宁夏回族自治区2022年上学期银川一中高三英语第一次月考试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题的答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACROSSITOFFYOURBUCKETLISTAnytimeistherighttimetovisitGrandCentralTerminal!LocatedattheintersectionofParkAvenueand42ndStreet,theterminaliseasilyaccessibleonfoot,bysubway,bybusandbyMetro-Northtrain.Pleasenotethattheterminaldoesnotofferluggagestorage.Pleaseplanahead.Planyourvisit&thingstodo※Takeatour!Youcanseethemostfamousterminal.※Headupstairsifyou'relookingfordinnerunderthestarsatCiprianiDolciorMichaelJordan'sTheSteakHouseN.Y.C.oracocktailatTheCampbell.※Headdownstairsifyou'relookingforaquickbiteintheDiningConcourse.ShakeShackburgeroramemorablemealatthehistoricOysterBar&Restaurant,anyone?※HeadtoGrandCentralMarketifyou'relookingforauniqueshoppingexperience.Enjoyagreatmealatlocalvendors(摊贩)likeMurray'sCheese,EliZabar'sFarmtoTableandPescatoreSeafoodCompany.11/11\nAccessibility:Theterminalisaccessibletovisitorswithdisabilities,butdoesnotprovidewheelchairrentals.Audio(声音的)toursOrpheo'sstate-of-the-artaudiodevice(设备)andheadsetcomeswithamapoftheterminalforjust$9peradultand$7discounted(seniors,military,students,kids).Theaudiotourisalsoavailablesevendaysaweek(closedonlyonThanksgivingDayandChristmasDay)atthetours’officeintheGraybarPassage.Hoursare9a.m.to6p.m.,butmaybeextendedduringtheholidays.Theself-guidedtourcanlastasshortas30minutestojustoveranhour.Docent-led(有讲解员带领的)toursThetourlasts75minutes.Thecostis$30foradultsor$20forseniors(65+),studentsandkids.Hoursare9a.m.to6p.m.,butmaybeextendedduringtheholidays.Spaceislimited.21.WherecantouristsgowhenvisitingGrandCentralMarket?A.TheCampbell.B.EliZabar'sFarmtoTable.C.CiprianiDolci.D.ThehistoricOysterBar&Restaurant.22.Whatcanbeofferedbytheterminal?A.Luggagestorage.B.Freeaudiodevices.C.Traveldiscountforstudents.D.Wheelchairrentals.23.Whatdoaudiotoursanddocent-ledtourshaveincommon?A.Theyarenormallyavailablefor9hourseachday.B.Eachoftheirtourslastslessthananhour.C.Eachoftheirtoursisself-guided.D.Theycanbebookedinadvanceduringtheholidays.BI'vecomebacktocheckonababy.JustafterduskI'minacardownamuddyroadintherain,pastrowsofshackled(戴镣的)elephants,theirtrunksswinging.Iwasherefivehoursbefore,whenthesunwas11/11\nhighandhotandtouristswereonelephants’backs.Walkingnow,Icanbarelyseethepathintheglowofmyphone’sflashlight.Whenthewoodenfencepoststopsmeshort,Ipointmylightdownandfollowacurrentofrainwateracrosstheconcreteflooruntilitwashesupagainstthreelarge,grayfeet.Afourthfoottwistedabovethesurface,tiedtightlybyashortchainandchokedbyringofmetalspikes(尖刺).Whentheelephanttiresandputsherfootdown,thespikespressdeeperintoherankle.Meenaisfouryearsandtwomonthsold,stillachildaselephantsgo.KhammonKongkhaw,hercaretaker,toldmeearlierthatMeenawearsthespikedchainbecauseshetendstokick.KongkhawhasbeenresponsibleforMeenahereatMactamanElephantAdventure,nearChiangMai,innorthernThailand,sinceshewas11monthsold.Hesaidhekeepsheronthespikedchainonlyduringthedayandtakesitoffatnight.Butit'snightnow.IaskJinLaoshen,theMactamanworkeraccompanyingmeonthisnighttimevisit,whyherchainisstillon.Hesayshedoesn’tknow.Mactamanisoneofmanyanimalattractionsinandaroundtourist-crowdedChiangMai.Meena'slifeissettofollowthesametrackasmanyoftheroughly3,800captive(被捕获的)elephantsinThailand.WhenMeenaistoooldorsicktogiverides--maybeat55,maybeat75she’lldie.Ifshe’slucky,Shewillgetafewyearsofretirement.She'llspendmostofherlifeonachain.24.Whydoestheauthordecidetocomeback?A.Sheknowsababyisinneedofhelpurgently.B.Shewantstofeedthoseshackledelephants.C.ShewantstoreleasethoseshackledelephantsD.ShewantstocheckbabyelephantMeena.25.Whatcanweconcludefromthesecondparagraph?A.Theauthorisscaredofwalkinginthepath.B.Meenaonlyhasthreehealthylegs.C.Meenaistreatedbadlyandverypainful.D.OneofMeena'slegsisbadlybroken.11/11\n26.What'stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthoseelephants?A.IndifferentB.CriticalC.SympatheticD.Negative27.Wecaninferthatthepurposeoftheauthor’swritingis___________.A.toappealtopeopletocareaboutthefateofthoseelephantsB.todescribethoseelephantstoattracttouristsaroundtheworldC.totellreadersthestoryofababyelephantinChiangMai,ThailandD.totellthereasonwhythenumberofelephantsisdecreasingCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyconnectedgroupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenationstateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistribution(分布)oftheselanguagesishugelyuneven（不均匀的）.