2022年高考英语一轮复习：语法填空 短文改错 七选五 练习题精选汇编（含答案解析）

2022年高考英语一轮复习：语法填空+短文改错+七选五练习题精选汇编（A）Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived　1　,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson　2　couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown. Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson　3　huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood　4　(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology　5　(change)lives. Byabout6000BC,people　6　(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe　7　(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,　8　(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields. Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with　9　riseofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods　10　(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 （B）AfemaleArcticfoxtravelednearly2,200milesin76days—fromNorwaytoCanada—andsurprisedNorwegianscientistsintheprocess.Thefox　1　(equip)withasatellitetransmitterbyscientistsattheNorwegianPolarInstitute,wherescientistswanted　2　(survey)justhowfarArcticfoxestravelfromtheirbirthplace.Theyfoundtheiranswer:Inlessthanthreemonths,itwentfromSpitsbergen,　3　islandinnorthernNorway,toEllesmereIslandinthenortheasternpartofCanada. Thefoxmoved　4　arateof29milesaday.Atitsfastest,ittravelednearly100milesinasingledaywhile　5　(cross)Greenland.Itsetarecordforthefastestmovementrateever　6　(document)inanArcticfox.“Thisisamongthelongest　7　(event)everrecordedforanArcticfox,coveringextensivestretchesofseaiceandglaciers,”wroteNorwegianscientistsEvaFugleiandArnaudTarrouxinareport. Thejourneywasamongthelongestrecordedbyscientists,　8　italsoraisesquestionsoftheeffects　9　climatechangeshaveonseaiceandanimalsthatnavigatetheArctic.TheArctic　10　(current)faces“itsmostexcellenttransitioninhumanhistory”,saidEmilyOsborneoftheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 第18页共18页,6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 （C）ChinareachedamilestoneinspaceexplorationonJanuary3,2019.Chang'e-4　1　(successful)landedonthefarsideofthemoon'ssurface. Thisisthefirsttimeinhistory　2　anycountryhasperformedasoftlandingonthebackofthemoon.ItisalsoahugewinforChinesescientistswhohavebeenplanningoutthisworkfor　3　(year). Shortlyafterthelander'sarrival,itsentbackaphotooftheYuturover(月球车)　4　(roll)slowlyacrossthemoon'sdustysurface.As　5　(expect),thelanderwillconductanumberofchallengingtasks.Itwillobservethelow-gravityenvironmentandexplore　6　thereiswaterorotherresources.Later,soilsamples　7　(collect)andreturnedtotheearth.Scientistsbelievethatthebackofthemoonis　8　(ancient)thanthefront,sothesoilageisvaluableforstudyingtheearlyhistoryofthemoon. Sincethefarsideofthemoonisquietandfree　9　electromagneticinterference(干扰)fromtheearth,it'saperfectplacetoresearchthespaceenvironment.Everything　10　(appear)tobeworkingsmoothly,andwecanexpectplentyofmoonnewsoutofChinainthenearfuture. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 （D）They'reneithermedicalworkersinclosecontactwiththenovelcoronavirusnorgovernmentofficialswhoreceivethe　1　(late)updatesofthesituation—yetthey'rekeepingus　2　(inform)ofthedevelopmentoftheepidemic.Theyarethemedia,andtheireyesarefar-seeing. ZhuXingxinisonesuchmember:a　3　(photograph)withChinaDaily.Havingputtingonprotectivegear(装备)likethedoctors,hevisitedTongjiHospitalinWuhanonFeb.3toreportonthelivesofmedicalworkers. Theeyesofthemediaarenotjustheretosee,but　4　(examine).OnFeb.9,forexample,abusinWuhancarryingseverelyillpatients　5　(catch)intrafficwithnooneguidingthemandnohospitalsclaimingthem.TheincidentwaswitnessedbyGlobalTimesjournalistsandwassoonreportedonline.Itendedwithallthepatients　6　(settle)properlyinhospitalsandofficialsinchargebeingheldresponsible.Butit'spossible　7　withoutjournaliststhisincidentwouldneverhavebeenexposed. “Idohopethatbywritingabout　8　(they)stories,I'mhelpingthingschangefor　9　better,”saidLiXueqing,aChinaDailyjournalist.Indeed,themediaislikeapairofeyeswatchingout　10　usastheyreportontheworld'smostimportantnews. