北京市2022高考英语（新人教版）一轮复习练习手册（5）附详细解析课时作业(五) [必修1 Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero](限时：45分钟)完形填空（二）MyhusbandJeffandImovedintoournewhomeinScottsblufflastyearjustbeforeChristmas.Ididnothavethe1orenergytocarryoutmytraditionalChristmasdecoratingandbakingactivities.Whatwasthepoint,anyway?Itwasgoingtobea2Christmasafterall.__3__,theneighborlynatureofwestNebraskaresidentsstartedtotrickle(陆续来临)in.Therewasa4onthedooroneevening.ItwasJeff’snewcolleague,JohnSmith,andhiswife,Phyllis.TheSmithshadstoppedbyto5ustotownwithaloafofhomemadebread.Theypointedouta6ontheporch(门廊).Apparentlythedoorbellwasn’tworkinginthecoldsnowyweatherandwehad7avisitfromtheBrowns,ouracross-the-streetneighbors,whobroughtusaChristmascardandmoreChristmascookies.The8feelingsbroughtbythesethoughtfulgestureslastedlongerthanthefood.AsJeffandIwereclearingpre-Christmas9fromourdriveway,ErnieGuzmancameoverfromnextdoorto10ustodigout.Then,wereceivedaninvitationto11aChristmasEvemealwithourneighbors,ErnieandNancySommer,andtheir12—a90-year-oldlady,whoalsohadnofamilyintheimmediateareawithwhomtospendtheholiday.OurChristmasEvewasquitemerry,thankstoour13.OurChristmasmorning14wasspecial,thankstotheSmiths’giftofbread.Iwasso15forthesegesturesofwelcome,especiallyduringtheholidays.Thisyear,wewereagainunabletobewithourfamiliesforChristmas.The16andworkschedulesjustmadethingstoodifficult.17thatsenseofChristmas11\nisolation(孤立)alltoowell,wedecidedtotrytoroundupsomeotherfolkswhowere18intheholidays.Lonelypeopleareallaroundus,butmostofus19noticethem.Justtakealookaroundyou.Sometimes,thesmallest20gesturecanmakeaworldofdifference.1.A.chanceB.timeC.anxietyD.ability2.A.merryB.freeC.lonelyD.usual3.A.ThereforeB.MeanwhileC.SomehowD.However4.A.cardB.signC.knockD.note5.A.welcomeB.inviteC.driveD.send6.A.treeB.packageC.mailD.flower7.A.forgotB.arrangedC.receivedD.missed8.A.deepB.trueC.warmD.mixed9.A.snowB.rubbishC.dustD.leaves10.A.teachB.helpC.urgeD.forbid11.A.shareB.prepareC.tasteD.exchange12.A.auntB.guestC.maidD.partner13.A.folksB.relativesC.colleaguesD.neighbors14.A.callB.greetingC.breakfastD.meeting15.A.sorryB.eagerC.readyD.grateful16.A.distanceB.expenseC.seasonD.situation17.A.StudyingB.ShowingC.KnowingD.Discovering18.A.aloneB.busyC.happyD.active19.A.alwaysB.seldomC.finallyD.usually20.A.carefulB.patientC.vagueD.kind【解题导语】作者和她的丈夫在圣诞节前搬家到了内布拉斯加州斯科茨布拉夫(Scottsbluff)，远离自己的亲戚，本以为会孤单地度过那个圣诞节，可是友好的当地人送来了浓浓的温情，作者过了个非常温馨的圣诞节，……1.【解析】选B。作者和丈夫刚刚搬家到Scottsbluff，有许多的事情要打理，故应是“没有时间和精力”来准备圣诞节。11\n【解题误区】本题易误选A。chance机会，与语境相符。2.【解析】选C。根据文章倒数第四段中whoalsohadnofamilyintheimmediateareawithwhomtospendtheholiday.以及文章最后一段第一句话可知，选项C正确。【解题误区】本题易误选D。usual通常的，惯常的，根据下文的讲述可知，那次圣诞节与以往不一样，故选项D不正确。3.【解析】选D。此处与上文构成转折关系，与本来预料的情况相反。However但是，与语境相符。