定时训练(8) Ⅰ.专题特训(冠词与名词)一、根据语境用适当的冠词填空，不需填的，填“/”，然后熟读深思。1．Because______unemploymentisveryhighatpresent，it'snoteasyforafreshgraduatetofind______satisfyingjobashewishes.解析 unemployment是抽象名词，前面不用冠词。job是可数名词，用不定冠词泛指“一个令人满意的工作。”答案 /；a2．—Myflightwasdelayedbecauseof______heavyrain.—Butyouarejustin______timeforthediscussion.解析 引起我的航班延误应该是特指的一场大雨，所以第一空要用定冠词来限定，intime及时，准时，固定短语。答案 the；/3．Idon'tthinktheexperimentis______failure.Atleastwehavegained______experienceforfuturesuccess.解析 failure表示失败的概念为抽象名词，前面不可用不定冠词。表示失败的人或事情就成了可数名词，前面用不定冠词。experience作经历讲为可数名词，作为经验讲为不可数名词。答案 a；/4．Jackhad______feelingofexcitementwhenhearinghisarticlehadbeenpublishedin______schoolmagazine.解析 haveafeelingof为固定用法，意思是：有一种……的感觉；第二空表特指。句意：听到自己的文章已经在校刊上发表，Jack有一种兴奋的感觉。答案 a；the5．Igot______badtoothacheyesterday，whichkeptmeawake______wholenight.解析 getatoothache牙疼，是固定用法，而整个晚上(wholenight)是特指昨天晚上，因此应该使用定冠词。我昨天晚上牙疼得厉害，整晚没睡。答案 a；the6．We'regoingthereby________planeinsteadofon________train.解析 该题中plane与train均表示交通工具，前面有by不与冠词连用，而on与冠词连用。答案 /；a7．Italyis______mostattractiveEuropeancountryandhowIwishIwouldgotherefor______secondtime.解析 考查冠词的用法。第一个空后的most不是构成最高级，而是“非常，很，十分”的意思，因此前面用不定冠词，amostattractiveEuropeancountry意为“一个非常迷人的欧洲国家”；第二个空表示“又一，再一”，所以序数词前应用不定冠词。答案 a；a8．Idon'tknowwhoinvented______telephone，butit'sreally______mostwonderfulinvention.解析 thetelephone特指电话这类事物；amostwonderfulinvention意为“一项非常奇妙的发明”。答案 the；a9．Georgecouldn'trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson，buthewassureitwas______Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat______church.6\n解析 一个星期天表述为aSunday，beatchurch意为“在做礼拜”，不用冠词。答案 a；/10．(2022·南阳两校联考)Keepingadiaryis______goodhabit，bywhichyou'llmake______greatprogressinwriting.解析 句意：写日记是一种好习惯，通过它你将在写作上取得很大进步。第一空habit是可数名词，根据句意可知此处表示泛指“一种好习惯”，应用不定冠词。第二空progress为不可数名词，前面不用冠词，makeprogress意为“取得进步”。答案 a；/11．(2022·咸阳二模)—Haveyouseen______pen?Ileftitherethismorning.—Itis______blackone?Ifounditinthecorner.解析 第一次提到某物用不定冠词，所以第一空填a；根据Ifounditinthecorner这一信息，它表明说话者是拿着笔在与对方说话，故表特指，所以第二空填the。答案 a；the12．(2022·昆明二模)Theoperationis______successandthepatientisnowoutof______danger.解析 句意：这次手术是成功的并且现在病人已脱离了危险。第一空属抽象名词具体化，第二空为固定搭配。答案 a；/13．(2022·无锡一模)Theeducationof______youngisalways______hotandserioustopic.解析 theyoung意为“年轻人”，定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二空填不定冠词修饰名词topic，此处表泛指。答案 the；a14．Chinais______vastcountrywhichishometo______amazingvarietyoflandscapes，plantsandanimals.解析 第一空表示“中国是一个……样的国家”，是泛指的概念，因此填不定冠词；第二空是固定短语avarietyof，只是在variety前面加上了形容词amazing修饰它。答案 a；an二、根据语境及汉语提示，填入适当的名词。1．—Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?—Well，youknow，Englishismy__________(长处，强项)．soitismybestchoice.答案 strength2．Your__________(表现)asastudentwillbeexcellentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingonhowyoulearn.答案 performance3．Myfirst__________(印象)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.答案 impression4．Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon'tgiveyouanydirect__________(解决)．答案 solution5．Theplayersselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringus__________(荣誉、信誉)inthissummergame.答案 honourⅡ.