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 （E）第18页共18页,Volunteeringhasapositiveaffectonourcommunity.Itbenefitedusinseveralways.Firstofall,volunteeringcanhelpuslearnmuchaboutsocietyandgainvalueexperience.Secondly,volunteeringprovidesusagoodopportunitytoputwhatwehavelearnedtoagooduse.Ihopemoreandmorestudentswilljointhevoluntaryclubofyourschool.Let'sexpressourconcernfortheoldanddisablepeoplearoundusbutofferahelpinghand.Let'scleantheparksnearourhome.Let'sgotonursinghomestobringlovetothosewhoisinneed.Remember,wecanmakeadifferencetosocietyifwearewillingtolendingahelpinghand,solet'sactnow.1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 （F）TherewasalivelydiscussionheldinmyclasslastFriday.ItwasmainaboutprotectingthefineChineseculture.Somesuggestedraisingpeople'sawareofpreservingourcultureandmakingpeoplefallinlovewiththem.Forexample,wecouldconductcreativeactivitylikediscoverytoursandcultureshowstohelppeoplehavebetterunderstandingofourculture.Othersthinksomecoursesshouldbeofferedinschools,whichgoalwastohelpstudentslearnmoreaboutourcustoms,waysoflifeandsoon.Andinmyview,whatwasmatteredwasthateveryoneshouldfeelproudinourownculture.Also,weshouldattempttopassingourfineculturedownfromgenerationtogeneration.1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 （G）Yesterday,wehadgreatfun.WeparticipatedinacompetitionofTangpoemsathallofourschoolonApril24.Thecompetitionenjoyedgreatpopularamongusstudents.ItwasholdinginanattempttonotonlyenrichourcampuslifeandgreatlymotivateourpassionforTangpoems.Therewasagreatvarietyofinterestingsowellasexcitingactivityinthecompetition.Weallfallinlovewiththecompetition.Wetruevaluedthechancetoappreciateitthebeautyofourculturefromthiscompetition.WealllookedforwardtomorecompetitionsaimsatpromotingChineseculture.1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 （H）Ican'twaittotellyouthedecisionmyparentshadjustmade.Theyplantogivebirthtoasecondchild.Howexciteditis!Beingtheonlychildinthefamily,mostteenagerslikeIgrowuplonely,thatdoesharmtoourpsychologicalhealth.However,thingswillchangefromnowon.Iamgoingtohaveasiblingtoplay.Iwillhelpmyparentslookingaftermysiblingwhenhe/sheisborn,ensuringthathe/shegrowsuphappywithloveandaffectionallaround.However,IamafraidthatIknowalittleabouthowtotakegoodcareofababyandhowtosetagoodexampleto第18页共18页,him/her.IwanttogetsomeadvicesfromyoubutIamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.参考答案：（A）1.in　考查介词。句意:公元前10,000年以后的一段时间,人类首次尝试通过农业来控制他们生活的世界。根据文章中句子的结构可知,theylived　1　为限制性定语从句,先行词为world。将先行词代入定语从句后,应为theylivedintheworld,故填in。 2.what　考查宾语从句。此处表示:经过了几千年,他们开始较少地依靠狩猎或是野外采集食物。根据句子结构可知设空处引导介词后的宾语从句,且设空处在从句中作主语,表示“什么”,故填what。3.than　考查介词。句意:每个人在耕种时比在狩猎和采集中生产的食物更多,所以人们可以养更多的孩子。题干中的“more”有比较含义,故填than。4.wasneeded　考查时态和语态。句意:并且随着更多的孩子出生,(人们)需要更多的食物。主语与谓语之间是被动关系,并且讲述的是过去的事情,故填wasneeded。5.tochange　考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到了改变生活的科技的力量。此处不定式作定语,修饰power,根据thepowertodosth.可知此处填不定式。故填tochange。6.haddiscovered　考查时态。句意:到了大约公元前6000年,人们就已经发现了最适合种植的作物和养殖的动物。根据Byabout6000BC可知应用过去完成时,故填haddiscovered。7.seasons　考查名词复数。此处表示:后来他们学着随着季节的变更劳作。根据句意,一年有四季,可知此处应填名词复数。故填seasons。8.making　考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学着随着季节的变更劳作,在合适的时间种植,在干旱的地区,充分利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。句中已经有了谓语动词learned,make和句子的主语they是主动关系,故填making。9.the　考查冠词。句意:然后随着科学的发展,变化产生了。设空处特指科学的发展,故填the。10.meant　考查时态。