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericaabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuinea（巴布亚新几内亚）aloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestionmark):none11/11\noftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerecloselyconnected.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerelargeinnumber.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Powerful. B.Advanced.C.Complex.D.Modern.30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About2,400.C.About3,400.D.About1,200.31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.C.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DAteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbynaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It'sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents（组件）”,saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown."hesaid.Theyengineered（策划）aseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit'sconnectedto,”11/11\nsaidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basically,itshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanics（飞行力学）andcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis.”32.Whichofthefollowingstatementswasthedifficultyengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticfly?A.Theydidnothaveadequatefund.B.Noready-madecomponentswereavailable.C.Therewasnomodelintheirmind.D.Itwashardforthemtofitthecomponentstogether.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4?A.Theroboticflyhasbeenputintowideapplication.B.Theroboticflyconsistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem.C.Informationfrommanysourcescanbecollectedbytheroboticfly.D.Theroboticflycanjustflyinlimitedareasatpresent.34.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Wood'sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.11/11\nD.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.35.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheDevelopmentoftheRoboticFlyB.TheRoboticFlyPromotesEngineeringScienceC.Harvard'sEffortsinMakingaRoboticFlyD.TheRoboticFlyImitatesaRealLifeInsect第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereisnoneedtosayagaininbusinesspsychologythathighself-confidenceiskeytocareersuccess.ActuallyIthinklowself-confidenceismorelikelytomakeyousuccessful.Sure,extremelylowconfidenceisnothelpful.Itpreventsperformancebyincludingfear,worry,andstress,whichmaydrivepeopletogiveupsoonerorlater.36.Ifyourconfidenceislow,ratherthanextremelylow,youstandabetterchanceofsucceedingthanifyouhavehighself-confidence.37.Therefore,youwillbeself-critical.Mostpeoplegettrappedintheiroptimisticprejudice,sotheytendtolistentopositivefeedback（反馈）andignorenegativefeedback.Althoughthismayhelpthemcomeacrossasbeingconfidenttoothers,inanyareaofcompetitionanachievementis10%performanceand90%preparation.38.Lowerself-confidencecangetyoutoworkharderandpreparemore.Ifyouarecarefulaboutyourgoals,youwillworkharderwhenyoulackconfidenceinyourabilities.39,lowconfidenceisnegative.Ifyoureallywanttodowhatyouwant,yourlowconfidencewillonlymakeyouworkhardertoachieveitbecauseitwillmakeyouknowthedistancetothegoals.Lowerself-confidencereducesthepossibilitiesofprideanddisappointment.40,theyaremorelikelytoadmitmistakesinsteadofblamingothers.Thisisthemostimportantbenefitoflowself-confidencebecauseitpointstothefactthatlowself-confidencecanbringsuccess,notjusttoindividualsbutalsotoorganizationsandsociety.A.ActuallywhenyouarecarelessaboutyourgoalsB.Lowerself-confidencemakesyoufocusonnegativefeedback11/11\nC.SolowconfidencecanonlypreventyoufromsucceedingD.Thus,themoreyouknowweaknesses,thebetterpreparedyouwillbeE.ButappropriatelowconfidencehelpsyouadjustyourgoalstocompleteF.Indeed,ifpeoplehavelowself-confidenceG.Thenifyoucareaboutyourinabilityverymuch第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