课时提能练(七)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(湖北省2020年高三4月调研考试)Manypeoplebelievethatthereisoneformoftheirlanguagethatismorecorrectthanothers.Forexample,theymaybelievethatBritishEnglishismorecorrectthanothervarieties；orthatwrittenEnglishismorecorrectthanspokenEnglish;orthatstandardspokenformsaremorecorrectthandialectforms.Oftenthisbeliefissupportedbyreferencebooksongrammar,usageguidesordictionaries：Ifsomethinggoesagainstaruleinagrammar,orifthewordisn'tinthedictionary,it“mustbewrong”.Sincethereferencebooksareoftenbasedonobservationofthestandardwrittenlanguage,the_argument_is_really_circular:Thesebookswillnaturallydescribestandardusage,becausethatiswhattheyarefor;butthisdoesnotmeanthatthereisanythingwrongwithotherkindsofusagelessoftendescribed.Abetterwayoflookingatthingsistosaythatusageis“correctinitsplace”.StandardAmericanEnglishiscorrectinAmerica,BritishEnglishiscorrectinBritain,spokengrammarisacceptedincasualspeeches,andformalwrittengrammarisemployedinformalwriting.Theonlyformsthatarewronginallcontexts(语境)arelearners'errors.Forexample,“Ihaveforgettingtheyouraddress.”or“Oneofyourchairsarebroken.”Thismeansthereisnoanswertothequestion：“WhatkindofEnglishshouldlearnersstudy？”Itdependsontheirpurposes.Formanylearners,thebestmodelisBritishorAmericanEnglish.Neitheroftheseis“better”thantheother,andtheyarebothusedandunderstoodworldwide.Peoplearealsoworriedaboutlanguagechange.Ifyoungerpeople“break”therulesthatolderpeoplehavelearned,oruselanguageinnewways,olderpeopleoftenfeeldisturbed:Theyareconcernedthatyoungerpeoplenolongerknowtheirgrammar，andthatthelanguageisgoingdownhill.Thisisaneedlessworry:Changeisnaturalandinevitable;itcannotbestopped,anditdoesnotgenerallyaffectalanguage'sefficiencyasacommunicativetool.AgreatdealofmodernEnglishgrammarwouldhavebeenwrongthreehundredyearsago,andwillperhapsbewrongagainthreehundredyearsfromnow.【语篇解读】\n 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了不同的语境决定了不同的语言使用方法，所以作者认为，没有所谓“一定正确”和“一定错误”的语言。同时我们也不必担心语言的发展变化，它通常不会影响语言作为交流工具的有效性。许多现代英语语法在三百年前是错的，也许三百年后又变成错的。1．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean?A．Learnersarealwaysconfusedaboutthereferencebooks.B．Usagesnotmentionedinthereferencebooksarenotnecessarilywrong.C．Nobodycanchallengetheauthorityofthereferencebooks.D．Somewrongusagescanbefoundinthereferencebooks.B [句意猜测题。根据第一段中的“butthisdoesnotmeanthatthereisanythingwrongwithotherkindsofusagelessoftendescribed”可知，作者认为这些参考书自然会描述标准用法，但这并不意味着参考书中未提及的用法一定是错的。故选B项。]2．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Thereisno“standardEnglish”．B．AmericanEnglishisbetterthanBritishEnglish.C．AlearnershouldmasterallthedistinctionsofdifferentEnglish.D．TherearedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.A [主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Abetterwayoflookingatthingsistosaythatusageis‘correctinitsplace’．StandardAmericanEnglishiscorrectinAmerica，BritishEnglishiscorrectinBritain...”