句意:新的方法意味着更少的人从事农业。设空处讲述的是过去的事情,故填meant。（B）1.wasequipped　考查动词时态和语态。句意:挪威极地研究所的科学家们给这只狐狸装备了一个卫星发射器。主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系,根据第一段的traveled可知时态为一般过去时。故填wasequipped。2.tosurvey　考查非谓语动词。此处表达:科学家们想要调查北极狐从它们的出生地走了多远。wanttodosth.想要做某事。第18页共18页,3.an　考查冠词。此处表达:挪威北部的一个岛屿。此处作同位语修饰说明前面的Spitsbergen。不定冠词表示泛指意思,island以元音音素开头,故填an。4.at　考查介词。句意:这只狐狸以每天29英里的速度前进。atarate/speedof...以……的速度。5.crossing　考查非谓语动词。句意:在穿越格陵兰岛的一天内,以它最快的速度可以走近100英里。设空处是非谓语动词作状语。设空处动作与其逻辑主语it之间是主动关系,应该用现在分词形式。故填crossing。6.documented　考查非谓语动词。句意:它创下了北极狐有史以来最快的移动速度纪录。设空处是非谓语动词作定语,修饰前面的名词rate。两者之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词形式。故填documented。7.events　考查名词。句意:这是有记录以来北极狐活动时间最长的事件之一,覆盖了大片的海冰和冰川。根据语境和介词among可知,此次事件是多次事件之一,所以要用名词的复数形式。故填events。8.but　考查连词。句意:这是科学家记录的最长的旅程之一,但它也提出了问题……。前后句子意思是转折关系,所以要用转折连词but连接。9.that/which　考查定语从句。此处表达:气候变化对海冰和北极航行动物的影响。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词theeffects,关系词在从句中作have的宾语,应该用关系代词that/which引导。10.currently　考查副词。句意:北极正面临“人类历史上最完美的过渡……”。考查副词作状语,修饰动词faces。故填currently。（C）1.successfully　考查副词。应该使用副词修饰动词landed,故填successfully。2.that　考查固定句型。thisisthefirsttimethat...这是第一次……。故填that。3.years　考查名词的数。year是可数名词,根据语境可知,这件事我国科学家已经筹备了很多年,应该用复数。故填years。4.rolling　考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分词短语作后置定语,与theYuturover之间是主动关系。故填rolling。5.expected　考查非谓语动词。asexpected果然;正如被预料的那样。故填expected。6.whether　考查连词。whether...or...或者……或者……。故填whether。7.willbecollected　考查动词的时态和语态。从前文可以看出是即将发生的事情,并且soilsamples与collect是被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填willbecollected。8.moreancient　考查形容词的比较级。从本空后的than可以看出,这里应该使用比较级。故填moreancient。9.from　考查介词。freefrom免于……。故填from。第18页共18页,10.appears　考查动词的时态。从本段可看出时态是一般现在时,讲述现在的客观事实,主语是Everything,要用第三人称单数形式。故填appears。（D）1.latest　考查形容词。此处表达:他们既不是与新型冠状病毒密切接触的医务人员,也不是收到最新情况的政府官员。thelatestupdates最新进展。2.informed　考查非谓语动词。此处表达:但他们一直向我们通报疫情的进展。考查“keep+宾语+宾补”结构。设空处与宾语之间为被动关系,要用过去分词形式。故填informed。3.photographer　考查名词。句意:朱兴新就是其中一员:一名《中国日报》的摄影师。此处指“一名摄影师”。故填photographer。4.toexamine　考查非谓语动词。句意:媒体的眼睛不仅仅是用来观察的,而是用来审视的。分析句子结构可知,本句应是“notjust...but...”结构,意为“不仅仅是……而是……”,因此设空处应与前面的“tosee”为并列结构。故填toexamine。5.wascaught　考查动词时态和语态。句意:例如,2月9日,武汉一辆载着重症患者的公交车陷入交通堵塞,无人领路,也没有医院认领他们。设空处是句子的谓语动词,与主语abus之间是被动关系,时态为一般过去时,故填wascaught。6.beingsettled　考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,所有的病人都被妥善安置在医院,负责的官员也被追究责任。根据并列连词and可知,allthepatients　6　(settle)应该与officialsinchargebeingheldresponsible为并列结构,都要用beingdone结构。故填beingsettled。 7.that　考查主语从句。句意:但如果没有记者,这一事件可能永远不会被曝光。分析句子结构可知,withoutjournaliststhisincidentwouldneverhavebeenexposed是主语从句,it为形式主语。从句意思完整、结构正确,要用that引导。8.their　考查代词。句意:“我真的希望通过写他们的故事,我能帮助事情变得更好。”《中国日报》记者李学清说。设空处单词修饰后面的名词,所以要用形容词性物主代词their。9.the　考查冠词。changeforthebetter是固定搭配,意为:向更好的方向转变。10.for　考查介词。此处表达:实际上,媒体就像一双注视着我们的眼睛。watchoutfor密切注意,留意。故填for。（E）1.第一句:affect→effect　句意:志愿者工作对我们的社区有积极的影响。考查固定搭配havea...effecton而affect是一个及物动词。2.第二句:benefited→benefits　本文谓语动词均为一般现在时,本句主语是it,故将benefited改为benefits。3.第三句:value→valuable　考查形容词,此处用形容词修饰后面的名词。valuableexperience有价值的经验。第18页共18页,4.第四句:在us后加with　考查固定搭配:providesb.withsth.给某人提供某物。5.第四句:去掉第二个good前的a　此处表达:把我们学到的(知识)好好运用。use是一个抽象不可数名词,不能有冠词修饰。6.第五句:your→our　根据前面的描述,此处应该是:加入我们的志愿者俱乐部。故将your改为our。7.第六句:disable→disabled　此处表达:让我们关爱老年人和残疾人。用形容词修饰后面的名词。disabledpeople残疾人。8.第六句:but→and　此处表达:伸出援助之手。与前面的帮助老人和残疾人在意思上是并列关系,故将but改为and。9.第八句:is→are　关系代词who引导的定语从句修饰先行词those。先行词是复数名词,所以从句谓语动词要用表示复数的are。10.第九句:lending→lend　考查bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事。（F）1.第二句:main→mainly　句意:这次讨论主要是关于保护中国灿烂的文化。副词mainly修饰谓语动词。2.第三句:aware→awareness　句意:有人建议提高人们保护我们文化的意识……。作raise的宾语,要用名词形式。raiseawareness增强意识。3.第三句:them→it　此处表达:让人们爱上它。此处指的是爱上中国文化,所以要用it代替。4.第四句:activity→activities　句意:例如,我们可以进行创造性的活动,如探索之旅和文化表演,以帮助人们更好地了解我们的文化。