课时提能练(二)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(济宁市2020年高考模拟考试)Physicalactivitycalorieequivalent(相等的东西)(PACE)labelscouldimproveonlabelsthatidentifyonlycaloriesandthenutrientcontent,accordingtoanewscientificreview.Undertheproposedsystem,asmallbarofchocolatewouldcarryalabelinformingconsumersthatitwouldtake23minutesofrunningor46minutesofwalkingtoburnoffthe230caloriesitcontains.ThelargescaleapplicationofPACElabelscould,onaverage,cutcalorieconsumptionbyupto200caloriesperpersonperday,accordingtoresearchers.AmandaDaley,leadresearcherfromLoughboroughUniversity，saidthatPACElabelswouldpresenttheinformationinamoreaccessiblewaytoconsumersthantheexistingcalorieandnutrientcontentlabels.ShetoldCNNthatthecurrentlabelingsystem“hasn'tmadeahugedifferencetoobesityintheUK”．Sheandherteamlookedatdatafrom14studiesthatexaminedtheeffectivenessofPACElabelinginreducingcalorieconsumption.Researcherscautionthatthenumberofstudiesincludedinthereviewwassmall,andmosttookplaceincontrolledenvironmentsratherthanrealworldsettings,butstillconcludethatPACElabelingisworthtrying.Areductionofabout100caloriesperday,combinedwithasustainedincreaseinphysicalactivity,couldreduceobesityrates,accordingtoDaley.ShecalledPACEa“reallysimpleandreallystraightforward”strategy,andsuggesteditcouldbeusedonfoodanddrinkpackaging,supermarketlabelsandrestaurantmenus.However,NicholaLudlamRaine，aregistereddietitianandspokespersonfortheBritishDieteticAssociation,flaggedsomeissueswithPACElabels.LudlamRainesaidPACE“couldbeextremelyproblematic”forthosewitheatingdisordersasitsuggeststhatfoodneedstobe“burntoff”．Italsopromotestheideathatcalories，ratherthannutrients,arethemainconsiderationwhenitcomestofood,sheadded.“Remember,youcannotoutrunabaddiet，”saidLudlamRaine,explainingthatexercisingdoesn'tmeanyoucanliveoffchocolateandfizzydrinks.【语篇解读】 本文属于说明文。PACE标签能够以一种更易懂的方式展示食物的卡路里和营养含量，大规模应用PACE标签，或可减少人们的热量摄入。1．WhatdoesDaleythinkoftheexistinglabelingsystem?A．Itcontainsphysicalactivitycalories.\nB．Itaffectscalorieconsumptiongreatly.C．It'snoteffectiveenoughagainstobesity.D．Itcanbewidelyappliedtootherfields.C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ShetoldCNNthatthecurrentlabelingsystem‘hasn'tmadeahugedifferencetoobesityintheUK’”可知，AmandaDaley认为现在的标签体系并没有对英国的肥胖问题产生巨大的影响，即不能足够有效地解决肥胖问题。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flagged”inParagraph5mean?A．Pointedout. B．Leftout.C．Objectedto.D．Jumpedat.A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“LudlamRainesaidPACE‘couldbeextremelyproblematic’forthosewitheatingdisordersasitsuggeststhatfoodneedstobe‘burntoff’”可知，LudlamRaine讲到了PACE标签对于那些饮食失调的人来说存在的问题，故画线词所在句应表示她指出或提到一些有关PACE标签的问题，故选A项。pointout“指出；指明”。leaveout“遗漏，不包括”；objectto“反对，不赞成”；jumpat“迫不及待地接受”。]3．WhatcanbeinferredfromLudlamRaine'swords?A．PACElabelingcauseseatingdisorders.B．Caloriesmattermorethannutrients.C．Havingagooddietismoreimportant.D．Takingexerciseisnotnecessaryatall.C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Remember，youcannotoutrunabaddiet，’saidLudlamRaine，explainingthatexercisingdoesn'tmeanyoucanliveoffchocolateandfizzydrinks.”