TheSubjectUnit1Grammar,Objectives1.辨认主语的形式；2.认识主语在句中的作用。,HaveALkAshritaFurmanisasportsmanwholikesthechallengeofbreakingGuinnessrecords.Overthelast25years,hehasbrokenapproximately93Guinnessrecords.Somersaultingisatougheventasyouhavetoovercomedizziness,extremetirednessandpain.,CoveringamileinthefastesttimewhiledoinggymnasticallycorrectlungesisyetanothereventinwhichAshritaisoutstanding.Lungesareextremelyhardonyourlegs.Fromthenon,Ashritarefusedtoacceptanyphysicallimitation.Ashritaalwaysacknowledgeshisteacherinhisrecord-breakingattempts.Wecalltheredwords——Subjects.,SubjectThesubjectofasentenceistheperson,place,thing,orideathatisdoingorbeingsomething.1.WhatisSubject?,Youcanfindthesubjectofasentenceifyoucanfindtheverb.Askthequestion,“Whoorwhat‘verbs’or‘verbed’?”andtheanswertothatquestionisthesubject.Forinstance,inthesentence"ThecomputersintheLearningCentermustbereplaced,"theverbis"mustbereplaced."Whatmustbereplaced?Thecomputers.Sothesubjectis"computers.",Noun,adjective,non-finiteverb(动词不定式Infinitive、动名词Gerund、分词Participle),it,nominativepersonalpronounandthesubjectclauseandsoon.2.WhatcanbeusedasSubject?,Atreehasfallenacrossthestreet.Theambulanceisarriving.名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词的ing形式、从句等可作句子的主语。1.名词作主语,Youareamiddleschoolstudent.Helentmehisnewbike.Threeisenough.Twoandtwomakesfour.2.代词作主语3.数词作主语,Tofindthetruthisverydifficult.It’sisverydifficulttofindthetruth.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Seeingisbelieving.4.不定式作主语5.动名词作主语,A.动名词与不定式都可在句子中作主语。动名词作主语时一般来说指的是一个概念或一个既成事实。如：注意TeachingEnglishismyjob.TeachingEnglish是一个概念名词，而不是一个动作。,B.当一个不定式短语作主语时，我们常用It作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式放到句子后边。这样的句型还用在It’s…forsb.todo…It’s…ofsb.todo…中。如果It’s后边的形容词与人的天资、秉性有关时，必须用It’s…ofsb.todo…；这类形容词包括good,bad,clever,stupid,wise,foolish,cruel,mean等。如果It’s后边的形容词与人的天资、秉性无关时，则要用It’s…forsb.todo…。,Therichshouldhelpthepoor.Oldandyoungwalkedsidebyside.Thedisabledarebeingcarefullytakencareof.6.名词化的形容词作主语7.名词化的过去分词作主语,Wheneveryoucomewillbefine.8.从句作主语作主语的从句称为主语从句，可由that，whether，wh-等词引导。,BetweensixandseveninthemorningisthetimeIgojogging.Nearbyisagoodplaceforcamping.9.有时介词短语、副词或其短语位于主语位置是倒装结构,(1)Itis+形容词(possible,clear,true,necessary,likely,nice等)+that(2)Itis+名词(apity,nouse,afact,nowonder等)+that用it作形式主语的句型有：,(3)It+不及物动词(follows,happens,turnsout,goeswithoutsaying)+that(4)Itis+过去分词(thought,known,mentioned,said,expected,suggested,maybesafelysaid,mustbeadmitted,hasbeendecided)+that,在以上句型中It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。在这样的主语从句中that不能省略，就其本质讲，用That…iswell-known;That…issaid也是可以的。但是经过长期使用，上述句型已经被固定下来。,Howtheywillmanagetocrosstheriverremainstobeseen.3.Asimplesubjectcanbemorethanoneword,evenanentireclause.,4.InEnglish,thesubjectofacommand,order,orsuggestion—you,thepersonbeingdirected—isusuallyleftoutofthesentenceandissaidtobetheunderstoodsubject.,e.g.1.(You)SteplivelythereorI’llleaveyoubehind.2.Beforeassemblingtheswingset,(you)readtheseinstructionscarefully.,A.Ithankyou.B.Ineverheardofit.C.Itlookslikeit.D.Itsoundslikecommonsensetome.E.Itserveshimright.5.Infamiliarspeech,thesubjectissometimesleftoutwhenitisapronoun.Wecallitomissionofthesubject.,InspokenEnglishweoftenhearsentenceslikethis:A.Thankyou.B.Neverheardofit.C.Lookslikeit.D.Soundslikecommonsensetome.E.Serveshimright.,_______themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident'sattending本题考查动名词复合结构作主语。动名词复合结构作主语，须用名词的所有格，然后加动名词，其余选择均构不成合理句子结构。,Underlinethesubjectinthesesentences.Ingroups,checkyouranswers.Thendiscusswhetheryouagreewiththeideasinthesentencesornot.1Everythingthatwedoisastepinonedirectionoranother.Eventhefailuretodosomethingisinitselfadeed.Itsetsusforwardorbackward.