后面列举了几个活动内容,所以activity要用复数形式。5.第四句:better前加a　此处表达:对……有一个更好的理解。abetterunderstanding一个更好的理解。6.第五句:think→thought　本文时态为一般过去时,故将think改为thought。7.第五句:which→whose　句意:另一些人认为学校应该开设一些课程,其目的是帮助学生更多地了解我们的习俗、生活方式等。定语从句的引导词作定语,修饰后面的名词goal,应该用关系代词whose。8.第六句:去掉第一个was　句意:在我看来,重要的是每个人都应该为自己的文化感到自豪。matter是一个不及物动词,不能用被动语态。9.第六句:in→of　考查固定搭配:beproudof以……为自豪。10.第七句;passing→pass　句意:同时,我们应该努力把我们的优秀文化一代一代地传下去。attempttodosth.尝试/试图做某事。第18页共18页,（G）1.第二句:hall前加the　句意:4月24日,我们在学校礼堂参加了唐诗比赛。特指我们学校的礼堂,故在hall前加定冠词the。2.第三句:popular→popularity　句意:这项比赛在我们学生中很受欢迎。充当enjoyed的宾语,且有形容词great修饰,所以要用名词形式popularity。3.第四句:holding→held　此处表达:竞赛被举办。应该用一般过去时的被动语态。4.第四句:and→but　考查并列连词:notonly...but(also)...5.第五句:so→as　此处考查固定搭配:aswellas:也。6.第五句:activity→activities　根据修饰词agreatvarietyof可知,后面要用名词的复数形式activities。7.第六句:fall→fell　本文动词时态均为一般过去时,故将fall改为fell。8.第七句:true→truly　修饰句子的谓语动词valued应该用副词truly。9.第七句:删掉it　句意:我们非常珍惜这次从比赛中欣赏我们文化之美的机会。it重复了,后面有thebeautyof...。10.第八句:aims→aiming/aimed　句意:我们都期待能有更多的比赛来推广中国文化。考查非谓语动词作定语,应该用aimed或aiming。相当于:whichaims。（H）1.第一句:had→have或去掉had　句意:我迫不及待地想告诉你我父母刚刚做出的决定。表达刚刚做出的决定,可以用现在完成时,也可以用一般过去时,表示发生在过去某个时间的事情。2.第三句:excited→exciting　句意:这件事是多么令人激动啊!表达某事“令人激动的”要用形容词exciting。3.第四句:I→me　此处表达:大多数像我这样的青少年都是在孤独中长大的。充当介词like的宾语,应该用宾格代词me。4.第四句:that→which　逗号后是非限制性定语从句,不能用关系代词that引导,要用关系代词which引导。意为“这对我们的心理健康有害”。5.第六句:在play后加with　句意:我将有一个兄弟姐妹和我一块玩了。playwithsb.和某人一块玩。6.第七句:looking→look　此处考查:helpsb.dosth.帮助某人做某事。7.第七句:happy→happily　此处表达:确保他/她幸福地成长。应该用副词修饰动词词组growsup。8.第八句:去掉little前的a　此处表达:可是,我害怕对如何照料一个小宝宝知道得不多。表示否定含义,应该用knowlittleaboutsth.。第18页共18页,9.第九句:advices→advice　此处表达:我想得到你的一些建议。advice是不可数名词,不能用复数形式。10.第九句:but→and　此处表达:并且我希望尽快得到你的回复。前后两句话在意思上是并列关系,应该用and连接。七选五练习题精选汇编（A）It'simpossibletoprovideanexactnumberofwordsinEnglish,sincenewwordsarebeingaddedtothedictionary,andfallingoutofuseconstantly.　1　Theshortansweris:aboutamillion.Doubtyouknowanythingevenclosetoamillionwords?Thatnumberincludesanynumberoflegal,medical,scientific,andmechanicaltermsthatmostpeoplewillnevermeetintheirday-to-daylives.　2　 The“million”numberalsoincludesthemany,manywordsthathavefallenoutofusethroughoutthetime.　3　Considertheword“diddle”,aslangtermfromthe1700sthatmeans“gin”.ManyEnglishspeakerswouldrecognize“gin”,butfarfewerwouldrecognize“diddle”. Ifamillionwordsistheabsoluteupperlevel,howdoesthatcomparewiththegeneralvocabularyofmostEnglishspeakers?　4　MostEnglish-speakingadultsknowbetween20,000and30,000words.Andinadditiontothosemanythousandsofwords,they'reprobablyabletocomprehendagood20,000morejustfromcontextclues. 　5　Youwon'tfindasingledictionarythatincludesanywhereclosetothetotalmillionwords.Oneofthereasonsisthatgeneral-usagedictionariesdon'tincludelotsoftechnicalterms—bothbecausehowuncommontheyareand,insomecases,becauseoflength.ThelongestwordintheEnglishlanguageisatermfromchemistrythatisusedtoidentifyacertainkindofprotein.Itis180,000letterslong.Soyoucertainlywon'tseeitinthedictionary. A.Butwhat'sthenumber?B.Morethanyoumightthink!C.Thatdoesn'tamounttoawholelot,though!D.Then,howmanywordsarethereinthebook?E.Whilewordsliketheseareveryuncommon,theystillcount.F.Ifyourecognizetheseuncommonwords,wesadlynolongerusethem.G.Thoughremovedfromthedictionary,theystillcountasEnglishwords.序号1.2.3.4.5.选项（B）第18页共18页,Studieshaveshownthatdrinkingwateronanemptystomachcanhelpincreasemetabolic(新陈代谢的)rateupby30%.　1　.Youknowwhatthatmeans,right?—Quickerweightloss!　2　,thenyouwillbeabletodigestfoodfasterandmaintainaslimfiguredespiteeatingthoseextracalories.However,thisdoesn'tguaranteeyoutobitedownonallthatjunkfood.Furthermore,youwillneedtoaddinaroundfourlitresofwaterintoyourdailyroutineforbestresults. Constipation(便秘)isoneofthemostpainfulconditionswhichalsoresultsinremainsofpoisonoussubstancesinsidethebody.Butdidyouknowthatoneoftheotherbenefitsofdrinkingwateristhatithelpstoclearoutyourbowels?Thecolon(结肠),whichisinpartresponsibleforbowelmovements,requireswatertofunctionproperly.　