可知，有一个好的饮食习惯很重要。]4．Whichsectionofamagazineisthetextlikelyfrom?A．Fashion.B．Health.C．Sports.D．Technology.B [文章出处题。文章主要介绍了有助于减少消费者每天的卡路里摄入量的PACE标签，并在最后提到好的饮食习惯的必要性，故文章话题应属于“健康”这一范畴，最可能在杂志的健康版块出现。]B(河北省石家庄二中2020届高三教学质量检测)Cansnackingbeakeyelementofahealthylifestyle?Ifyourfirstresponseis“No！”，here'sachancetoupdateyouropinions.Someofuswereraisedwiththeadviceof“Nevereatbetweenmeals.”，whichcanprotectourteethfromsweets.Yettherecanbesignificantadvantagesofsnacking\nonhealthyfoods.Researchershavefoundthateatingfrequentminimealsoffershealthbenefits.Dr.DavidJenkinsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofTorontohavereportedsomeremarkableadvantages.Inonestudy,participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroupsandbothgroupsweregiventhesametypeandamountoffoodoveratwoweekperiod.Onegroupconsumedthreemealsaday.Forthosehavinga“NibblingDiet”，foodwasdividedinto17minimealsaday.Aftertwoweeks,thenibblershadreducedtheirbloodcholesterol(胆固醇)levelsbymorethan15percent.Cortisol(皮质醇),astressindicator,wasreducedby17percent.Averageseruminsulin(血清胰岛素)levelsofnibblerswerereducedby28percent.Withlessinsulin,thebodyislesslikelytoconvertloadsofcaloriesintobodyfat.Also,youmaythinkeatingconcentratedsourcesoffatorsugar(orboth)willpacktheweightintoyourbody.However,seebelowforsomeexamplesofhealthysnacks：Nutsarehighinfatsokeepportionsmoderate.However,thefatcomeswithawealthofmineralsandprotectivesubstances.Forgrowingyoungsters,highenergyadults,athletesandthosewhohavedifficultymaintainingtheirweight,nutsareagreatsolution.Driedfruits(raisins,currants,apricots)helpyoustockuponiron.Ifyoutendtofeelcoldinwinter,keepraisinshandy.Whenyourbloodsugardrops,you'llhaveaninstantremedy.Freshfruitisalsoagreatchoice.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，很多人从小就被教导“两餐之间不要吃东西”，然而，研究人员发现，经常吃健康的零食对身体有很大的益处。5．Whydoestheauthorproposeaquestionatthebeginningofthepassage?A．Toraisethereaders'awarenessofrefusingsnacks.B．Toarousethereaders'interestinthetopic.C．Toshowthesignificanceofhealthylifestyles.D．Toemphasizetheimportanceofeatingsnacks.B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Cansnackingbeakeyelementofahealthylifestyle？Ifyourfirstresponseis‘No！’，here'sachancetoupdateyouropinions.”和下文介绍的经常吃健康零食的好处可知，文章开头的问题是为了引起读者对该话题的兴趣，从而引出文章的主题。故选B项。]6．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“NibblingDiet”inParagraph2referto?A．Noteatingtoomuchfoodatatime.B．Eatingmanysnacksatatime.\nC．Eatingfoodgentlyeachtime.D．Eatingfoodquicklyeachtime.A [词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Onegroupconsumedthreemealsaday.”和画线部分后的foodwasdividedinto17minimealsaday可知，此处指参与者被随机分为两组，在两周的时间里，两组都被供应相同种类和数量的食物；一组人每天吃三顿饭，另一组每天的食物则被分成17份。由此可推知，画线部分应指一次不吃太多食物。故选A项。]7．Howdoestheauthorconvincereaderstobelievehisopinion?A．Byexplainingsomeconcepts.B．Byusingmanyexperts'words.C．Byaskingmanyspecificquestions.D．