阅读理解A6\n体裁：记叙文 话题：寓言故事 时间：6分钟Onceuponatime，inasmallcity，therewasanemptystorybook.Thebooklookedgreat，withanimpressivecover，butallitspageswereblank.Childrenandgrown－upswouldpickupthebook，butfindingnostoriesinside，theywouldcastthebookaside.Notfarfromthere，alovelyinkwell(墨水池)hadbeenfullofinkforyears.Hisownerhadforgottenaboutit.Theinkwellandthestorybookcursedtheirbadluck.Onedaywhenthebookwasthrownaway，itendedupnexttotheinkwell.Fordaysanddaysthetwoofthemswappedstoriesabouttheirbadluck.Theycouldhavecarriedonforyears，ifanelegantswanfeatherhadnotfloateddownandlandednexttothem.Atfirst，thefeatherfeltlonelyandabandoned.Hecriedandcried，andthebookandtheinkwelljoinedin，lettingoutalltheirsadnessattheyearsofneglect.However，unlikehiscompanions，thefeathersoontiredofcrying，andheresolvedtoimprovethesituation.Dryinghistears，andleavinghiscomplaintsbehind，heclearlysawhowthethreeofthem，workingtogether，couldachievealotmorethanjustsuffering.Heconvincedhisfriendstowriteastory.Thestorybookopeneduphisbestpages，theinkwelldidn'tspillevenadrop，andthefeathercontributedgreatingenuityandbeautifulwriting.Togethertheymanagedtowritealovelystoryaboutthreefriendswhohelpedeachothertoimprovetheirlives.Thenayoungteacherpassedby，headdownandlookingsad，wonderinghowhecouldkeephispupils'attention.Hefoundthestorybook，theinkwellandthefeather.Theteacherreadthebook，andfoundthestorycharming.Hepickedupthethreeartists，andcontinuedonhiswaytoschool.Whenlessonsbeganhetoldthestorytohispupils，andtheywereallattentive.Everynightfromthenon，feather，inkwell，andstorybookgottogetherandwroteanewstoryfortheyoungteacher.Theyfeltsohappyandproudathavingmanagedtoimprovetheirfate.【语篇导读】 空白书、墨水池和天鹅毛它们三个开始的时候都被遗弃了，它们抱怨，哭泣。但是有一天天鹅毛发现，他们可以合作将它们的故事写在书上，从而改变他们的命运。1．Whywasthebookdesertedatfirst?A．Becauseitwasugly.B．Becauseitlookedgreat.C．Becauseithadanimpressivecover.D．Becausetherewasnothingonitspages.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话和第三句话Thebooklookedgreat，withanimpressivecover，butallitspageswereblank.Childrenandgrown－upswouldpickupthebook，butfindingnostoriesinside，theywouldcastthebookaside.可知人们发现书页上没有内容而将书抛弃。答案 D2．Intheparagraph2theunderlinedword“cursed”probablymeans______．A．sworeB．demandedC．suggestedD．celebrated解析 词义猜测题。根据文章当中出现的theirbadluck以及Hecriedandcried，andthebookandtheinkwelljoinedin，lettingoutalltheirsadnessattheyearsofneglect.可以推出curse的意思是“诅咒，抱怨”，故选A。答案 A6\n3．What'sthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?A．Theyworkedtogethertocryfortheirsadfortune.B．Theydecidedtoleavetheplace.C．Theymadeuptheirmindstobeteachers.D．Theyworkedtogethertomaketheirlifebetter.解析 主旨大意题。第四段中讲到在天鹅毛的倡议下，他们共同努力把它们的故事写下来，从而改变了他们的生活，故选D。答案 D4．Whatcanwelearnfromthearticle?A．Thethreebecamestudentsintheyoungteacher'sclass.B．Theyoungteacher'slessonswerelovedbythestudents.C．Theyoungteacherbecameawriter.D．Theyoungteacherbecameanartist.解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的Whenlessonsbeganhetoldthestorytohispupils，andtheywereallattentive.可以推出那位年轻教师的课受到了学生们的欢迎。文章中并没有提到书、墨水池和天鹅毛成为了那位年轻老师的学生或那位年轻教师成为了作家和艺术家。答案 BB体裁：说明文 话题：医疗科学 时间：8分钟(2022·济宁市月考)Researchershavebeenabletotranslatebrainsignalsintospeechusingsensorsattachedtothesurfaceofthebrainforthefirsttime.Thebreakthrough，whichisupto90percentaccurate，offersawaytocommunicateforparalyzed(瘫痪的，麻痹的)patientswhocannotspeakandcouldeventuallyleadtobeingabletoreadanyone'sthoughts.