurgentneedofmorefamilydoctors.D．Totellthedisadvantagesofbeingfamilydoctors.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题。1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Whenaskedwhytheylackinterestinfamilymedicine,thestudentscite(援引)aheavystudentdebtloadandthelonghoursrequiredofadoctorwhoismanagingthefamilypractice.”可知，学生债务负担和工作时间长成为阻碍医科学生选择成为家庭医生的两大障碍，故选A。2．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“Tenyearsago,2，030ofBC’sfamilydoctorswereprovidingobstetrical(产科的)care.Todayjust945areperformingthisinvaluableservice.”，并结合本段最后一句“In1999,therewere1，420familydoctorsacceptingnewpatients—in2004thatnumberdeclinedto599,adropof58%.”可知，在BC，家庭医生的数量在急剧下降，缺口很大，故选B。\n3．D 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句中的关键词“attractive”和“improve”可推知，画线词在此处的含义与D项“吸引”相近，故选D。4．C 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段的点题，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题，故选C。Test5Youngtreesdon’tjustgrow；theydevelopapersonalityandlearnmoreabouttheirenvironmentandhowtheyshouldbestbehaveinit.Theyalsohelpeachotheroutwheneverthere’strouble.Personality,justasamongpeople,variesamongtrees.Someareanxious,somebold.Ontheauthor’sland，therearethreeoaktreesgrowingclosetogether.Oneoftheoaktreesalwaysstartstosheditsleavestwoweeksearlierthantheothers.Sincetheyallexperiencethesametemperature，thesamesoilandthesamelengthofday,suchvariablescan’tbetheexplanation.Sowhat’shappening？Well，thistreeissimplymorecarefulthantheothers.Whoeverholdsontotheirleaveslongercandomorephotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoremorenutrients.However,thelongeratreekeepsitsleaves,thehighertheriskofinjury.Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes.Atree,forexample,keepingitsleavestoolongduringoneyearwillnevermakethismistakeagain.Thisleadstoseveralotherconclusions:treesmustnoticethetemperatureandthelengthofthedayandbeabletosavetheirexperiencessomewhere.Obviously,treesdon’thavebrains,butitisthoughtthatinthesensitivetipsoftheirrootstheykeeptrackofinformationandexperiences.Buttreesaren’tonlycleverwhenitcomestocaringforthemselves.Theyalsosupporteachotherwheneverthere’stroublebygivingwarningsandeventakingcareofsickandweakconspecificswithnutrients.Forexample,onetimetheauthorfoundaveryoldtreestump.Itsinsideshadrottedalongtimeagototopsoil.Butthewoodontheoutsideofthestumpwasstillliving.Howwasthispossible？Well,thestumpwasnourishedbyitsneighborswithnutrientsfromtherootsystem,andhadbeenforatleast400years!Whydotreesdosuchathing？It’ssimple:it’sbettertogether.Treesneedtheforest;itprotectsthemfromstorms,providestherightmicroclimateandwarnsthemofattacks.1．Whydoestheauthormentionthethreeoaktrees?A．Toillustratetreescanlearnfromexperiences.\nB．Toshowtreescanmakeindependentdecisions.C．Toexplaintreesarequitesupportivetoeachother.D．Toprovetreeshavethesamepersonalitiesashumans.2．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesgeneralfeaturesoftrees?A．Anxiousandbold.B．Smartandadventurous.C．Helpfulandwellbehaved.D．Adaptableandsupportive.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“dosuchathing”mean?A．Givewarnings. B．Offerassistance.C．Dependonothers.D．Providenutrients.4．Wheredoesthistextmostprobablycomefrom?A．Apubliclecture.B．Asciencebook.C．Anexperimentreport.D．Atraveljournal.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。1．B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“Oneoftheoaktreesalwaysstartstosheditsleavestwoweeksearlierthantheothers.”可知，三棵橡树中，有一棵总比其他两棵先落叶；结合第三段第一句“Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes.”可知，树木能自己做决定。据此可推知，作者提及三棵橡树旨在说明树木可以自己做决定，故B项正确。2．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes.”，并结合第三段内容可知，树木不仅能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，树木适应能力强。