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“因此”；选项B的意思是“在此期间”；选项C的意思是“不知怎么地”，均与语境不符。4.【解析】选C。根据下文Apparentlythedoorbellwasn’tworkinginthecoldsnowyweather可知应是“敲门”【解题误区】选项A的意思是“卡片”；选项B的意思是“招牌，符号”；选项D的意思是“便条”，均与语境不符。5.【解析】选A。作者是刚刚搬到Scottsbluff，故史密斯夫妇应是带着自家做的一条面包来表示欢迎。【解题误区】本题易误选B。学生可能只注意到结构“invitesb.to…”invite邀请，与语境不符6.【解析】选B。他们指着门廊的一个包裹(包裹)，与下文包裹中的东西(aChristmascardandmoreChristmascookies)相呼应。【解题误区】本题易误选C。mail是邮件的意思，根据下文可以排除。7.【解析】选D。根据上文可知，作者是错过(miss)了布朗夫妇的一次拜访。【解题误区】本题易误选A。选项A的意思是“忘记”，从文章中看不出作者和布朗夫妇在之前有约定，故也不可能有忘记之说。8.【解析】选C。由这些体贴入微的表示所带来的温暖的(warm)感觉比起食物来持续得更久。【解题误区】本题易误选A。作者讲述的这件事的基调是温情，故deep“深厚的”不恰当。9.【解析】选A。作者夫妇正在清除(住宅前的)车道上圣诞节前的积雪(snow)。【解题误区】本题易误选B。选项B的意思是“垃圾”，(住宅前的)车道上有垃圾不合常理。10.【解析】选B。隔壁的ErnieGuzman过来帮忙(help)铲雪。11\n【解题误区】选项A的意思是“教”；选项C的意思是“催促”；选项D的意思是“禁止”，均与语境不符。11.【解析】选A。sharesth.withsb.与某人分享某物。【解题误区】本题易误选C。文章此处表达的意思是“ErnieandNancySommer邀请作者夫妇共进圣诞晚餐”而taste是品尝的意思，故选项C不正确。12.【解析】选B。ErnieandNancySommer还邀请了另一位客人(guest)。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“姨；姑”；选项C的意思是“女仆”；选项D的意思是“搭档”，均与文意不符。13.【解析】选D。根据文章倒数第四段可知，作者夫妇应是与他们的邻居(neighbors)ErnieandNancySommer以及另一位女士共进圣诞晚餐【解题误区】选项A的意思是“亲属；人们”；选项B的意思是“亲戚”；选项C的意思是“同事”，均与语境不符。14.【解析】选C。根据下文thankstotheSmiths’giftofbread可知，此处表达的意思应是：圣诞早餐(breakfast)很特别。【解题误区】本题易误选A或B。选项A的意思是“拜访”；选项B的意思是“问候”，均与下文语义联系不紧密。15.【解析】选D。作者对于人们的欢迎的表示心怀感激(grateful)。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“抱歉的”；选项B的意思是“渴望的”；选项C的意思是“准备好的”，均与语境不符。16.【解析】选A。今年因为距离(distance)和工作日程使得作者夫妇又不能和家人一起过圣诞节。文章倒数第四段中whoalsohadnofamilyintheimmediateareawithwhomtospendtheholiday.对于选择A项是一个提示。【解题误区】选项B的意思是“费用”；选项C的意思是“季节”；选项D的意思是“情况”，在文中难以看出与之有关的暗示。17.【解析】选C。……因为非常了解(know)圣诞孤立，【解题误区】本题易误选D。选项D的意思是“发现”，与语境不符。18.【解析】选A。因为非常了解(know)圣诞孤立，所以我们决定把其他的在假日中独自一人的(alone)人们聚在一起。【解题误区】本题易误选B。文章讲述的是在作者现在生活的这个地方孤独的人是如何在圣诞节日期间得到温情的，而选项B的意思是“繁忙的”，与语境不符。19.11\n【解析】选B。孤独的人在我们周围，但我们很少(seldom)注意到他们。句中的连接词but是解题的关键。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“总是”；选项C的意思是“最后”；选项D的意思是“通常”，均与语境不符。20.【解析】选D。有时一个小的善意的(kind)表示能够带来很大的不同。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“小心的”；选项B的意思是“耐心的”；选项C的意思是“模糊的”，均与语境不符。***************************************************************结束Ⅰ.单项填空1．Wheneverwearein________trouble,weshouldneverlose________heart.A．a;theB．a;aC．/；/D．/;the2．PrincipalWhitehasbeenworkingintheschoolforabout20years,________allhisenergytoteachingandresearchingaswellastherunningofahealthyschool.A．devotedB．devotingC．todevoteD．anddevote3．Withthemoneyearnedfromtheschoolgarden,thestudentsboughtablackboard,chairsandotherthingsto________a“greenclassroom”．A．packupB．setupC．addupD．comeup4．Ican'tsayI'mthebest.Ihaveonly________mademoreeffortsthanothers.A．definitelyB．relativelyC．obviouslyD．certainly5．Apartfromtheopeningandclosingceremoniesandsomekeymatches,ticketpricewillbe________toordinarypeople.A．