专题一第3课时字斟句酌-驾驭推理判断类题目题组一 体验真题Passage1体裁：议论文 话题：咖啡馆 词数：340 时间：7′(2022·新课标全国卷Ⅰ，D)ConflictisonthemenutonightatthecafeLaChope.Thisevening，asoneveryThursdaynight，psychologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance'sfavoritepastimes，coffeedrinkingandthe“talkingcure”.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.Itisn'talwayseasy.Thecustomers—somethirtyParisianswhopayjustunder$2(plusdrinks)persession—arequicktointellectualize(高谈阔论)，slowtoopenupandconnect.“Youareforbiddentosay‘onefeels，’or‘peoplethink’，”Lehannetoldthem.“Say‘Ithink，’‘Thinkme’.”Acafesocietywherenointellectualizingisallowed？Itcouldn'tseemmoreun－French.ButLehanne'spsychologycafeisaboutmorethanknowingoneself：It'stryingtohelpthecity'stroubledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears，ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle—longerworkinghours，afast－foodboomandayoungergeneration'sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology，history，andengineeringarecatchingon，fillingtableswellintotheevening.Thecity's“psychologycafes”，whichoffergreatcomfort，areamongthemostpopularplaces.Middle－agedhomemakers，retirees，andtheunemployedcometosuchcafestotalkaboutlove，angeranddreamswithapsychologist.AndtheycometoLehanne'sgroupjusttolearntosaywhattheyfeel.“There'sastrongneedinParisforcommunication，”saysMauriceFrischacafeLaChoperegularwhoworksasareligiousinstructorinanearbychurch.“Peoplehavefewrealfriends.Andtheyneedtoopenup.”Lehannesaysshe'dliketoseepsychologycafesalloverFrance.“Ifpeoplehadnormallives，thesecafeswouldn'texist，”shesays，“Iflifeweren'tabattle，peoplewouldn'tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.”Butthen，itwouldn'tbeFrance.\n【语篇解读】 这是一篇议论文。作者从LaChope咖啡馆的经营特色谈起，介绍了巴黎的一些主题咖啡馆经营理念的变化及其大受欢迎的原因。1.WhatarepeopleencouragedtodoatthecafeLaChope?A.Learnanewsubject.B.Keepintouchwithfriends.C.Showofftheirknowledge.D.Expresstheirtruefeelings.答案 D [推理判断题。根据短文第一段第二句可知，顾客在这里可以学着与他们内心的真实情感取得联系。亦即将自己的真实情感表达出来。故答案为D。]2.HowarecafesaffectedbyFrenchlifestylechanges?A.Theyarelessfrequentlyvisited.B.Theystayopenforlongerhours.C.Theyhavebiggernightcrowds.D.Theystarttoservefastfood.答案 A [推理判断题。由第二段“Overtheyears，ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle...”一句可知，在过去的几年里，巴黎咖啡馆的生意因法国人生活方式的变化而受损。由此可以推断，人们不再那么频繁地光顾咖啡馆了。因此答案为A。]3.Whatarethemecafesexpectedtodo?A.Createmorejobs.B.Supplybetterdrinks.C.Savethecafebusiness.D.Servetheneighborhood.答案 C [推理判断题。第二段最末两句所传达的信息是：许多主题咖啡馆似乎要改变这种状况。那些聚集心理、历史和工程的咖啡馆大受欢迎，顾客盈门。据此可以判断这些咖啡馆是想通过改变管理理念挽回惨淡的生意。因此答案为C。]4.WhyarepsychologycafesbecomingpopularinParis?A.Theybringpeopletruefriendship.B.Theygivepeoplespiritualsupport.C.Theyhelppeoplerealizetheirdreams.D.Theyofferaplatformforbusinesslinks.\n答案 B [推理判断题。根据短文最后一段的前两句可知，料理家务的中年人，退休及失业人员来到这些心理咖啡馆，敞开心扉，与心理专家谈论爱恨情仇，以期获得精神上的支持。offergreatcomfort(提供慰藉)为解答本题的关键信息。因此答案选B。]Passage2体裁：说明文 话题：求生 词数：340 时间：7′(2022·北京卷，A)TheBoyMadeIt!OnSunday,Nicholas,ateenager,wentskiingatSugarloafMountaininMaine.Intheearlyafternoon,whenhewasplanningtogohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.Unabletoseefar,heaccidentallyturnedoffthepath.Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!Hedidn'thavefood,water,aphone,orothersupplies.Hewasgettingcolderbytheminute.Nicholashadnoideawherehewas.Hetriednottopanic.HethoughtaboutallofthesurvivalshowshehadwatchedonTV.Itwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.Hedecidedtostopskiing.Therewasabetterchanceofsomeonefindinghimifhestayedout.Thefirstthinghedidwastofindshelterfromthefreezingwindandsnow.Ifhedidn't,hisbodytemperaturewouldgetverylow,whichcouldquicklykillhim.Usinghisskis,Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthemiddle.Thenhepiledbranchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.Bythatevening,Nicholaswasreallyhungry.Heatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearbystreamsothathisbodywouldn'tlosetoomuchwater.Notknowinghowmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddled(蜷缩)inhiscaveandslept.Thenextday,Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp,buthecouldn'tfindanyone.Hefollowedhistracksandreturnedtothesnowcave,becausewithoutshelter,hecoulddiethatnight.OnTuesday,Nicholaswentoutagaintofindhelp.Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.Aftertwodaysstuckinthesnow,Nicholaswassaved.\nNicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstormhaditnotbeenforTV.HehadoftenwatchedGrylls'survivalshowManvs.Wild.That'swherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhislife.Ineachepisode(一期节目)ofManvs.Wild,Gryllsisabandonedinawildareaandhastofindhiswayout.WhenGryllsheardaboutNicholas'amazingdeeds,hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了十几岁的青少年Nicholas在滑雪时遭遇暴风雪迷了路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。5.WhathappenedtoNicholasoneSundayafternoon?A.Hegotlost.B.Hebrokehisskis.C.Hehurthiseyes.D.Hecaughtacold.答案 A [细节理解题。由第一段Beforeheknewit，Nicholaswaslost，allalone！可知Nicholas在滑雪时突遇暴风雪而迷路。选A。]6.HowdidNicholaskeephimselfwarm?A.Hefoundashelter.B.Helightedsomebranches.C.Hekeptonskiing.D.Hebuiltasnowcave.答案 D [细节理解题。由第三段Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.和tostayaswarmashecould可知，Nicholas为了保持自己体温不降低，他建了一个雪洞。选D。]7.OnTuesday,Nicholas________.A.returnedtohissheltersafelyB.wassavedbyasearcherC.gotstuckinthesnowD.stayedwherehewas答案 B [细节理解题。由第五段Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.\n可知星期二，当Nicholas走出大约一英里的地方时一位自愿搜寻者找到了他。选B。]8.NicholasleftGryllsaverydeepimpressionbecausehe________.A.didtherightthingsinthedangeroussituationB.watchedGrylls'TVprogramregularlyC.createdsometipsforsurvivalD.wasveryhard－working答案 A [推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.可知，Grylls这个人想表达Nicholas能在如此困难的情况下活下来是非常了不起的。选A。]Passage3体裁：记叙文 话题：人物故事 词数：357 时间：7′(2022·江西卷，A)Larrywasonanotherofhisunderwaterexpeditions(探险)butthistime，itwasdifferent.Hedecidedtotakehisdaughteralongwithhim.Shewasonlytenyearsold.Thiswouldbeherfirsttripwithherfatheronwhathehadalwaysbeenfamousfor.Larryfirstbegandivingwhenhewashisdaughter'sage.Similarly，hisfatherhadtakenhimalongononeofhisexpeditions.Sincethen，hehadneverlookedback.Larrystartedoutbyrentingdivingsuitsfromthesmalldivingshopjustalongtheshore.Hehadhatedthem.Theywereeithertoobigortoosmall.Then，therewastheinstructor.Hegavehimashortlessonbeforeallowinghimintothewaterwithhisfather.Hehadmadeanexception.Larrywouldneverhavebeenabletogodownwithoutatleastfivehoursoftheoryandanothersimilarnumberofhoursonpracticallessonswithaguide.Childrenhisagewerenotevenallowedtodive.Afterthefirstexpedition，Larry'slaterdivingadventuresonlygotbetterandbetter.Therewasneveradullmoment.Inhisblackandbluesuitandwithanoxygentankfastenedonhisback，Larrydivedfromboatsintothemiddleoftheocean.Dangerousareasdidnotpreventhimfromcontinuinghissearch.Sometimes，hiswaslimitedtoacageunderwaterbutthatdidnotbotherhim.Atleast，hewasstillabletotakephotographsoftheunderwatercreatures.\nLarry'sfirstexpeditionwithouthisfatherwasintheCaymanIslands.TherewerenumerousdivingspotsintheareaandLarrywasdeterminedtovisitallofthem.Fortunatelyforhim，amanofferedtotakehimaroundthedifferentspotsforfree.Larry_did_not_even_know_what_the_time_was，how_many_spots_he_dived_into_or_how_many_photographs_he_had_taken.ThedivingspotsaffordedsuchawidearrayoffishandseacreaturesthatLarrysawmorethanthirtyvarietiesofcreatures.Larrylookedathisdaughter.Shelookedasexcitedashehadbeenwhenhewasherage.Hehopedshewouldbeabletocontinuethefamilytradition.Already，shelookedlikeshewasmuchbraverthanLarryhadbeenthen.Thiswasthekeytoasuccessfulunderwaterexpedition.