Bygivingsomeexamples.D [推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，作者通过介绍一项研究实验来论证自己的观点，而第四段至第六段作者举例说明不同的人应该吃什么健康零食，所以作者是通过举例来让读者信服他的观点的。故选D项。]8．Whocanbenefitfromdriedfruitsindailylife?A．Anathletewhoneedstomaintainhisweight.B．Achildwhoiseagertogrowupquickly.C．Agirlwhowantstowarmherselfinwinter.D．Apatientwholongstodecreasehisbloodsugar.C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Driedfruits(raisins，currants，apricots)helpyoustockuponiron.Ifyoutendtofeelcoldinwinter，keepraisinshandy.”可知，如果你冬天容易感到冷的话，可以把葡萄干放在手边，当作零食。由此可知，想要在冬天让自己暖和起来的女孩会从葡萄干这种干果中受益。故选C项。]Ⅱ.完形填空(山东省胶东示范校2020届高三下学期联考)Itstartedoutasanordinaryday.Iwasshoppingwhenit1methatIhadpromisedtodoareadingchallenge.Withthisinmind，Ipickeda2byRachelHollisandwenthome.ShortlyafterIsatdownreading,mydogstartedbarking.3，Ithrewthebookdownontothecushionto4thedog.WhenIreturned,Ifounda(n)55dollarbillonthefloor.Assumingitflewoutofthebook,Iglancedthroughpagesinthe6offindingaclue.Ithenfoundanotebetweenthechapters.It7，“Tothepersonwhobuysthisbook：I'mhavingahardday.MaybeIcould8someoneelse'swiththislittlegift...”Ithoughtitwassomeonereally9thatshiftedtheenergyonsuchabad\ndayto10someoneelse's.IfIwashaving11days,I'djustwanttosettlebackeatingicecream!Ithensharedthesweetgestureonawebsite,whichreceivedthousandsoflikes.NowIam12withresponsesfrompeoplewhohavebeen13topaythegooddeedforward.Ihopethecountlessnewstorieswill14theauthorofthenote,sothatshecouldknowthe15ofhersimplekindness.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者买回家一本书，意外发现里面夹着一张钞票和便条，原来是一个陌生人在自己不如意的一天给别人准备的礼物。作者将这一善举上传到网上后，引发了一连串的善行。1．A.worried B．reminded C．hit D．shockedC [结合语境和下文中的“Withthisinmind”可知，作者正在购物时，突然想起自己曾承诺要进行一项阅读挑战。hit后跟sb.，可以表示“使某人突然想起”。]2．A.listB．noteC．recordD．workD [想到了这件事，作者挑选了一本RachelHollis的书，然后回家了。work“著作，(艺术)作品”。]3．A.EventuallyB．ConsequentlyC．GraduallyD．SuddenlyB [作者坐下看书后不久，她的狗就开始叫了起来。因此她把书扔到垫子上，去查看她的小狗。根据语境可知，空处前后之间是因果关系，所以此处用副词consequently“结果，因此，所以”。]4．A.checkonB．bringinC．holdupD．findoutA [参见上题解析。]5．A.movingB．amusingC．confusingD．satisfyingC [作者发现在地上莫名其妙多了一张5美元的钞票，感到很惊奇。confusing“令人困惑的”。]6．A.expectationB．formC．directionD．processA [作者假定钱是从书中飞出来的，于是翻阅书页，希望能找到线索。intheexpectationof“希望……，期待……”。]7．A.writesB．readsC．showsD．means\nB [作者发现了一张夹在书中的便条，上面写的有内容。read“(指示牌、信上等)写着”。]8．A.observeB．memorizeC．lengthenD．brightenD [此处表示“我这一天过得不好，也许我可以用这个小礼物使别人有愉悦的一天”。brighten“使更开心，使更有趣”。]9．A.creativeB．elegantC．energeticD．specialD [根据上文的内容以及下文作者拿自己与写便条的人作对比“IfIwashaving...settlebackeatingicecream！”可知，写便条的人某一天的日子很艰难，但却转移精力去改善别人的一天，作者认为这样的人很特别。special“特殊的，特别的”。]10．A.praisingB．improvingC．understandingD．noticingB [结合语境以及上文提到的“withthislittlegift”可知，写便条的人想改善别人的一天。improve“改善”。]11．A.busyB．pleasantC．toughD．boringC [上文中的“I'mhavingahardday”“onsuchabadday”暗示了此处是作者拿自己与写便条的人作对比。tough“艰苦的，艰难的”。]12．A.floodedB．associatedC．facedD．providedA [作者现在收到了很多人的回复。befloodedwithsth.“大量收到某物”。]13．A.interestedB．inspiredC．recommendedD．urgedB [他们被这一善举鼓舞(inspired)，都以实际行动把这种善行传递下去。]14．A.changeB．helpC．connectD．reachD [根据下文中的“sothatshecouldknow”可知，作者希望这些新的故事最终能传到便条的作者那里。reach“得知(信息)”。]15．A.purposeB．