Someyearsago,whenPatThornaskedherhusbandFrankwhathewasgoingtodowhenheretired,hereplied:“I’mgoingtovolunteerwithUNICEF(UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund).”After41,Frankwastruetohisword,andheandPattouredschoolsandorganizationsaroundBritainashegavetalksaboutUNICEF.Whenthey42abroad,theiroriginalplansforarelaxingholidaywould43oftenturnintoaUNICEFfact-findingtripinstead.Theythrewthemselvesintoachievingimportantgoals---whetheritwasraisingpeople’s44ofissuesorsourcing(采购)sewingmachinestosendtocommunitiesinKenyathathad45them.PatandFrankwere46travelers,andwhentheyheadedtodifferentcontinents,theywereinspiredtofindoutfor47howUNICEFputitschild-focusedplansintofar-reaching48.“Wemetcommunityleaders,andsawhowUNICEF49non-governmentalschoolssothatchildren50attendthemwhentheywantedto,whichreallymadeeducationmore51toeveryone.”“ThepointisthatUNICEFhasthisnetworkinplace,doinggoodwork52,notjust53there'sanemergency.”PatandFrankalsodiscoveredearlyintheirinvolvementthatUNICEF’s54programsaresupportedbydonations,55anyfundingfromtheUNbudget.11/11\nFrankhadbecomeapromoter(促进者)forUNICEF’slegacy-giving(遗产捐赠),HeandPatmadetheimportant56decisionto57thecharityintheirownwills.“Itwasasimple58forustoputUNICEFinourwills,”saysPat.“ThepeoplerunningUNICEFhavealwaysbeensensibleand59,andthat’sthemostimportantthing.MygiftwilljoinFrank’swhenI60thisworld.”41.A.unemploymentB.retirementC.argumentD.discussion42.AtraveledB.studiedC.lecturedD.lived43.A.anyhowB.somewhatC.somehowD.anyway44.A.awarenessB.moneyC.importanceD.seriousness45.A.requestedB.subscribedC.receivedD.scanned46.A.wealthyB.absurdC.enthusiasticD.influential47.A.itB.themselvesC.themD.itself48.A.effortB.goalC.differenceD.effect49.A.takeupB.setupC.breakupD.turnup50.A.needB.shouldC.mustD.could51.A.accessibleB.responsibleC.meaningfulD.interesting52.A.aboveallB.allinallC.allthetimeD.afterall53.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.after54.A.time-consumingB.life-savingC.ever-changingD.fast-developing55.A.besidesB.exceptC.withoutD.beyond56.A.singleB.flexibleC.adequateD.joint57.A.determineB.recognizeC.declareD.promise58.A.decisionB.sympathyC.assessmentD.promotion59.A.beneficialB.availableC.reliableD.reachable11/11\n60.A.conductB.enterC.desireD.leave第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Everyfewyearsyoufaceaproblem--61__todowithanoldphone?Youcansellitorrecycleit,butthosechoicesmayhaveserious62(safe)problemsifdone63(proper).Sotheappropriatewaytoprotectyourselfistoresetthephoneanderaseallcontents.We'velistedseveral64(practice)ways,which___65___(recommend)byexperts,toresetthephoneanderasedataforiPhonesandAndroidphones,butifyoucan'tperformaproperreset,theexpertssuggest66(take)ittoareputablerecyclerlikeanApplestore.ForaniPhone:Gotosettingsandchoosetoeraseallcontents.Ifyoucan'taccessthephonebecauseof67brokenscreen,plugitintoyourcomputer.Ifyourphonecanpoweronanditautomatically68(access)yourWi-Fi,useyourcomputertologonicloud.com.Then,signin,locateyourphoneandchoosethe“erasethephone”option.ForAndroiddevices:Youcanresetyourphoneinyourdevice’ssettingsapp.Therearestep-by-stepdirectionsforhow69(reset)anAndroiddevice70Google’ssupportpage.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。11/11\nDearfellowstudents, Asisknownbyus,ourgovernmentistryingtomakeourcitytheNationalCivilizedCityatpresent.Wehopewecanalsodoourbittohelpfulfillthisgoal.Firstofall,weshouldmindourlanguageandbecomecivilizedspeakers.Alwaysremembertosay“Please”and“Thanks”anddon’ttalkandlaughloudlyinpublic.Seenpeopleintrouble,wemightaswelllendthemahelpinghand.Inaddition,tobecivilizedpedestrians.Wemustobeytrafficrulesandnevercrossthestreetsbeforethetrafficlightsarered.Keepingourenvironmentcleanlyisalsoadvisable,itmeansweshouldn'tlitterorspitinpublicplaces.Onlybystartingwiththelittlethingsarounduswemakeagreatdifferencetoourcityimage.Let’stakemeasurenowandmakejointeffortstomakeourcitymorecivilized. 第二节书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华，你所在的学生会将组织同学们在中秋节那天到学校附近的一家农场参加收割水稻采摘瓜果蔬菜活动，请你邀请你的交换生朋友Victor参加。请根据以下要点给他写一封电子邮件：1.活动时间，地点，农场情况；2.活动安排；3.活动的意义。DearVictor,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua11/11