【语篇解读】 这是一篇写人的记叙文。受父亲熏陶，Larry从十岁起就跟着父亲学潜水，进行水下探险。如今他要带着比当年自己还要勇敢的女儿进行探险之旅。9.InwhatwaywasthisexpeditiondifferentforLarry?A.Hisdaughterhadgrownup.B.Hehadbecomeafamousdiver.C.Hisfatherwoulddivewithhim.D.Hisdaughterwoulddivewithhim.答案 D [细节理解题。短文首句“...butthistime，itwasdifferent.Hedecidedtotakehisdaughteralongwithhim.”是答题的依据。]10.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Larryhadsomeprivileges.B.Larrylikedtherenteddivingsuits.C.Divershadtobuydivingequipment.D.Ten-year-oldchildrenwerepermittedtodive.答案 A [推理判断题。由“madeanexception(破例)，作为例外”及第二段末句“Childrenhisagewerenotevenallowedtodive.”提供的信息可以看出Larry受到特别待遇。]11.WhydidLarryhavetostayinacageunderwatersometimes?A.Toprotecthimselffromdanger.\nB.Todiveintothedeepwater.C.Toadmiretheunderwaterview.D.Totakephotosmoreconveniently.答案 A [细节理解题。第三段中间“Dangerousareasdidnotpreventhimfromcontinuinghissearch.”一句说明A项正确。迷惑较大的D项可由第三段末尾一句排除。]12.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheunderlinedsentence?A.Larrydidn'twearawatch.B.Larrywasnotgoodatmath.C.Larryhadapoormemory.D.Larryenjoyedtheadventure.答案 D [句意推断题。探险活动让Larry忘记了时间，可见他是多么地投入；不记得到过多少地方，也不清楚拍了多少照片，说明他探险次数之多。如此地乐此不疲只能说明Larry非常热爱探险。]13.WhatdidLarryexpecthisdaughtertodo?A.Becomeasuccessfuldiver.B.Makeagooddivingguide.C.Takealotofphotosunderwater.D.Havelongerhoursoftraining.答案 A [推理判断题。由文末一句“Thiswasthekeytoasuccessfulunderwaterexpedition.”可知答案。]Passage4体裁：记叙文 话题：人生经历 词数：288 时间：6′(2022·山东卷，B)ItwasoneofthoseterriblyhotdaysinBaltimore.Needlesstosay，itwastoohottodoanythingoutside.Butitwasalsoscorchinginourapartment.Thiswas1962，andIwouldnotliveinaplacewithanair－conditionerforanothertenyears.SomybrotherandIdecidedtoleavetheapartmenttofindsomeplaceindoors.Hesuggestedwecouldseeamovie.Itwasabrilliantplan.Movietheaterswereoneofthefewplacesyoucouldsitalldayand－mostimportant－sitinairconditioning.Inthosedays，youcouldbuyoneticketandsit\nthroughtwomovies.Then，thetheaterwouldshowthesametwomoviesagain.Ifyouwantedto，youcouldsitthroughthemtwice.Mostpeopledidnotdothat，butthemanageratourtheater，Mr.Bellow，didnotmindifyoudid.Thatparticularday，mybrotherandIsatthroughbothmoviestwice，tryingtoescapetheheat.Weboughtthreebagsofpopcornandthreesodaseach.Then，wesatandwatchedTheMusicManfollowedbyTheManWhoShotLibertyValance.We'dalreadyseenthesecondmovieoncebefore.IthadbeenatthetheatersinceJanuary，becauseMr.BellowlovedanythingwithJohnWayneinit.Weleftthetheateraround8，justbeforetheeveningshowsbegan.Butwereturnedthenextdayandsawthesametwomoviesagain，twicemore.Andwediditthenextdaytoo.Finally，onthefourthday，theheatwavebroke.Still，tothisdayIcansinghalfthesongsinTheMusicManandrecitehalfofJohnWayneandJimmyStewart'sdialoguefromTheManWhoShotLibertyValance！ThosememoriesaresomeofthefewIhaveoftheheatwaveof1962.They'rereallymemoriesofthescreen，notmemoriesofmylife.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，记述了“我”对以前“热天”里的生活回忆。14.Inwhichyeardidtheauthorfirstliveinaplacewithanairconditioner?A.1952.B.1962.C.1972.D.1982.答案 C [数字计算题。根据第一段“Thiswas1962，and...foranothertenyears.”可知。]15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph3referto?A.Theheat.B.Thetheater.C.TheMusicMan.D.TheManWhoShotLibertyValance.答案 D [代词指代题。根据第三段We'dalreadyseenthesecondmovieoncebefore，因此“it”指上句中的第二部电影。]16.WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Bellow?A.Helovedchildrenverymuch.B.HewasafanofJohnWayne.\nC.Hesoldairconditioners.D.Hewasamoviestar.答案 B [推理判断题。第三段中最后一句提到第二部电影，TheManWhoShotLibertyValance自从一月份就开始在剧院上映，是因为Bellow先生喜欢关于在该电影出演的JohnWayne的一切，由此可推断Bellow先生是Wayne的粉丝。]17.Whydidtheauthorandhis/herbrotherseethesamemoviesseveraltimes?A.Thetwomovieswerereallywonderful.B.Theywantedtoavoidtheheatoutside.C.Themanagerofthetheaterwasfriendly.D.Theylikedthepopcornandthesodaatthetheater.