availableB．considerableC．acceptableD．practical6．Thetwonurses________100，000yuanbythepolicebutdonatedittovictimsoftheexplosion.A．rewardedB．wouldberewardedC．havebeenrewardedD．hadbeenrewarded7．She'shavingalotoftroublewiththenewcomputer,butshedoesn'tknowwhomto________．A．turntoB．lookforC．dealwithD．talkabout8．Thelastthirtyyears________thegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress.Untiltodaywehavereachedastage________wehavealmostnorightsatall.A．saw;whichB．see;whereC．areseeing;inwhichD．haveseen;where9．—Doyouknowanythingnewabouttheincident?11\n—Aworkingparty________tolookintotheproblem.A．wassetupB．hasbeensetupC．hasbeensettingupD．issettingup10．Thelittleboyisluckyenoughtohaveescaped________todeathinthebigfire.A．burningB．tobeburnedC．beingburnedD．tohavebeenburned11．Theislandis________attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.A．partlyB．merelyC．nearlyD．equally12．YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhad________thepoorboywhowashurtseriously.A．helpB．tohelpC．helpedD．helping13．Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforafewhours________adecision.A．theyreachedB．didtheyreachC．theyreachD．dotheyreach14．________Imethim，hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.A．ForthefirsttimeB．ThefirsttimeC．ThefirsttimewhenD．Whenthefirsttime15．Shepretendedtobecalmbut________shewasmorethannervousatthetimeshewasbeingquestioned.A．inactualB．actuallyC．asmatteroffactD．inafactⅡ.阅读理解AInanidealworld,peoplewouldnottestmedicinesonanimals.Suchexperimentsarestressfulandsometimespainfulforanimals,andexpensiveandtimeconsumingforpeople.Yetanimalexperimentationisstillneededtohelpbridgevastgapsinmedicalknowledge.Thatiswhytherearesome50to100millionanimalsusedinresearcharoundtheworldeachyear.Europe,onthewhole,hastheworld'smostrestrictivelawsonanimalexperiments.Evenso,itsscientistsusesome12millionanimalsayear,mostofthemmiceandrats,formedicalresearch.Officialstatisticsshowthatjust1.1millionanimalsareusedinresearchinAmericaeachyear.Butthatismisleading.TheAmericanauthoritiesdonotthinkmiceandratsareworthcountingand,asthesearethemostcommonlaboratoryanimals,thetruefigureismuchhigher.JapanandChinahaveevenlesscomprehensivedatathanAmerica.NowEuropeisreformingtherulesgoverninganimalexperimentsbyrestrictingthenumberofanimalsusedinlabs.Alternativestoanimaltesting,suchasusinghumantissueorcomputermodels,arenowstronglyrecommended.Inaddition,sharingallresearchresultsfreelyshouldhelptoreducethenumberofanimalsforscientificuse.Atpresent,scientistsoftenshareonlytheresultsofsuccessfulexperiments.Iftheirfindingsdonotfitthehypothesisbeingtested,theworknever11\nseesthelightofday.Thispracticemeanswastingtime,money,andanimals'livesinendlesslyrepeatingthefailedexperiments.Animalexperimentationhastaughthumanityagreatdealandsavedcountlesslives.Itneedstocontinue,evenifthatmeansanimalssometimessuffer.Europe'snewmeasuresshouldeventuallybothreducethenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentsandimprovethewayinwhichscientificresearchisconducted.16．