根据第四段第一、二句“Buttreesaren’tonlycleverwhenitcomestocaringforthemselves.Theyalsosupporteachotherwheneverthere’stroublebygivingwarningsandeventakingcareofsickandweakconspecificswithnutrients.”可知，树木不仅善于照顾自己，当遇到困难时，它们会发出警告，相互支持，甚至照顾生病、虚弱的同类；据此可推知，树木之间互帮互助，故D项正确。3．B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段尾句“Well，thestumpwasnourishedbyitsneighborswithnutrientsfromtherootsystem,andhadbeenforatleast400years！”可知，树桩是由它的邻居从根处给予营养来滋养的；结合第五段第一句“Whydotreesdo__such__a__thing\n？”和其后的内容可知，该处表示“为什么树木要互相帮助？”，故画线短语是指提供帮助，故B项正确。4．B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，本文最可能选自科学书籍，故B项正确。Test6Itwasaboutsevenyearsago.Ijustpickedupmythreeyearolddaughterfromthenursery.Iwasweigheddownwithshoppingbags,andwithmydaughter’sthings.Wearrivedatapedestriancrossingandshepressedthebutton.Inthedistance,Iheardalarms,toldmydaughtertowaitandwatchedapolicecarapproaching.LittledidIknow,asthe_green_manflashed,thatmydaughterhadbeguntorunintotheroad.Iwatchedthepolicecarspeedtowardus—that’swhenyousoundedyourhornandwavedwildlytome.Mydaughterwasaboutameterfromthepathofthepolicecar,hiddenfromtheirviewbyyourcar.Iscreamedhernameandrantowardher.Shestoppedandwasshockedbytherushofthepolicecarasitspedpast.Shewonderedwhyyouhadblownyourhorn,asking,“Mom,whywasthatwomansorude？”notrealizingyouhadsavedherlife.ShewonderedwhyIpickedherupandburstintotears.MylegsgavewayasIreachedtheothersideoftheroad.Ishouldhavefollowedmy“wait”withahandonhershoulder,oranexplanationofwhywewereignoringthegreenmanthistime,especiallyasIhadineffectconditionedhertocrosstheroadatthesightofthegreenflash.Ibeatmyselfupformonths,andstilldo,withflashbacksandhorribleassumptionsaboutwhatmighthavebeen.Butforyoursoundingyourhorn,seeingwhatIhadn’tseen,Iwouldhavebeenleftamotherontheothersideoftheroad,totallybroken.Iapologizeforputtingyouinthatposition—Icanimaginethatitupsetyou，too.YousavedherlifeandIamsograteful.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thegreenman”inParagraph2referto?A．Apedestrian.B．Apoliceman.C．Atrafficsign.D．Abutton.2．Whydidthewomansoundherhorn?A．Tostopthepolicecar.B．Toshowherimpatience.C．Togreetpassingpedestrians.D．Todrawthemother’sattention.\n3．Whatcanweinferfromtheincident?A．Themotherdidn’tregretwhathadhappened.B．Thedaughterdidn’tfollowthetrafficrules.C．Thewomanrespondedquicklyandproperly.D．Thepolicedrovebeyondthespeedlimit.4．Howdidthemotherfeelwhentakingholdofherdaughter?A．Angryandshocked.B．Scaredbutrelieved.C．Guiltyandconfused.D．Gratefulbutsad.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。大约七年前，“我”的女儿过马路时没有注意到警车，幸亏一位女士按喇叭提醒，才挽救了女儿的生命。这件事让“我”至今难忘，心中充满感激。1．C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“LittledidIknow,asthe__green__manflashed，thatmydaughterhadbeguntorunintotheroad.”并结合常识可知，此处表示看到绿灯亮之后，“我”的女儿跑到了马路上；据此可推知，画线部分指代一种交通标志，故C项正确。A项意为“一个行人”，B项意为“一个警察”，D项意为“一个按钮”，都与语境不符。2．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“Iwatchedthepolicecarspeedtowardus—that’swhenyousoundedyourhornandwavedwildlytome.Mydaughterwasaboutameterfromthepathofthepolicecar,hiddenfromtheirviewbyyourcar.”可知，“我”看到警车向“我们”疾驰而来，这时你按响了喇叭，疯狂地向“我”挥手。“我”的女儿离警车的车道大约一米远，你的车挡住了他们的视线。据此可推知，那位女士按响喇叭是为了引起这位母亲的注意，提醒她注意她女儿的安全，故D项正确。3．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，当看到小女孩面临危险时，那位女士按响喇叭，并疯狂地向小女孩的母亲挥手；并结合第三段第一、二句“Iscreamedhernameandrantowardher.Shestoppedandwasshockedbytherushofthepolicecarasitspedpast.”可知，警车疾驰而过，“我”的女儿安然无恙；据此可推知，那位女士反应快速、正确，挽救了小女孩的生命，故C项正确。4．B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“ShewonderedwhyIpickedherupandburstintotears.MylegsgavewayasIreachedtheothersideoftheroad.”可知，女儿不知道“我”为什么把她抱起来并突然大哭起来；当“我”走到路的另一边时，“我”的腿软了；结合上文可知，一位女士的提醒使“我”的女儿避免了车祸；据此可推知，抓住女儿时，这位母亲既害怕，又感到宽慰，故B项正确。\n