“Wewerebesideourselveswithexcitementwhenitstartedworking，”saidProfessorBradleyGreger，abioengineeratUtahUniversitywholedtheteamofresearchers.“Iwouldcallitbrainreadingandwehopethatintwoorthreeyearsitwillbeavailableforuseforparalyzedpatients.”Theexperimentalbreakthroughcamewhentheteamattachedtwobutton－sizedgridsof16tinyelectrodes(电极)tothespeechcentersofthebrainofanepileptic(癫痫的)patient.Thesensorswereattachedtothesurfaceofthebrain.Thepatienthadhadpartofhisskull(颅骨)removedforanotheroperationtotreathiscondition.Usingtheelectrodes，thescientistsrecordedbrainsignalsinacomputerasthepatientrepeatedlyreadeachof10wordsthatmightbeusefultoaparalyzedperson：yes，no，hot，cold，hungry，thirsty，hello，goodbye，moreandless.Thentheygothimtorepeatthewordstothecomputeranditwasabletomatchthebrainsignalsforeachword76percentto90percentofthetime.Thecomputerpickedupthepatient'sbrainwavesashetalkedanddidnotuseanyvoicerecognitionsoftware.Becausejustthinkingaboutaword—andnotsayingit—isthoughttoproducethesamebrainsignals，ProfGregerandhisteambelievethatsoontheywillbeabletohavetranslationdeviceandvoiceboxthatrepeatsthewordyouarethinking.Whatismore，thebrainsofpeoplewhoareparalyzedareoftenhealthyandproducethesame6\nsignalsasthoseinable－bodiedpeople—itisjusttheyareblockedbyinjuryfromreachingthemuscle.Theresearcherssaidthemethodneedsimprovement，butcouldleadinafewyearstoclinicaltrialsonparalyzedpeoplewhocannotspeakduetoso－called“locked－in”syndrome(闭锁综合症)．“Peoplewhocouldeventuallybenefitfromawirelessdevicethatconvertsthoughtsintocomputer－spokenwordsincludethoseparalyzedbystroke，diseaseandinjury，”saidProfGreger.Peoplewhoarenow“lockedin”oftencommunicatewithanymovementtheycanmake—blinkinganeyeormovingahandslightly—toarduouslypicklettersorwordsfromalist.However，thenewdevicewouldallowthemfreedomtospeakontheirown.5．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeProfessorBradleyGregerinParagraph3?A．Joyfulandhopeful.B．Cautiousandunsatisfied.C．Negativeandpainful.D．Exhaustedandbusy.解析 细节理解题。根据“Wewerebesideourselveswithexcitementwhenitstartedworking”可知joyful，根据后面对前景的叙述可知hopeful。答案 A6．Whydidthescientistsmakethepatientsrepeatedlyreadsomewords?A．Becausethesewordsareeasytopronounce.B．Becausethesewordsareshortandeasy.C．Toensuretheyareusefulandaccurate.D．Tofindoutthedifferentsoundsandwaves.解析 推理判断题。根据第五段“thatmightbeusefultoaparalyzedperson”以及第二段中“Thebreakthrough，whichisupto90percentaccurate”可知让病人不断重复有用的词汇可保证精确度高。答案 C7．Accordingtothepassage，whowillbenefitmostfromtheresearchinthefuture?A．Peoplewhoaren'tgoodatcommunicating.B．Paralyzedpeople.C．Peoplewhosufferthe“lockedin”syndrome.D．Patientwhosufferfromanepilepticsymptom.解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段以及最后两段综合可知。B项仅指瘫痪的病人，而该项技术目前是用于丧失说话能力的瘫痪病人，见第二段。答案 C8．Theunderlinedword“arduously”inthelastparagraphmeans________．A．economicallyB．differentlyC．withdifficultyD．withease解析 猜测词义题。根据后文“Thenewdevicewouldallowthemfreedomtospeakontheirown”推测。答案 C9．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom________．A．acomputerbookB．anexperimentreportC．amedicaljournalD．anoralbiography6\n解析 推理判断题。根据全文内容来看这是医学界的一个福音。答案 C6