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Thesuccessofanimalexperimentsshouldbeensured.B．Banontheuseofanimalsinthelabshouldbeenforced.C．Greatereffortsneedtobetakentoreducethenumberoflabanimals.D．Scientistsshouldberequiredtosharetheirresearchresultswitheachother.17．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutanimalsusedinthelab?A．Americausesonlyabout1.1millionlabanimalsperyear.B．Europedoesnotusemiceandratsaslabanimalsatall.C．BritaindoesnotuseasmanylabanimalsasChinadoes.D．Japanhaslimiteddataonthenumberoflabanimalsusedeachyear.18．Whichofthefollowingismentionedasanalternativetoreplaceanimalexperiments?A．Statisticalstudies.B．Computermodels.C．DNAplantedinanimals.D．Tissuefromdeadanimals.19．Whatusuallyhappenstounsuccessfulanimalexperiments?A．Theyarenotrevealedtothepublic.B．Theyaremadeintoteachingmaterials.C．Theyarecollectedforfuturepublication.D．Theyarenotremovedfromtheresearchtopiclist.BTodaywewillexplainaveryoldsayingthathashadabiginfluenceonrockandrollmusic.Thatsayingis“Arollingstonegathersnomoss”．Ithasseveralmeanings.Onemeaningisthatapersonwhoneversettlesdowninoneplacewillnotbesuccessful.Anotheristhatsomeonewhoisalwaysmoving,withnorootsinoneplace,avoidsresponsibilities.Thisproverbwassaidtobefirstusedinthe1500s.Butinthe1960s,theexpression“rollingstone”becamefamousintheworldofrockandrollmusic.Itbecamethenameofasong,arockgroupandamagazine.ExpertssayitallstartedwithasongbytheAmericansingerandguitaristMuddyWaters.Hewasoneofthecountry'stopbluesmusiciansuntilhisdeathin1983.HismusicinfluencedsingerslikeElvisPresleyandBobDylan.In1950,MuddyWatersrecordedasongcalled“RollingStone”．ABritishrockgroupissaidtohavetakenitsnamefromMuddyWaters'song.TheRollingStonesperformedforthefirsttimein1962.Thegroup'smemberscalledthemselves“theworld'sgreatestrockandrollband”．11\nIn1965,BobDylanreleasedhissong“LikeaRollingStone”．Itisoneofhisbestknownandmostinfluentialworks.Itisanangrysongaboutawomanwhowasoncerichandsuccessful.Butnowsheisonherown，“withnodirectionhome,likeacompleteunknown,likearollingstone”．In1967,ayoungmannamedJannWennerstartedamagazineandhenamedit“RollingStone”．Themagazinereportedonrockmusicandthepopularculturethatthemusiccreated.By1971，“RollingStone”hadbecometheleadingrockmusicandcounterculturepublication.Itisstillpopulartoday.20．Whichpersoncanbedescribedasarollingstoneaccordingtotheproverb?A．Apersonwhoalwayschangeshisjobs.B．Apersonwhohasasuccessfulcareer.C．Apersonwhohasnofamily.D．