答案 B [推理判断题。根据文章第二、三段可知，作者与他的哥哥为了避暑而重复地看电影。]18.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorturnedouttobeagreatsinger.B.Theauthorenjoyedtheheatwaveof1962.C.Theauthor'slifehasbeenchangedbythetwomovies.D.Theauthorconsiderstheexperienceatthetheaterunforgettable.答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句话可以推断出答案。]Passage5体裁：记叙文 话题：真诚交流 词数：375 时间：7′(2022·湖北卷，A)BeforeIhadmyson，Ispenttwoyearsworkingwithchildrenwithdisabilities.Ilearnedthatshoutingandthreatsofpunishmentwouldresultinadisaster.Comingupagainsttheirbehaviourcouldonlymakethejobharderandtheirbehaviourmoreextreme.Ifoundsomethingthatworked，though.Therewasaverynaughtyboyinthenurseryandateacherwhowasgenerallyveryconfidentwiththechildrenwasaskedtotakechargeofhim.Onedaytheboyjoinedasessionintheroomnexttomine.Hisappearancecreatedanatmosphereoftension.Hespenttheentiresessionrunningaround，hittingandkicking，anddestroyingproperty.Iwasinthecraftroomworkingwithsomeotherchildrenwhenmyco－workertoldmethatthisboy'steacherwasintears，andcouldnotgetcontrolofthe\nsituation.Asweweretalking，theboyranin.Itoldmyco－workerthatIwouldtakecareofhim.Iclosedthedoor.Hewasfullofenergy，throwingthingsaroundandmakingahugemess.ButIcouldseethathewasdoingallthesetoannoyme.Heneededconnection，andthiswastheonlywayheknewhowtoaskforit.SoIsatbackdownandkeptquiet.Thenhesloweddownandbeganmakingarocket.Italkedtohimaboutit.WecontinuedlikethisforafewminutesbeforeIslippedintotheconversation：“Sowhathappenedtoday？”Itwaspurelyaquestion，noblameorangerinmytone.IbelievethatifIhadcriticizedhim，thegatethatwasslowlyopeningwouldhaveshutfirmlyclosed.Hetoldmethattheteacherdidn'tlethimdowhatheknewwellduetosafetybutaskedhimtodowhathedisliked.Healsoadmittedthathehadenjoyedmakingherrunaroundandsawitasagame.Iexplainedthathisteacherhadnotseenitasagameandwasveryupset.Thisagainwasstatedsimplyasafact.Isuggestedthatnexttimehehadasession，hetalkaboutwhathehopedtodoatthestart，whichmightbeeasierforeveryone.Heagreedandwasquietforamoment.Thenhelookedatmewithtearsinhiseyesbeforequietlyaskingifhecouldgotofindhisteachertoapologize.【语篇解读】 作者通过和一个小男孩相处的故事，告诉我们，大声地批评和恐吓调皮的孩子只能使事情变得更糟糕，给予孩子更多的时间和宽容可以使事情变得好起来。19.Theboymadetroubleforhisteacherbecausehe__________.A.wasaccusedofdestroyingpropertyB.wastoldnottoyellatotherchildrenC.wasmadetodothingsagainsthiswillD.wasblamedforcreatinganairoftension答案 C [细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“Hetoldmethattheteacherdidn'tlethimdowhatheknewwellduetosafetybutaskedhimtodowhathedisliked.”可知，老师让他做他不喜欢的事情。]20.Whydidn'ttheauthordoanythingabouttheboy'sbadbehavioratfirst?A.Shedidn'twanttomakeitworse.B.Shedidn'tmindthehugemessatall.\nC.Shewastiredofshoutingandthreats.D.Shehadn'tthoughtofacopingstrategy.答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段第2至3行ButIcouldseethathewasdoingallthesetoannoyme.Heneededconnection，andthiswastheonlywayheknewhowtoaskforit.SoIsatbackdownandkeptquiet.可知作者一开始不去纠正这个男孩的不良行为是因为这是孩子特有的表达方式，作者要做的不是批评、要求孩子，而是耐心地等孩子平静下来。同时，作者处理这件事的方式与全文主题句Ilearnedthatshoutingandthreatsofpunishmentwouldresultinadisaster相对应。故选A。]21.Theauthormanagedtogettheboytotalktoherby________.A.playinggameswithhimB.givinghimagoodsuggestionC.describinghisteacher'sfeelingsD.avoidingmakingcriticalremarks答案 D [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句IbelievethatifIhadcriticizedhim，thegatethatwasslowlyopeningwouldhaveshutfirmlyclosed.答案为D。]22.Whydidtheboyhavetearsinhiseyesintheend?A.Hewassorryabouthisreputation.B.Hewasregretfulabouthisbehavior.C.Hewasfearfuloftheauthor'swarning.D.Hewassadfortheauthor'smisunderstanding.答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句Thenhelookedatmewithtearsinhiseyesbeforequietlyaskingifhecouldgotofindhisteachertoapologize可知男孩要向老师道歉，为自己之前的行为感到后悔，故选B。]