3　. Drinkingwateronanemptystomachespeciallyifit'shot,canimprovethehealthofyournervoussystem.Intheearlymorning,thestomachismostreceptive.Atthismoment,ifyoulovecoffee,whichmakesthecentralnervoussystemstimulant(使兴奋的),yournervoussystemwillbeaffectedfromtheget-go.　4　,itcanproperlysupplywatertoyournervoussystem,whichwillhelpitfunctionproperly. Again,ifyouarelikelytosuffermigraineattacks,thenwatercanhelpfightitoff.　5　.Sojustbyincreasingyourwaterintake,youarebasicallypreventingyourchancesfromsufferinganotherheadacheattack.Thisisespeciallysowhenyouaredrinkingwateronanemptystomach,asyourbodydidn'tgetanyliquidwhenyouwereasleep. A.IfyourmetabolicrateishigherB.IfyoujusthaveaglassofwarmwaterinsteadC.WhenyourskinisproperlycontainingcombinedwaterinsideD.ThismeansthattherateatwhichcaloriesareburnedincreasesbynearlyonethirdE.SojustdrinkdownaglassofwaterandsitonyourtoiletforacleancolonF.YourdoctormighthavealreadytoldyouthatheadacheshappenduetoalackofwaterG.Besides,weallknowthathavingahealthyappetiteisgoodforoverallhealth序号1.2.3.4.5.选项（C）Imaginethatyouareinaremotevillagesomewherewithnomedicalclinic.　1　Oncethedoctorsgettoyou,theyexamineyouandtakebloodsamples,buttheywon'tbeabletohelpyouuntiltheytakethesamplesbacktothehospitaltofindoutwhatiswrong.　2　ThankstoengineerAndyOzcan,manypeoplemayneverbeinthissituation.Hehasinventedanappthatturnsyourmobilephoneintoadiagnostic(诊断的)tool. Ozcan'sinventionisimportantbecauseitisveryaccurateandeasytouse.Inmanyremoteplaces,evenifdoctorshavemicroscopesandotherinstrumentstohelpthemmakediagnoses,theremaystillbeotherproblems.Manydoctors,forexample,don'thaveenoughtrainingtocorrectlyinterpretwhattheysee.　3　WithOzcan'smobilephoneapp,healthworkerscantakeaspecialphotoofabloodsampleandsendittoacentralcomputeratahospital.Thecomputerwill第18页共18页,thenautomaticallyinterpretthephotoandsendadiagnosisbackinafewminutes. 　4　HistechnologyonlyrequiresamobilephoneandanInternetconnection.Asmorethanfourbillionpeoplealreadyhavecellphones,thecostofestablishingthediagnosticsystemisfairlylow. 　　Byinventingamedicaltoolthatusesexistingtechnology—mobilephones—Ozcanhasdevelopedamedicaltoolthatisbothpracticalandeconomical.Therefore,itcanbeusedeffectivelyalmostanywhere.　5　 A.AnotherreasonwhyOzcan'sinventionisimportantisthatitisinexpensive.B.Eventhoughyoumayonlyhaveasimpleinfection(感染),youmightdiebecauseofthedelay.C.Peoplearetryingtoreducethecostofthisnewmedicaltool.D.Ozcan'ssimple,cost-effectivetoolmightsavemillionsoflivesaroundtheworld.E.Thistoolhasbecomemuchmorepopularallaroundtheworld.F.Youbecomeverysickandmustwaitdaysuntilamobilemedicalunitarrivestohelp.G.Asaresult,theymaydiagnoseillnessesincorrectly.序号1.2.3.4.5.选项（D）Everyminute,everysingleday,aboutatruckloadofplasticentersouroceans.　1　Andtodate,only9%ofthathasbeenrecycled. Webuyabottleofwater,drinkitforafewminutes,andtossitspermanentpackaging“away”.Weeatpotatochips,finishthem,andthenthrowtheirpermanentpackaging“away”.Webuyproduce,takeitoutoftheunnecessaryplasticwrap,andthenthrowitspermanentpackaging“away”.Thecycleisendless,andithappenscountlesstimeseverysingleday.　2　Asfaraswetrytotossapieceofplastic—whetherit'sintoarecyclingbinornot—itdoesnotdisappear.Chancesarethatitendsuppollutingourcommunities,oceansorwaterwaysinsomeforms. Foryears,we'vebeentoldtheproblemofplasticpackagingcanbesolvedthroughbetterindividualaction.　