Apersonwhoisoutofwork.21．Allofthemaremusiciansexcept________．A．ElvisPresleyB．BobDylanC．MuddyWatersD．JannWenner22．Whofirstused“rollingstone”asanameformusic?A．JannWenner.B．BobDylan.C．ElvisPresley.D．MuddyWaters.Ⅲ.书面表达最近我校举办了一次英语书法比赛。大部分同学们积极参与，但少数同学书写不好，也不愿改善。请你根据以下提示，给《二十一世纪报》写一篇短文，分析该现象产生的原因并发表自己的看法。现象一些学生不善书写，也不愿改善书写原因1.可以借助电脑，没有必要练字；2．功课太忙，没时间练字；3．练字见效慢，很难练好。你的看法…… 注意：1．词数120左右；2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。Inordertoarousethestudents'interestinEnglishlearningandenrichourschoollife,…________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案课时作业(五)Ⅰ.1.C 考查冠词的用法。introuble处于困境中；loseheart失去信心。2．B 考查非谓语动词的用法。devote的逻辑主语就是主句的主语PrincipalWhite,后面有宾语allhisenergy，所以用现在分词表主动。3．B 考查动词短语辨析。setup成立，建立，符合句意。packup包起来；addup11\n加起来；comeup出现。4．B 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不能说自己是最好的，相对而言，我只是比别人付出更多努力而已。definitely意为“肯定地，当然地，明确地”；relatively意为“相对地，比较地”；obviously意为“显然地”；certainly意为“当然，一定”。根据句意可知B项正确。5．C 考查形容词辨析。acceptable可接受的，与to搭配，符合句意。available可用的；considerable相当多(或大、重要等)的；practical实际的。6．D 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知，reward所表示的动作发生在“donated”这一动作之前，所以用过去完成时；分析句子结构可知，“reward”与“thetwonurses”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选D。7．A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她新买的电脑使用起来很困难，但她不知道向谁求助。turnto求助于；lookfor寻找；dealwith处理；talkabout谈论。8．D 考查动词的时态和定语从句。句意：在过去这30年中，我们已经见证了……，故用现在完成时；stage作先行词，后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where。9．B 考查动词的时态。句意：已经成立一个工作小组去调查这个问题了。故用现在完成时的被动语态。10．C 考查动词的用法。escape后跟动名词作宾语；由于主语thelittleboy是burn动作的承受者，所以要用动名词的被动式。11．D 考查副词的用法。根据本句后半部分的内容可知这座岛屿在春天和秋天同样吸引人，所以用equally表示“相等地，同样”。12．D 考查固定搭配。将句子成分greattrouble放回原处，即havetrouble(in)doing可知答案是D。13．B 考查倒装结构。句意：只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。only修饰时间状语从句且位于句首时，主句应采用部分倒装的形式。根据状语从句的时态可以确定主句应用一般过去时态。故选B。14．B 考查名词短语的连词功能。thefirsttime相当于一个连词，意为“第一次……”。15．B 考查词语辨析。句意：她假装镇静但实际上在被提问时她十分紧张。actually实际上，相当于infact,asamatteroffact。Ⅱ.A用动物进行试验被人们的舆论推向了风口浪尖，然而，受诸多因素的影响，终止动物实验的道路依然任重而道远。尽管欧洲有严格的法律限制，但是仍然需要另找突破口。16．C 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出用动物进行试验难以杜绝的原因，第二段提到欧洲对动物实验的法律限制的效果并不理想，第三段讲了欧洲为限制动物实验所作出的努力，最后一段提到欧洲的新措施应该既要减少用于实验的动物的数量，又要改善科学研究的方法，所以C项最能概括文章大意。17．D 正误判断题。第二段的最后一句提到日本和中国与美国的数据相比甚至更不全面，由此可推知日本对每年用于实验室动物的数据记录有限。18．B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的内容可知可用“人体组织”和“电脑模型”来取代动物实验。19．A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的倒数第二、第三句可知，科学家们只分享成功的试验，如果结果与假设不符，所做的工作将不公开。由此可推断不成功的试验不会展示给公众。11\nB本文讲述的是谚语Arollingstonegathersnomoss.“滚石不生苔，改行不攒财”对滚石音乐的影响以及《滚石》杂志的诞生。20．A 推理判断题。从第一段的最后两句话可知这句谚语有两种含义，一种是那些不安心待在某个地方的人不会成功，另一种是那些扎不下来根儿的人不负责任。A项指的是经常换工作的人，符合题意。21．D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知ElvisPresley，BobDylan和MuddyWaters都是音乐家；根据最后一段可知JannWenner是开办杂志《滚石》的人。