题组二 尝试模拟Passage1体裁：议论文 话题：心理健康 词数：310 时间：7′(2022·南昌二模)Moreandmorepeoplecometorealizethatnegativeself－talkandnegativeenergycanaffectyouinmanywaysandcauseyouadditionalstress.Becauseofthis，developingmorepositiveself－talkisanimportantwaytoreducestressinyourlife.Youcanhelpyourselfmaintainapositiveframeofmind，which\nwillhelpwithpositiveself－talkbysurroundingyourselfwithpositiveenergyinyourlife.Youcangetthatbyaddingsomeelementstoyourlife.Listeningtomusicthatnotonlyhasapleasantmelody，butanupliftingmessage，canbegreatfordevelopingpositiveself－talk.Haveyoueverhadasong“stuck__in__your__head”forafewhoursordays，thelyricsrepeatingthemselvesinyourmind?Ifthoselyricswerepositiveandinspirational，thatwouldbeagoodthing.It'samuchbettermentalsoundtracktohavethanarunningstreamofcomplaints，criticismsofself－limitingthoughts，orevensongsthathadmoredepressingorsadlyrics.Booksonstrength，personalpower，enlightenment，orself－helpcanbegoodresourcestohelpyouchangeyouroutlookandthethingsyousaytoyourself.Ratherthanbringinghabitualself－defeatingthoughts，youcanfindyourselfthinkingofnewcan－doconceptswhentimesgettough.Oneofthemostimportantwaysyoucangetandkeeppositiveenergyinyourlifeiswiththecompanyyoukeep.Doyourfriendsupliftyou，orbringyoudown?Aretheycritical，orapproving?Idealfriendshipsprovidesupportwhenyou'redown，funwhenyou'reup，wisdomwhenyou'relost.Goodfriendscaninspireyoutoreachgreaterheights，andseeyourstrengthsevenwhenyoudon'talways.Payattentiontohowyourfriendsmakeyoufeel，andifthey'relessthansupportive，startputtingyourenergyandtimetowardpeoplewhoarebettersuitedtobeyourfriends.Inaddition，positiveaffirmations(肯定)cancertainlychangeyourself－talkfromnegativetopositive.Now，whynotbeginworkingpositiveaffirmationsintoyourlifeinsomecreativeways?【语篇解读】 越来越多的人认识到，消极的自我对话和负能量在很多方面会影响你，使你产生额外的压力。因此，我们要用多种方法来为我们营造充满正能量的环境。1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Addingsomecolorfulelementstoyourlife.B.Changingyourself－talkwithpositiveaffirmations.C.Gettingpositiveenergyfromthecompanyyoukeep.D.Reducingstressbysurroundingyourselfwithpositiveenergy.\n答案 D [主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是首段中的“developingmorepositiveself－talkisanimportantwayto...surroundingyourselfwithpositiveenergyinyourlife.”可知，选D。]2.Ifyouhavesomething“stuckinyourhead”，you'llprobably________.A.bedevelopingpositiveself－talkB.regardthelyricsofasongaspositiveC.keepthinkingofthisthingallthetimeD.keepsingingthesamesongforalongtime答案 C [短语猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“forafewhoursordays，thelyricsrepeatingthemselvesinyourmind”可推测出选C。]3.Accordingtothepassage，yourbestcompanyshouldbethosewho________.A.upliftyouorbringyoudownB.aresupportivewhenyouarestrongC.providefunwhenyou'redepressedD.encourageyoutodothingsbetter答案 D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Goodfriendscaninspireyoutoreachgreaterheights”可推断出选D。]4.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Somegreatwaysofmakinggreatfriends.B.Hownegativeself-talkinfluencesaperson.C.Somecreativewaysofpracticingaffirmations.D.Howpositiveself-talkreducesstressinone'slife.答案 C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Now，whynotbeginworkingpositiveaffirmationsintoyourlifeinsomecreativeways”的暗示可判断出，接下来的一段可能会谈论“Somecreativewaysofpracticingaffirmations”。]