spreadC．impactD．reputationC [作者希望便条的作者能充分了解到自己的善举所带来的影响。impact“影响”。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·新高考八省联考卷)Likemanyotherstudents，youmayhavevarious\npeople，1.________(include)familymembersandfriends，givinginputonyourcollegedecision.Whilemanyofyourtrustedrelativesandpeers(同龄人)mayhavevery2.________(value)advicethatcanhelpyoutomakethedecision，finallythechoiceisyoursandyoursalone.Onlyyoucanfullyrealizewhichaspectsofacollegewillmakeyoutrulyhappyand3.________(satisfy)，sokeepthatatthefrontofyourmind.Moreover，fullyconsidereachoption.Itcanbeeasy4.________(let)aparticularschoolbecomeafrontrunnerearlyon5.________yourdecisionmakingprocess，anditmayevenbecomethewinningchoice—butbesuretocarefullyevaluateeveryschool6.________hasacceptedyou，sinceyouhadparticularreasonsforapplyingtoeachschool.Dokeep7.________openmind.Studentscanchangemajors，butrememberthatthere'snorelivingacertainsemester(学期)，andthere'snomakingupforlosttime.Don'tgotoaschool8.________(specific)forahighschoolrelationship9.________tomakesomeoneelsehappy.A10.________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown，andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是关于学生该如何选择自己要上的学校的建议，说明了虽然亲戚和朋友可能有非常有价值的建议，但还是要自己做决定，充分考虑每一种选择，保持开放的心态，把自己的教育放在首位。1．including [考查介词。句意：像许多其他学生一样，你可能会有各种各样的人，包括家庭成员和朋友，为你的大学决定提供意见。结合句意表示“包含……在内”，后跟名词familymembersandfriends作宾语，应用介词including。故填including。]2．valuable [考查形容词。句意：虽然许多你信任的亲戚和同龄人可能有非常有价值的建议，它可以帮助你做决定，但是最终的选择要你自己做出，也只能靠你自己做出。修饰后文名词advice，作定语，应用形容词valuable。故填valuable。]3．satisfied [考查形容词。句意：只有你才能充分意识到大学哪些方面会让你真正感到快乐和满足，所以要把这一点放在心上。此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处修饰人应用ed结尾形容词satisfied，作宾补。故填satisfied。]4．tolet [考查非谓语动词。句意：在你做决定的早期阶段，把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的，它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校，因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的理由。此处为“itbe＋adj.＋todosth.”句型，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故填tolet。]5．during\n [考查介词。句意：在你做决定的早期阶段，把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的，它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校，因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的理由。结合语境表示“在……期间”可知应用during。故填during。]6．that [考查定语从句。句意：在你做决定的早期阶段，把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的，它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校，因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的理由。此处为定语从句修饰先行词school，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，且由every修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。]7．an [考查冠词。句意：一定要保持开放的心态。结合句意表示“保持开放心态”短语为keepanopenmind。故填an。]8．specifically [考查副词。句意：不要专门为了一段高中恋情或者让别人开心而去一所学校上学。修饰后文介词短语forahighschoolrelationship，应用副词specifically，作状语。故填specifically。]9．or [考查连词。句意：不要专门为了一段高中恋情或者让别人开心而去一所学校上学。否定句中，表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。]10．student's [考查名词所有格。句意：一个学生的大学经历是他或她自己的，学生必须把他或她的教育放在首位。此处student与后文collegeexperience构成所属关系，结合后文“hisorherown”可知指一个学生的大学经历，故应用有生命的名词所有格形式student's。故填student's。]