可知，作者认为不存在所谓“标准英语”。学习者应该学什么样的英语？这个问题没有答案。所以本段主要说的是没有“标准英语”。故选A项。]3．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph3canbemostprobablyreplacedwith________.A．unbelievable B．uncountableC．unacceptableD．unavoidableD [词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线词后的“itcannotbestopped”可知，此处是说，语言变化是自然和不可避免的，它不能被阻止，也通常不会影响语言作为一种交流工具的效率。所以画线词应意为“不可避免的”，与unavoidable意义相近。故选D项。]4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthechangesofEnglish?A．Disturbed.B．Cautious.C．Optimistic.D．Aggressive.C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Peoplearealsoworriedaboutlanguagechange.”和“Thisisaneedlessworry：Changeisnaturalandinevitable；itcannotbestopped，anditdoesnotgenerallyaffectalanguage'sefficiencyasacommunicativetool.”可推知，作者对于英语的变化是持乐观态度的。故选C项。]B\n(广东省深圳市2020年普通高中三年级统一测试)Onedayaftermorethanamonthofclasses,Ireadaloudaparagraphfrommybook，recognizingallofthecharacterssmoothlyexceptone.Isatbackandstartedtoregisterasenseofachievement:IwasactuallyreadingChinese.Thelanguagewasstartingtomakesense.Butbeforethesenseofsatisfactionwashalfformed，TeacherLiaosaid,“Budui！”Itmeant,literally,“Notcorrect.”Youcouldalsotranslateitas“no”“wrong”“nope”“uhuh”and“flatlyandclearlyincorrect”.ThereweremanyChinesewordsthatIdidn'tknow，butIknewthatonewell.Avoiceinmyheadwhined“Alloftherestofthemwereright；isn'tthatworthsomething？”ButforTeacherLiaoitdidn'tworklikethat.Ifonecharacterwaswrong,itwassimplybudui.“What'sthisword？”Iasked,pointingatthecharacterIhadmissed.“Zhe—thezheinZhejiang.”“Thethirdtone？”“Thefourthtone.”Ibreatheddeeplyandreadthesectionagain,andthistimeIdiditperfectly.Thatwasavictory—IturnedtoTeacherLiaoandmyeyessaid(oratleastIimaginedthemsaying)“Howdoyoulikemenow？”Thereseemedtobesomesatisfactioninhereyes,butshesimplysaid,“Readthenextone.”Itwasherwayofteaching.Successwasexpectedandfailurewascriticizedandimmediatelycorrected.Youwererightoryouwerebudui；therewasnomiddleground.Igrewtohatebudui.Thebuwasarisingtoneandtheduidroppedabruptly,justasmyconfidencewasbuiltandthenitbrokedownallatonce.AnditbotheredmeallthemorebecauseIknewthatTeacherLiaowasonlytellingthetruth：EverythingIdidwiththelanguagewasbudui.Iwasanadult,andasanadultIshouldbeabletoacceptcriticismwhereitwasneeded.Butthatwasn'ttheAmericanway；Iwantedtobepraisedformyeffort；Ididn'tmindcriticismaslongasitwascandycoated.ForTeacherLiao,thesingleBonthereportcardmattersmuchmorethanalltheA'sthatsurroundit:Keepworking;youhaven'tachievedanythingyet.AndsoIworkedharder.IwasfrustratedbutIwasalsostubborn;IwasdeterminedtoshowTeacherLiaothatIwasdui.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者在学习汉语时遇到了一位汉语老师，她的教授方式不同于美国人的教授方式，由此引发了作者的一番感想。\n5．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“whined”inParagraph3?A．Burstout. B．Gavein.C．Returned.D．Complained.D [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Alloftherestofthemwereright；isn'tthatworthsomething？”