(HenryVanDyke),2.Someconceptionsofagentlemanarethese:agentlemanisalwaysconsiderateforthefeelingsofothers;hehastact—heknowshowtosayandtodotherightthingattherighttime.(Unknown),3Toregretone’serrorstothepointofnotrepeatingthemistruerepentance.(ErnestHemingway)4Thebestcompanionisonewhoiswiserandbetterthanourselves,forweareinspiredbyhiswisdomandvirtuetonoblerdeeds.(WilliamMakepeaceThayer)5Beinghappyisbetterthanbeingking.(WestAfricansaying),WorryingTwoheadsThosewhodonotlearnfromhistoryTotravelhopefullyFailingtoplanaredoomedtorepeatit.arebetterthanone.neverdidanyoneanygood.isplanningtofail.isabetterthingthantoarrive.Match,AmanwhoasksAmanwhoneverasksTheonewhounderstandsTheonewhospeaksWhatisdonedoesnotspeak.cannotbeundone.doesnotunderstand.isafoolforlife.isafoolforfiveminutes.,Review复习主语：1.主语的定义；2.可以用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、词组、动词不定式、-ing形式、过去分词和从句。,Individualactivity,1.Wewrotealetterofthanksto____hadhelpedus.A.whoB.thoseC.whomD.whoever2.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthathemustn’tsmoke,but_____didn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.itD.theyQuizI:Multiplechoice,3.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.IfC.ThatD.Whether4.Justafterfinishingwritingthecomposition,_____.A.thedoorbellrangloudB.NancyheardthedoorbellrangC.someoneknockedatthedoorD.thedoorbellwasrung,5.---Theexamwaseasy,wasn’tit?---Yes,butIdon’tthink_____couldpassit.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybody6.Theyliveonabusymainroad.______mustbeverynoisy.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.They,7._____makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.(2006辽宁)A.What B.WhoC.Whatever D.Whoever8.____teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.(2006山东) A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhichC.Whatever D.Whichever,9.______feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.(2007全国II)A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That10.______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.(2007上海)A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where,11.—CouldyoutellmehowtogettoVictoriaStreet?—VictoriaStreet?_____iswheretheGrandTheatreis.(2008辽宁)A.SuchB.ThereC.ThatD.This12.YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,_____?(2009湖南) A.couldyou B.couldn’tIC.couldn’twe D.couldwe,13.Itisobvioustothestudents______theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.(2009天津) A.as B.whichC.whether D.that14.Thedoctorthought____wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.(2010全国II)A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it,15.Itneveroccurredtome_____youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.(2010陕西)A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if,QuizII:在空格中填入一个适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1._______(play)footballinthestreetisdangerous.2.Itwouldbenice______(see)himagain.3.The________(disable)shouldnotbelookeddownupon.4._____wasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedidathinglikethat.PlayingtoseedisabledIt,5.________hewillbesentabroadornothasnotbeendecidedsofar.6.________________abooksellswelldependsonvariousfactors.7.Sonaughtyisthe______thatheoftenupsetshisparentswhoarebusywiththeirwork.8.His__________(express)toldmethathegotangrythen.WhetherWhether/Thatboyexpression,1.大山里静谧的氛围是我最喜爱的。ThepeacefulatmosphereofthemountainsisthethingIlovethemost.QuizIII:Translation,2.参加比赛给我很大的成就感。Participatinginthecompetitiongivesmeagreatfeelingofaccomplishment.3.在电话上谈话几个小时是我不能理解的事。SpeakingonthephoneforhoursisnotsomethingIcanunderstand.,4.到奥运会上去比赛是我的梦想。TocompeteattheOlympicsismydream.5.她为学校所做的一切使学生和教职员工非常感激。Whatshedidfortheschoolwasgreatlyappreciatedbythestudentsandstaff.,HomeworkFinishtheExercises1-2onPage53inyourWorkbooks.,Thankyou!