故选D。22．D 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“ExpertssayitallstartedwithasongbytheAmericansingerandguitaristMuddyWaters.”可知，rollingstone作为音乐的名字最早是被MuddyWaters使用的。Ⅲ.Onepossibleversion：Inordertoarousethestudents'interestinEnglishlearningandenrichourschoollife,weheldanEnglishHandwritingCompetition.Manystudentstookanactivepartintheactivity.However,somestudentswhoarepoorathandwritingdon'twanttoimprovetheirhandwriting.Thereasonsareasfollows：Ononehand,theythinkthatthereisnoneedtowastetimeimprovingtheirhandwritingbecausetheycanjustuseacomputer.Ontheotherhand,theybelievethattheyaretoobusywiththeirstudiestofindtimetopractice.Besides,practicinghandwritingissodifficultthattheycan'tmakegreatprogressinashorttime.Inmyview,students'beautifulandneathandwritingisbeneficialtothemselves.What'smore,goodhandwritingisalwaysappreciatedbypeople,especiallybyteachers.Therefore,moreemphasisshouldbeplacedonthisaspectinfuture.一、导语 Whatdoesbeautyreallymean？Everybodyhasowndefinition.Thestandardofbeautychangeswithdifferentsociety，cultureandnations.Someholdthepointthatthebeautifulappearanceisofgreatimportance，whichisvisibletoall.Othershavetheideathatthespiritualbeautyistheloveliestone,whichlastslong.Howeverdifferentitmightbe，theiropinionsareallacceptable. 什么是美呢？每个人都有自己的定义。美的标准因社会、文化和国度不同而产生差异。有的人认为相貌上的美是最重要、最直观的美，有的人则认为心灵上的美才是最可爱、最长久的美。无论哪种美，这些对美的定义都是有道理的。 二、创设情境 以“Whatisbeautyinyourmind”为主题，发表自己的看法，题目自拟。要求：1.行文流畅，观点鲜明；2.内容丰富，层次分明；3.词数150左右。 三、学生习作 Beautywillbuynobeef11\n Everyoneadmiresbeauty.Nowadayssomepeopletendtothinkthattheyownbeautyiftheyhaveagoodlooking.Theyarenotsatisfiedwiththeirappearance.Theyspendmuchmoneytakingakindofoperation.Canbeautyreallybeman-made？Ifso，everybodycangetbeauty.Asaresult，thereisnobeautyatall. Theappearanceisgivenbyourparentsandisuniqueintheworld.Everyoneshouldvalueit.I’d①ratherprefernatureasthestandardofbeauty.Justacceptyourself,accepteverythingthegodgivestoyou，andcreatethebeautifullife②belongtoyou. Manyheroesdon’thavebeautifulsurface.However，theirbeautifulimagesoftencometoourminds.Theirbeautycomesfromtheircontributionstothesociety. Don’tbeeagertojudgewhetherapersonisbeautifulornotwithoutathoroughunderstandingofhim.Abeautifulpersonisnottheonewithagoodlooking，butwithabroadandkindheart. Goodlookingispleasantwhilespiritualbeautyismoreimportant.Asanoldsayinggoes，“Virtueisfairerthanbeauty.”Ifyouhaveakindheart，youownrealbeauty. 【点评】 本文以谚语“漂亮不能当饭吃”为题，直截了当地亮出了自己的观点。全文以“美德胜于美貌”为主线，阐述了“追求外形的美而放弃了内在的美不是真正的美”。文章观点鲜明，结构严谨，用词恰当，作者能运用谚语来强化自己的观点，有较强的英语语言组织能力和表达能力。 本文有两处语言错误：①I’dratherprefer应改为 I’dprefer。wouldrather表示“宁愿”，prefer也是“宁愿”的意思，两者不能连用在一起。②belongto改为belongingto，在此处作定语。*******************************************************结束11