3　Butthetruthisthatwecannotrecycleourwayoutofthismess. Recyclingalonewillneverstoptheflowofplasticsintoouroceans;wehavetogettothesourceoftheproblemandslowdowntheproductionofallthisplasticwaste.Thinkaboutit:ifyourhomewasfloodingbecauseyouhadleftthetapon,yourfirststepwouldn'tbetostartmopping.You'dfirstcutthefloodingoffatitssource—thetap.　4　　 Weneedcorporations—thoselikeCoca-Cola,Unilever,StarbucksandNeatléthatcontinuetoproducethrowawayplasticbottles—tostepupandtaketheirresponsibilityforthemessthey'vecreated.　5　Wewillcontinuetodoourpart,butit'stimefortheworld'slargestcorporationstodotheirs. A.Thisistheirproblemtodealwith.第18页共18页,B.Plasticpollutionisbecomingveryserious.C.Buthereistheproblem—thereisno“away”.D.Inmanyways,ourplasticproblemisnodifferent.E.Wethinkthatifwesimplyrecyclewe'redoingourpart.F.It'simpossibleforustogetridofplasticpollutioncompletely.G.Sincethe1950s,some8.3bntonsofplastichavebeenproducedworldwide.序号1.2.3.4.5.选项（E）Asisknowntoall,sleepisveryimportanttohumans.Butit’simportanttoanimals,too.Atnightyouhardlyhearabird.1．Haveyoueverwonderedhowbirdssleep?2．Birdsoftensleepwithoneeyeopen.Onlyhalftheirbrainrestsatonceandtheotherhalfofthebrainisabletosensedangerifneeded.Whiletheexactwaybirdscontroltheirsleeppatternshasnotbeenwellstudied,ithasbeenshownthatthemoreprotectedabirdfeelswhensleeping,themorelikelyitistosleepdeeper.Sleepingtogetherinlargenumbersisanotherwaymanybirdsuse.Bysleepingtogether,therearemorebirdstonoticepredators(捕食者).3．Inwinter,manybirdsroosttogetherinlimitedspacestosharebodyheatandsurvivelowernight-timetemperatures.Whenbirdssleep,theyprotectvulnerable(易受伤害的)bodypartsbyburyingthemselvesintheirfeathers.4．Bytucking(收拢)feetorthebillintothefeathers,lessbodyheatislost.Whenabird’sbillisburieddeeplyinitsfeathers,itisalsoabletobreatheairwarmedbyitsownbodyheat.Thereislittledataavailableabouthowlongbirdssleeponce.5．Somebirdsarenotabletoinvolveinotheractivitieswithoutenoughlight,andsleepingisthenextnaturalitemontheirto-dolists.A．Abird’sfeathershelpitkeepwarm.B．Birdsarerarelyseensleeping.C．That’sbecausethey’resleepingatnight,too.D．Itgiveseachbirdagreaterchanceofsurvival.E.Abirdmaybesleepyinthedaytimeforlackofsleep.F.Sothelengthofbirdssleeppernightisstillunknown.G.Unlikehumans,birdscanmorecarefullycontroltheirsleep.序号1.2.3.4.5.选项（F）TherewasatimewhenIwasveryconcernedaboutwhatotherpeoplethoughtofme,especiallywhenIwasmisunderstoodandlabeledincorrectly.1．Ofcourse,youneedtodo第18页共18页,somethingtoletgoofthatmentalsufferingifyouarestuckinsuchasimilarsituation.●Identifyandunderstandwhyyoucare.Whatmakeswhatotherpeoplethinkofyousoimportant?Ifotherpeople'sopinionscauseyoutoworry,chancesarethatyouhaveatendencytobepleased.Beingfavoredmightbeawinningformulaforyouinthepast.2．Butifitdoesn'tcomeasexpected,justbeyourself.●Understandyoucan'tcontrolothers.Therealityisthatyoucannotcontrolwhatanotherpersonthinksofyou.Whatmostpeopledon'tunderstandisthatweoftenformopinionsofothersbasedonassociationswehadinthepast.Andthebottomlineisthatit'snoneofyourbusinesswhatanotherpersonthinksofyou.3．●Practicedailyself-loveandacceptance.Yoursituationmaycomefromaconceptthatwearenotasworthyasanotherpersonandourneedsarenotasimportantastheirs.Recognizeyouareequaltoeveryotherperson.4．Weallhavedifferentrolesbutthatdoesnotmakeanyonemorevaluableasahumanbeing.●Livealifethatpleasesyou.Constantworryaboutwhatothersthinkofyoumustcreateconsiderablestressandwillimpactyourrelationships,yourhealth,andyourpeaceofmind.●5．Youwillnotneedtobeconcernedwiththefewpeoplewhojustdon'tseemtounderstandyou.Youcanliveyourfulfillinglifeandtheycanlivetheirs.A．That'shisorherprivateviews.B．Don'ttakeyourroletoyourheart.C．Everyonedeservesrespectandadmiration.D．Staytruetoyourvaluesanddoyourownthing.E.That'stosay,thereisnooneaboveorbelowyou.F.Certainly,thereareadvantagestohavingsomeone'shighregard.G.Caringtoomuchabouttheirviewswasenergy-consumingandunnecessary.