Passage2体裁：议论文 话题：家庭作业 词数：290 时间：5′(2022·合肥二检)Afterstudentscomehomefromatiringdayatschool，theytendtoworryalotabouttheirhomework.WhetherstudentsareworkingonEnglishorchemistryhomework，theyaresimply\nworkingontheassignmentinordertogetitdone，attemptingtomemorizetheconceptsforthetimebeinganddonotabsorbanyoftheinformationafterward.Studentsarewastingtheirtimeoninsignificantassignmentsratherthaneffectivelyusingthattimetoachieveotheraccomplishments.Accordingtowww.dailymail.commanyparentsareconcernedthathomeworkisbeingassignedratherthanbeingusedtointegrate(整合)whatteachersarecoveringintheclassroom.Intheireyes，iflesshomeworkisassigned，studentswouldhavelessstressandcouldfocusmoreontheirpassionsandhobbies.Homeworkgetsinthewayofparticipatingincommunityserviceeventsaswellasopportunitiesforgettingajoborbeingapartofanextra－curricularactivity.Theseresponsibilitiesareimportantforteenagerstotakeonbecausetheypreparetheteenagersforthe“realworld”.Withouttheproperexposuretoworkthatisnotschool－related，studentswillfindthemselveslostaftertheygraduate.Ifhomeworkwerenolongergiven，studentswouldhavemoretimetomatureinotherfieldsratherthanbeingeducatedonlyonacademics.Inspiteofthefactthatteacherswantstudentstodobetterintestsandabsorbthematerialthattheyareteaching，homeworkisnotaccomplishingitspurpose.Becauseschoolisbecomingincreasinglymorecompetitiveandchallenging，homeworkisbecomingasetbackratherthanextrapractice.Itsremovalwouldbenefitthewell－beingofteenagersaswellasencouragethemtogetoutinthe“realworld”anddiscoverthemselvesinsteadofstaringatapileofassignments.【语篇解读】 这是一篇议论文。学生在学校上了一天的课，回到家里还要担心家庭作业。本文评论了“家庭作业”这一现象，认为学生放学后应该有时间进行各种社会活动，而不是回家就埋头做与自己的生活无关的家庭作业。家庭作业会削弱学生的社会生存能力。5.Studentsarewastingtheirtimeoninsignificanthomeworkbecause________.A.theyareworkingonitcarelesslyandhurriedlyB.theyattempttogetonlypartoftheinformationmemorizedC.theyspendtoomuchtimedoingitwithoutunderstandingD.theyfailtotakeintheinformationafterfinishingit\n答案 D [细节理解题。由第二段中的“attemptingtomemorizetheconceptsforthetimebeinganddonotabsorbanyoftheinformationafterward”可知，学生虽然一直在忙着做作业，但是他们仅仅将它当成任务去完成，而并没有吸收任何知识或信息，因此选D。]6.Manyparentsthinkthatteachersshould________.A.helpstudentsintegratethehomeworkB.simplifywhattheyteachintheclassroomC.reducehomeworktodevelopstudents'owninterestsD.assignmoreeffectivehomeworkforstudents答案 C [细节理解题。由第二段中的“Intheireyes，iflesshomeworkisassigned，studentswouldhavelessstressandcouldfocusmoreontheirpassionsandhobbies”可知，学生家长希望能减少家庭作业，多发展孩子的兴趣爱好，因此选C。]7.Fromthethirdparagraph，wecaninferthathomeworkmight________.A.leavestudentslackofjobopportunitiesB.makestudentslosethesenseofresponsibilitiesC.weakenstudents'socialadaptationabilityD.causestudentstofeellostaftergraduation答案 C [推理判断题。第三段说，如果给学生布置家庭作业，那么他们就没时间参与社区服务、课外活动等，就不能了解“realworld”，如果没有家庭作业，学生就能在其他领域成长，因此选C，作者觉得布置家庭作业会削弱学生的社会适应能力。]8.Theauthorinsiststhathomeworkshouldbe________.A.madesimplerandeasierB.completelycancelledC.connectedwithsocialactivitiesD.switchedovertosubjectcompetitions答案 B [推理判断题。最后一段作者说，家庭作业正在成为学生的障碍而非额外的训练(asetbackratherthanextrapractice)，应该取消(Itsremovalwouldbenefitthewell－beingofteenagers)，因此选B。]Passage3\n体裁：记叙文 话题：人生真谛 词数：290 时间：5′(2022·吉林重点学校高三第一次调研)Onceuponatime，BirbalandAkbarwalkedalongsideabeautifullake.AsimplequestionoccurredtoBirbal:howfaramancangotohavemoney?HeexpressedittoAkbar，whosatdownandtouchedthewaterinthelakewhilelisteningtoBirbal.Heatoncetookhishandoutrealizingthebitingcold.Heexclaimedthatnoonewouldeverspendanightinthiscoldwaterforanyamountofmoney.Birbalbelievedthatsomeonecould.AkbarasdeterminedonhisbeliefaseverchallengedBirbaltobringonesuchperson，andhewouldgrantthatmanonethousandgoldcoins.Birbalkeptlookingforsuchamaneverywhereuntilhefoundone.Hehappenedtobeapoorguydesperateenoughtoriskacoldnighttohavethegoldcoins.Akbar，hearingthenews，senthistrustyguardstomakesurethatthepoorguystayedinwaterforthewholenight.Surprisingly，thenextmorning，thepoormancametoAkbaraftercompletinghischallenge，soundandhealthy，anddemandedhismuchawaitedreward.Akbarcouldn'tbelieveitandaskedhowhemanagedtospendthewholenightoutthere.Thepoormantalkedaboutalightpostthathesawaroundthelakewhichhekeptinfocusallnight.Hebelievedthatbykeepinghisattentionfocusedonthelamp，hemanagedtoavoidthinkingaboutthecold.Tohissurprise，Akbarrefusedtogivehimthegoldcoinsasheusedlamp'senergytokeephimselfwarm.Thepoorman，disappointedandhurt，informedBirbal.Birbaldidn'tmakeittothecourtnextday.WhenAkbarinquired，Birbalconveyedthemessagethathecouldn'tmakeitunlesshiskhichdi(早餐)wasready.Afterwaitingforseveralhours，AkbaralongwithhisguardswenttovisitBirbal.Birbalhadapotofkhichdihangingfromtheroofoftheroomseveralfeetawayfromthefire.AkbaraskedBirbalhowheexpectedforafiretocookkhichdifromsuchadistance.Birbalveryintelligentlyrepliedthatheusedthesamewaythepoormanreceivedwarmthfromalamppostsofarawayfromhimself.Akbaronceleftspeechlessandhadtopaythepoormanintheend.\n【语篇解读】 为了测试一下为了挣钱人们会做什么，Birbal和Akbar想到了冰冷的湖水，看看有没有人愿意为钱在水中待一夜，结果一位穷人做到了，却没有得到应得的报酬。聪明的大臣想办法解决问题，使国王兑现了承诺。9.Thepoormanwasusedtotest________.A.whetherhewasdeterminedornotB.howloyaltheguardswerewhiletheywereonamissionC.whatrolethelightplayedwhilepeoplewereindangerD.whatpossibleactionamanmaytaketogetmoney答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AsimplequestionoccurredtoBirbal:howfaramancangotohavemoney”可得出答案，这样做的目的是测试人们为了挣钱会做什么。]10.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAkbarandBirbalare________.A.masterandhisservantB.kingandhisofficialC.fatherandsonD.generalfriends答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Birbaldidn'tmakeittothecourtnextday”“AkbaralongwithhisguardswenttovisitBirbal”可推知，二人为君臣关系。]11.Judgingfromthepassage，Birbalcanbedescribedas________.A.determinedandbraveB.intelligentandhelpfulC.considerateandgenerousD.cleverandhumorous答案 B [推理判断题。根据文章末尾处可以看出Birbal非常聪明而且是乐于助人的。他用了“以其人之道还治其人之身”的方法让国王认同自己的想法——从灯处获取温暖是不可能的，进而帮助穷人获得应有的报酬。]Passage4体裁：说明文 话题：气候变化 词数：340 时间：7′(2022·唐山二模)Scientistspredictthatoneoftheworld'scoldestcountriescouldbecoveredbythickforestsinsteadoffrozenicesheetsbytheendofthecentury，asclimatechangebringsaboutthe“greeningofGreenland”.\nTodayonlyfourtypesoftreesgrowontheisland，limitedtosmallareasinthesouth.Morethanthree－quartersofGreenlandiscoveredbyice.Butbytheyear2100，“Greenlandcouldbecomealotgreener，”saysProfessorSmithfromAarhusUniversityinDenmark.“PinetreeforestslikethoseinAlaskaandCanadawillbeabletospreadovermostofGreenland.Anditwillprovidenewopportunitiesforlocalpeople.”TheresearchpublishedintheJournalofBiologicalSciencesshowsthat，withexpectedlevelsofwarming，manyNorthAmericanandEuropeantreesandbusheswillbeabletothriveinnowice－coveredareasofcentralandnorthernGreenland.Thespeedofforestgrowthwillincreaseastheplanetwarmsandnewtreescouldcovermorethan400，000squarekilometres—anareaalmostthesizeofSweden—bytheendofthecentury.ThechangeislikelytoalterGreenland'senvironmentgreatly，leadingtothelossofArcticanimalsandplants.Ontheotherhand，therecouldbesignificantcommercialbenefitsforfarmingandtourism.HumanscouldplayanactiveroleinthegreeningofGreenlandbyhelpingtospreadnewplanttypes，saysProf.Smith.“Peoplelovegrowingplants，whetherforfoodorbeauty；it'shumannature，”hesays.“ThiscouldhelpplantlifespreadthroughoutGreenlandmorequickly.Thiscertainlyhaspositiveaspectsforlocalindustryandtheeconomy.”However，Prof.Smithwarnsthat，besidesallthesebenefits，therearealsorisksinvolvedinintroducingnewplantsandanimals.“Ifitisnotdonecarefully，thenewlifeformscouldspreadinanuncontrolledwayasnoanimalsorcompetingplantshaveevolvedtokeeptheirspreadincheck.”【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了格陵兰岛将因气候变暖在不久后被森林覆盖的情况，同时也探讨了这种情况的好处与弊端。12.Accordingtothepassage，inwhatdirectionisthe“greeningofGreenland”mostlikelytooccur?\n答案 A [推理判断题。由第二段第一句话“Todayonlyfourtypesoftreesgrowontheisland，limitedtosmallareasinthesouth”和第四段第一句话可知，现在只在岛南端的小片区域生长着树木，(随着气候变暖)树木会遍布现在冰雪覆盖的中部及北部。结合选项可知应选A项。]13.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasalikelyresultofthe“greeningofGreenland”？