可知，作者脑海中的声音是：其他汉字都读对了，难道这不值一提吗？由此可知，此处应是作者的抱怨，故选D项。]6．WhatdidtheauthorexpectfromTeacherLiaoafterhetriedagain?A．Immediatecorrection.B．Anewchallenge.C．Anencouragingresponse.D．Astrictcomment.C [推理判断题。根据第八段中的“...IturnedtoTeacherLiaoandmyeyessaid(oratleastIimaginedthemsaying)‘Howdoyoulikemenow？’”可知，作者这一次读对了，于是转向廖老师，眼神似乎在说“现在你觉得我怎么样？”，由此可知，作者希望得到老师的赞扬，故选C项。]7．HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutTeacherLiao'swayofteaching?A．Candycoated.B．Weaknessfocused.C．Interestdriven.D．Criticismabsent.B [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“ForTeacherLiao，thesingleBonthereportcardmattersmuchmorethanalltheA'sthatsurroundit：Keepworking；youhaven'tachievedanythingyet.”可知，对于廖老师来说，成绩单中的一个B比所有的A更重要。由此可知，作者认为廖老师的教授方式是强调不足。故选B项。]8．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．TheauthorwasstrugglingwithLiao'steaching.B．TheAmericanwayofteachingisbetterforadults.C．Theauthorwasnotgiftedinlanguagelearning.D．TeacherLiaowasnotfriendlytoherstudents.A [推理判断题。根据文中所描述的作者期待受到老师的表扬却没有得到，作者对比廖老师的教授方式和美国人的教授方式，以及最后一段中的“Iwasfrustrated”可知，作者在廖老师的教授方式下感受到了挫败。由此可推知，作者吃力地适应着廖老师的教授方式。故选A项。]CWatchingkids'cartoonscanbeaneffectivewaytolearnalanguage.Thebasic\nplotlinesofkids'cartoonsarefairlysimpleandthecharactersspeakmoreslowly,andthedialogistypicallystandardandcasual.Herearefourworldwidepopularkids'cartoonswhichmayhelpyouwithyourlanguagelearning.PeppaPigPeppaPig,thepinkpiggy,hasgainedworldwidepopularity.ThereareevenvideosshowinganAmericanchildspeakinginaBritishaccenttohermomafterwatchingthepopularcartoon.TheSimpsonsTheSimpsonsinthe90'swassmart,culturallysavvy(有见识的),andunbelievablyentertainingTVaboutanaverageAmericanfamily.Atitsheight,noshow—animatedorotherwise—couldreachTheSimpsons'greatness.Fromtheclevernessof“Margevs.theMonorail”toeverythingLisaSimpsoneversaid,TheSimpsonswasfearlessandgamechangingtelevision.OnceUponaTimeOnceUponaTimeisaFrencheducationalanimation,createdbyProcidis.Therearesevenseries,eachfocusingondifferentaspectsofknowledge.Thesearemostlyhistorical,focusingontheoverallhistoryofmankindorspecifiedhistoricalfields,suchasthelivesandachievementsoftheexplorersorinventors.SazaesanSazaesanismorethanakids'show.It'saculturalinstitution,anationaltreasureandthelongestrunninganimatedseriesintheworld,ever!It'saboutatypicalJapanesebigfamilylivingtogetherinTokyo.Thecentralcharacterisanoutspokenbutsomewhatclumsywomaninherearly20s,livingwithherhusband,son,father,mother,brotherandsisterallunderoneroof.Allofthecharactersarecolorfulandfunny,andallarenamedafterfish!【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述看儿童动画片可能是学习语言的有效途径。本文主要介绍了四部动画片，可以帮助外语学习者很好地学习外语。9．WhydoestheAmericangirlspeakinaBritishaccent?A．ShewasbornandbroughtupinBritain.B．PeppaPighasstronglyinfluencedher.C．TheBritishaccentispopularinAmerica.D．Shewantstomakefunofhermother.B [细节理解题。根据PeppaPig部分第二句“ThereareevenvideosshowinganAmericanchildspeakinginaBritishaccenttohermomafterwatchingthepopular\ncartoon.”