序号1.2.3.4.5.选项（G）Lastyear,IacceptedanoverseasjobinasmalltownofChinaasanEnglishteacher.Ihadbeenthereforonlyafewdays,andIwasalreadyfeelinghomesick.Forsomereason,Ihadanurge(冲动)tomakesomefreshbread,soIdecidedtogotothestoretobuysomeflour.____1____,IthoughtIwouldfindwhereflourwasdisplayed(陈列).ThesmalltownwhereIlivedhadonetinystore.Iwalkedaroundthestoreafewtimes,butIdidnotseeabagofanythingthatappearedtobeflour.Iwantedtoaskoneofthethreesaleswomenwheretheflourwas,butIdidnotknowthewordfor“flour.”Justthen,Isawoneofmystudentsleavingthestore.Irantohimandasked,“Howdoyousay‘flour’?”____2____.IranbackintothestoreandfoundoneofthesaleswomenandaskedinChinese,“Nihao,huazainali?”Thewomanmovedasquicklyasshecouldtothefarrightsideofthestore.Finally,I第18页共18页,thoughttomyself,“I’mgoingtobeabletomakebread.”____3___whenthewoman,pointedtosomeredroses.AtfirstIwasconfused,butsuddenlyitallmadesense.____4____WhenIaskedmystudentfortheChinesewordfor“flour”,Ididnotspecify(详细说明)whetherImeant“flour”or“flower”.Ididnotbuyanyrosesthatnight.____5____.MyverylimitedknowledgeofChinesecausedmetogohomeempty-handed.However,Ilearnedthevalueofsimplevocabularyinspeakingasecondlanguage.A.IwasnotabletofindthefloureitherB.However,myhopeendedratherquicklyC.Hetoldmeeffortlesslythatthewordwas“hua”D.AlthoughIknewmyChineseskillswerelimitedE.AsItriedtothinkofhowtosay“flour”usingdifferentwordsF.Iwasstandinginfrontoftheflowerdisplay,nottheflourdisplayG.Flourusuallycomesinabagwithpicturesofbiscuitsorbreadonit序号1.2.3.4.5.选项第18页共18页,参考答案(A)　1.A　过渡句。由下一句“简而言之,答案是:大约一百万。”可知,承接下文,A选项“但是数量是多少?”切题;该选项中的thenumber对应下一句的aboutamillion。故选A项。2.E　归纳句。由上一句“这个数字包括许多法律、医学、科学和机械术语,大多数人在日常生活中永远不会遇到这些术语。”可知,承接上文,E选项“虽然像这样的单词很少见,但它们仍然很重要。”切题;该选项中的veryuncommon对应上一句的mostpeoplewillnevermeetintheirday-to-daylives。故选E项。3.G　细节句。由上一句“‘百万’这个数字还包括了许多许多在这段时间里已经不再使用的词。”和本段下两句的“想想‘diddle’这个词,一个17世纪的俚语,意思是‘gin’。许多讲英语的人会认出‘gin’,但很少有人会认出‘diddle’。”可知,承接上下文,G选项“虽然已从词典中删去,但它们仍算作英语单词。”切题。故选G项。4.B　细节句。由下一句“大多数说英语的成年人知道20000到30000个单词。”可知,承接下文,B选项“比你想象的还要多!”切题;该选项指与大多数英语使用者的一般词汇相比,词汇量很大。故选B项。5.D　主旨句。由下一句“你找不到一本字典,里面有接近一百万个单词。”可知,承接下文,D选项“那么,这本书有多少字?”切题;该选项中的thebook和howmanywords对应下一句的asingledictionary和thetotalmillionwords。故选D项。(B)1.D　过渡句。根据前文Studieshaveshownthatdrinkingwateronanemptystomachcanhelpincreasemetabolic(新陈代谢的)rateupby30%.可知,空腹喝水,(人的)代谢率会上升30%。承接上文,D项Thismeansthattherateatwhichcaloriesareburnedincreasesbynearlyonethird.(这意味着卡路里燃烧率也上升了大约三分之一)切题。故选D项。2.A　细节句。根据后文thenyouwillbeabletodigestfoodfasterandmaintainaslimfiguredespiteeatingthoseextracalories可知A项切题,故选A项。3.E　细节句。根据前文Thecolon(结肠),whichisinpartresponsibleforbowelmovements,requireswatertofunctionproperly.可知,结肠在一定程度上负责肠道运动,它需要水才能正常工作。承接上文,E项切题,正是因为结肠需要水,所以才要喝水来清理肠道。故选E项。第18页共18页,4.B　细节句。根据上文Atthismoment,ifyoulovecoffee,whichmakesthecentralnervoussystemstimulant(使兴奋的),yournervoussystemwillbeaffectedfromtheget-go.可知,早晨空腹的时候,如果你爱喝咖啡,这会使中枢神经系统兴奋,你的神经系统会从一开始就受到影响;根据下文itcanproperlysupplywatertoyournervoussystem,whichwillhelpitfunctionproperly可知,它可以为你的神经系统提供适当的水,这将有助于神经系统正常工作。B项承上启下,与前后文呼应,故选B项。5.F　过渡句。根据后文Sojustbyincreasingyourwaterintake,youarebasicallypreventingyourchancesfromsufferinganotherheadacheattack.可知,只要增加水的摄入量,基本上就可以防止你再次遭受头痛的发作。F项切题,因为缺水会头痛,所以只要多喝水,就可以防止头痛再次发生。故选F项。(C)1.F　根据Imaginethatyouareinaremotevillagesomewherewithnomedicalclinic.(想象一下,你在某个没有医疗诊所的偏远村庄)可知此处应填“你病得很重,必须等待几天,直到一个移动医疗单位来帮你”。故选F。2.B　根据ThankstoengineerAndyOzcan,manypeoplemayneverbeinthissituation.(多亏了工程师AndyOzcan,许多人可能永远不会处于这种情况)可知此处应填“即使你可能只是简单的感染,你可能会因为延迟而死亡”。故选B。3.G　根据上文Inmanyremoteplaces,...theremaystillbeotherproblems.Manydoctors,forexample,don'thaveenoughtrainingtocorrectlyinterpretwhattheysee.