A.Fewerpeoplewillbeabletolivethere.B.TherewillbemoreArcticanimalslivingthere.C.Thelocaltreetypeswilldieoutatahighspeed.D.NewforestsaboutthesizeofSwedenwillappear.答案 D [细节理解题。由第四段最后一句话可知，到本世纪末新生长的森林将覆盖大约一个瑞典大小的土地面积，故选D项。]14.Prof.Smith'sattitudetowardstheexpectedchangesinGreenland'senvironmentcanbedescribedas________.A.positiveB.negativeC.objectiveD.disappointed答案 C [推理判断题。根据文章第七段末句和最后一段首句可知，Prof.Smith首先谈了环境变化可以促进当地工业和经济的发展，后又说如果不小心处理，新物种的生长就会得不到控制，所以他从正反两个方面分析了这个问题，是十分客观的，故选C项。]15.Thetopicofthepassageis________.A.theeffectofglobalwarmingonGreenlandB.wayspeoplecanexpandGreenland'sforestC.thepromotionoftourisminGreenlandD.theArcticwildlifelivinginGreenland答案 A [主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛将因气候变暖而被森林覆盖的可能，并指出了这种可能的影响，故选A项。]\nPassage5体裁：议论文 话题：网络与智能手机 词数：320 时间：6′(2022·济南三校高三一模)AsIsatatschool，mybestfriendgrabbedmyphoneandtriedtounlockit.Afterafewguessesshesaid，“What'syourpassword？”“I'mnottellingyou，”Iresponded.Shebegged，“Ijustwanttolookatyourpictures.”Istoodmyground.SheaskedmewhyIwassoprotectiveofmyphone.Itriedtoanswer，butfeltalittleconfusedmyself.Nooneelsecaredaboutthatmuch，anditwasn'tlikeIhadanythingtohide.IrealizedthatpeoplecouldlearnwhatevertheywantedaboutmefrommyphonebecauseofallthepicturesandinformationIstoredinit.OnthenewiPhone5S，there'safingerprintscannerasanoptionalprecaution(预防措施)forthosewhowanttouseit.Whenmydadgotthe5S，thefirstthingIdidwhenhewasn'tlookingwasputmyfingerprintintohisphone.Theaddedsecuritytechnologygavemydadafalsesenseofsecurity.Thatwasshattered(粉碎)whenIpickedupmydad'sphone，andhesaid“Yourfingerprintwon'twork，onlymine”withasmuglookonhisface，whichquicklydisappearedwhenhisphone“magically”openedforme.Icouldtellthathefeltasthoughtheprivacyofhisphonewasviolated.Ilethimworryforaboutfiveminutes，andthenIshowedhimhowIputmyfingerprintintohisphonewhenhewasn'tlooking.Whatitprovedtomeisthatpeoplearesoworriedaboutprivacythataphonecouldsellfor$100morejustforbettersecurity.Let'sgobacktomyoriginalissue.Ifeelsoprotectiveoftheinformationonmyphonebecauseweliveinaworldwherewe'reconstantlyconnected，andanyonecanlearnwhateverheorshewantsaboutusinjustaminute.Ididn'tbelievemybrotherwhenhesaid“Welcometotheworldofneverbeingnotconnected”tomewhenIgotmyfirstphone，butthatisexactlytheworldweliveintoday.【语篇解读】 网络和智能手机的使用给我们带来了极大的便利，但是个人信息的泄露也成了一个不容忽视的问题。16.Whyistheauthorsoprotectiveofherphone?A.Shefearsthatherprivacywillbeviolated.\nB.Herphoneisveryexpensive.C.Herphonehadbeenstolenbefore.D.Shedislikesothersusingherphone.答案 A [考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“IrealizedthatpeoplecouldlearnwhatevertheywantedaboutmefrommyphonebecauseofallthepicturesandinformationIstoredinit”可知，作者之所以如此保护自己的手机，是因为她担心自己的隐私被侵犯。]17.Fromwhattheauthor'sdadsaid，weknowthathe________.A.teasedtheauthoraboutherwrongfingerprintB.didn'twanthisdaughtertoplayhisphoneC.consideredhisfingerprinttobemagicalD.wasconfidentofhisphone'ssecurity答案 D [考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Yourfingerprintwon'twork，onlymine“withasmuglookonhisface”可知，作者的父亲认为只有自己的指纹才能打开手机，这说明他对自己手机的安全性十分有信心。]18.Thelastparagraphimpliesthat________.A.it'sgoodthatyourinformationisavailableB.peoplearecloselyconnectedbytechnologyC.peopleshouldconstantlychangetheirphonesD.oneneedstochangehiscomputerpassworddaily答案 B [考查推理判断。结合最后一段中的“weliveinaworldwherewe'reconstantlyconnected，andanyonecanlearnwhateverheorshewantsaboutusinjustaminute”可知，在当今社会，人们生活在一个信息透明化的时代，人与人之间的联系因为各种媒体和网络工具而变得十分紧密，因此选B项。]19.Bywritingthispassage，theauthorwantsto________.A.showpeoplehowtosurftheInternetsafelyB.callonpeopletousesmartphoneseffectivelyC.advisepeopletorealizetheimportanceofcommunicationD.stresstheimportanceofprotectingpersonalinformation\n答案 D [考查写作目的。本文主要讨论了由于智能手机、社交网络等现代科技的存在使人们的个人隐私被侵犯，从而强调保护个人隐私的重要性。故选D项。]