可知，一位美国的小女孩看过动画片《小猪佩奇》后用英国口音和她母亲说话，是因为这部动画片对她影响很大。故选B项。]10．Whatwillafanofhistorychoosetowatch?A．PeppaPig. B．TheSimpsons.C．OnceUponaTime.D．Sazaesan.C [细节理解题。根据OnceUponaTime部分的“Thesearemostlyhistorical，focusingontheoverallhistoryofmankindorspecifiedhistoricalfields”可知，历史爱好者可能会选择观看《曾几何时》(OnceUponaTime)，因为这一动画系列的大部分内容是关于历史的，故选C项。]11．WhatcanyoulearnaboutSazaesanfromthetext?A．ItisaboutanaverageAmericanfamily.B．Itisnotedforitslongplayingtime.C．ItisawellreceivedFrenchcartoon.D．Itincludessevendifferentseries.B [细节理解题。根据Sazaesan部分的“It'saculturalinstitution，anationaltreasureandthelongestrunninganimatedseriesintheworld，ever！”可知，它是世界上播出时间最长的一部动画片，故选B项。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(济南市2020年5月高三模拟考试)It'simpossibletoprovideanexactnumberofwordsinEnglish，sincenewwordsarebeingaddedtothedictionary,andfallingoutofuseconstantly.1Theshortansweris,aboutamillion.Doubtyouknowanythingevenclosetoamillionwords?Thatnumberincludesanynumberoflegal,medical,scientific,andmechanicaltermsthatmostpeoplewillnevermeetintheirdaytodaylives.2The“million”numberalsoincludesthemany,manywordsthathavefallenoutofusethroughoutthetime.3Considertheword“diddle”，aslangtermfromthe1700sthatmeans“gin”．ManyEnglishspeakerswouldrecognize“gin”，butfarfewerwouldrecognize“diddle”．Ifamillionwordsistheabsoluteupperlevel,howdoesthatcomparewiththegeneralvocabularyofmostEnglishspeakers？4MostEnglishspeakingadultsknowbetween20,000and30,000words.Andinadditiontothosemanythousandsofwords，they'reprobablyabletocomprehendagood20,000morejustfromcontextclues.5Youwon'tfindasingledictionaryanywherethatincludesclosetothetotalmillionwords.Oneofthereasonsisthatgeneralusagedictionariesdon't\nincludelotsoftechnicalterms—bothbecausetheyareuncommonand,insomecases,becauseoflength.ThelongestwordintheEnglishlanguageisatermfromchemistrythatisusedtoidentifyacertainkindofprotein.Itis180,000letterslong.Soyoucertainlywon'tseeitinthedictionary.A．Butwhat'sthenumber?B．Morethanyoumightthink!C．Thatdoesn'tamounttothewholelot,though!D．Then,howmanywordsarethereinadictionary?E．Whilewordsliketheseareveryuncommon,theystillcount.F．Ifyourecognizetheseuncommonwords,wesadlynolongerusethem.G．Thoughremovedfromthedictionary,theywerestillcountedasEnglishwords.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章围绕英语中有多少单词展开，解释了英语中大约一百万个单词的构成及我们很难找全的原因。1．A [考查承上启下句。根据下文答语“Theshortansweris，aboutamillion”可知，空处应为问句，提问数量。故A项符合语境。]2．E [考查细节支撑句。根据前句可知很多专业词汇人们在日常生活中并不会遇到。故后句继续展开陈述，即使这些词汇不常见，但是它们仍然重要。]3．G [考查细节支撑句。根据空前的“The‘million’number...manywordsthathavefallenoutofuse”可知，百万单词包含很多已经不再使用的单词。又根据设空后举的例子“gin”可知，这些词会被很多人认识。故这些不常用的词仍然被算入英语单词。]4．B [考查细节支撑句。根据设空前的句子可知，一百万个单词绝对是需要很高的水平。但是这是不能与人们常用的词汇相比较的。又根据空后的“MostEnglishspeakingadultsknowbetween20,000and30,000words...justfromcontextclues”可知，尽管人们掌握的常用词达不到一百万那么多，但也不少，也是大家所想不到的。故选B。]5．D [考查细节支撑句。根据设空后句可知一本词典不可能包括所有近百万的单词。故前句应为对一本词典中所包含单词数量进行发问。故选D。]