可知,这里说明的是由于知识、设备等原因,遥远地区的诊断会出现很多问题,那么诊断肯定会出现不准确的情况,G项符合这一逻辑。4.A　根据HistechnologyonlyrequiresamobilephoneandanInternetconnection.(他的技术只需要一部移动电话和互联网连接。)可知此处应选A。5.D　根据Therefore,itcanbeusedeffectivelyalmostanywhere.(因此,它几乎可以在任何地方有效使用。)可知此处应选D。(D)1.G　下句中的关键词only9%ofthat暗示上文提到了塑料的数量,G项中的some8.3bntonsofplastic可与下文有效衔接起来。故选G。2.C　上段中的三个并列的句子中出现了三次“away”,正好与C项中的thereisno“away”相呼应。故选C。3.E　设空处下一句指出仅仅靠个人循环利用塑料制品是不够的,这正好与E项中的“wesimplyrecycle”相呼应,故选E。4.D　在设空处上文中,作者通过房子自来水漏水的事例,说明解决问题应该抓住源头。结合本文语篇主题,解决塑料污染也是一样的道理。故选D。第18页共18页,5.A　根据设空处上下文的大意可知,作者在呼吁企业承担自己应有的责任来解决塑料污染问题,A项中的theirproblem与上句的theirresponsibility指代一致。故选A。(E)1．根据空格前一句“Atnightyouhardlyhearabird(晚上几乎听不到鸟叫声)”可知，此处提及鸟在晚上几乎不叫。由此推知，空格处应该解释鸟为什么在晚上不叫。那么C项That’sbecausethey’resleepingatnight,too.(那是因为它们晚上也睡觉)解释其原因。故选C。2．根据下文“Birdsoftensleepwithoneeyeopen.Onlyhalftheirbrainrestsatonceandtheotherhalfofthebrainisabletosensedangerifneeded.(鸟儿睡觉时常常睁一只眼。他们只有一半的大脑同时休息，另一半的大脑能够在需要的时候感知危险)”可知，本段主要介绍鸟类在睡觉时十分小心。那么G项Unlikehumans,birdscanmorecarefullycontroltheirsleep(与人类不同，鸟类可以更小心地控制自己的睡眠)引出本段。故选G。3．根据空格前一句“Bysleepingtogether,therearemorebirdstonoticepredators(通过睡在一起，有更多的鸟注意到捕食者)”可知，此处介绍了鸟类在一起睡觉可以注视到捕食者，所以空格应该讲述这样做会带来的好处。那么D项Itgiveseachbirdagreaterchanceofsurvival(这给了每只鸟更大的生存机会)承接上文。故选D。4．根据空格前一句“Whenbirdssleep,theyprotectvulnerablebodypartsbyburyingthemselvesintheirfeathers.(当鸟类睡觉时，它们用羽毛保护脆弱的身体部位)”可知，鸟类的羽毛可以保护其脆弱的部分。再结合空格后一句“Bytuckingfeetorthebillintothefeathers,lessbodyheatislost.(通过把脚或嘴塞进羽毛里，减少了身体热量的流失)”可知，空格处应该介绍羽毛的作用。那么A项Abird’sfeathershelpitkeepwarm.(鸟的羽毛帮助它保暖)介绍了其作用。故选A。5．根据空格前一句“Thereislittledataavailableabouthowlongbirdssleeponce.(关于鸟类一次睡眠时间的数据很少)”可知，关于鸟类睡眠时间的记录很少。由此推知，空格处应该说明鸟类的睡眠的时间依然是个谜。那么F项Sothelengthofbirdssleeppernightisstillunknown.(因此，鸟类每晚睡眠的长度仍然是未知的)承接上文。故选F。(F)1．后文“Ofcourse,youneedtodosomethingtoletgoofthatmentalsufferingifyouarestuckinsuchasimilarsituation.”提及，陷入类似情况要做一些事情来释放精神痛苦，所以说明过分关注他们的观点是一件耗精力，不必要的事，故选G。2．下文“Butifitdoesn'tcomeasexpected,justbeyourself.”说明但是事与愿违，表转折，说明此空应填好的事情，F项“当然，有人高度尊重是有好处的。”符合语境，certainly说明与上文“被青睐可能是你过去成功定式。”一致，故选F。3．本段首句“Understandyoucan'tcontrolothers.”说明你不能控制别人，以及空前一句“Andthebottomlineisthatit'snoneofyourbusinesswhatanotherpersonthinksofyou.”说明别人对你的看法与你无关，可知那是他或她的个人观点，故选A。第18页共18页,4．上文“Recognizeyouareequaltoeveryotherperson.”说明要认识到你与别人是平等的，E项中“thereisnooneaboveorbelowyou(没有人比你好或者比你差)”与此处语境相符，That'stosay说明前后内容一致。故选E。5．此空为总领句，应为动词开头。以及后文的“Youwillnotneedtobeconcernedwiththefewpeoplewhojustdon'tseemtounderstandyou.（你不需要关心那些似乎不理解你的少数人）”可知你应该坚持你的价值观，做你自己的事。故选D。(G)1：根据下文“IthoughtIwouldfindwhereflourwasdisplayed(陈列)(但我想我能找到面粉陈列的地方)”可知，此处与下文构成转折让步的关系，内容与直到自己的中文水平有限有关，选项D“AlthoughIknewmyChineseskillswerelimited(虽然我知道我的中文水平有限)”符合题意。故选D。2：根据上文“Justthen,Isawoneofmystudentsleavingthestore.Irantohimandasked,“Howdoyousay‘flour’?”(就在那时，我看到我的一个学生离开商店。我跑过去问他：“‘flour’怎么说？”)”可知，此处内容与学生告诉作者“flour”在中文里的发音有关，选项C的代词He指的是上文的oneofmystudents，因此选项C“Hetoldmeeffortlesslythatthewordwas“hua”(他毫不费力地告诉我，是“hua(花)”)”符合题意。故选C。3：根据上文“Finally,Ithoughttomyself,“I’mgoingtobeabletomakebread.”(最后，我对自己说：“我可以做面包了。”)”和下文“whenthewoman,pointedtosomeredroses(当那个女人指着一些红玫瑰时候)”可知，此处表示转折，内容与作者找到面粉做包子的希望破灭了有关，选项B“However,myhopeendedratherquickly(然而，我的希望很快就破灭了)”符合题意。故选B。4：根据上文“AtfirstIwasconfused,butsuddenlyitallmadesense.(一开始我很困惑，但突然间一切都有了意义)”和下文“WhenIaskedmystudentfortheChinesewordfor“flour”,Ididnotspecify(详细说明)whetherImeant“flour”or“flower”.(当我问我的学生“flour”的中文单词时，我没有详细说明我是指“面粉”还是“花”)”可知，此处内容与作者站在花架前而不是面粉架前有关，选项F“Iwasstandinginfrontoftheflowerdisplay,nottheflourdisplay(我是站在花架前，不是面粉架)”符合题意。故选F。5：根据上文“Ididnotbuyanyrosesthatnight.(那天晚上我没有买玫瑰)”和下文“MyverylimitedknowledgeofChinesecausedmetogohomeempty-handed.(我有限的中文知识使我空手而归)”可知，此处内容与作者没有买到面粉有关，选项A“Iwasnotabletofindthefloureither(我也没能找到面粉)”符合题意。故选A。第18页共18页