被动语态一、概念：语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。三、被动语态的用法： 1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Mymotherasksmetostudyhard.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词 Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词 Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages. Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词 Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity. Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften. Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.7,Thedoormaybelockedinside. Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词7.不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语(物)作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus. Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.不用被动语态的情况 1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：7, appear,die(死亡),disappear（消失）,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace. 如：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen. (对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek. (对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised. (对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat. (对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto 如：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.被动语态练习一、选择题  ()1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?  A. Is; built   B. Was;  bulit  C. Does;  build  D. Did; build   ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.  A. has been happened  B. was happened  C. is happened  D. happened  ( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.  A. is grown  B. are grown  C. grows  D. grow  7,( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.  A. is visited  B. will be visited  C. has been visited  D. was visited  ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.  A. is given  B. has been given  C. will be given  D. gives  ( )6.How many trees ____ this year?  A. are planted  B. will plant  C. have been planted  D. planted    ( )7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.  A. are doing  B. are being done  C. has been done  D. will be done  ( )8.Neither of them ______ in China.  A. is made  B. are made  C. were made  D. made  ( )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.  A. is drawing  B. is being drawn  C. has been drawn  D .draws  ( )10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.  A. wear out  B. worn out  C. are worn out  D. is worn( )11.The doctor _____ for yet.  A. isn't sent  B. hasn't been sent  C. won't be sent  D. wasn't sent  ( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______  --Last year.  A. did; use  B. was; used  C. is; used  D. are; used    ( )13. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.  A. knows  B.knew  C . is known D. was  known  ( )14.I ____ in summer.  A. born  B. was born  C. have been born  D. am born  ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week. A. is sent  B. would send  C. was sent  D. will be sent( )16.Who _____ this book _____   A. did; written  B. was; written by  C. did; written  D. was; written   7,( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.  A. has asked to  B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to  ( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.  A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us  ( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.  A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump  ( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.  A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put( )21.Older people ____ well.   A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after  ( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully.  A.should be listened to   B.should be listen    C.be listened    D.is listened二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。  1. We can finish the work in two days.  The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.  2. They produce silk in Suzhou.  Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.  3. The children will sing an English song.  An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.  4. You needn't do it now.  It ____ _____ _____ by you now.  5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.  A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ her by me last week.6. People use metal for making machines.  Metal ____ ____ for making machines.  7. He made me do that for him.  I ____ ____ ____ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library.  This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.  9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago  ____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago   10.We'll put on an English play in our school.  An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school.  11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets.  Color TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers.  7,12.My brother often mends his watch.  His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.13.We must water the flowers every day.  The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day.  14.They use knives for cutting things.  Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.  15.He made the farmers work for a long time.  The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time.  16.Did he break the window yesterday  ____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday   17.They have sold out the light green dresses.   The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.  18.We clean the classroom every day.  The classroom ____ ____ every day.  19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.  Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.  20.You can dig a hole in the earth.  A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.  三、 用动词的正确语态填空。  1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.  2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.  3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.  5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of?  It _______________(make) of metal and wood.  6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.  7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of  the library?  8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.  9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.  10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.11. These kinds of machines __________(make) in Japan.  12. Apples _________ ________(grow) in this farm.  13. Russian _______ ______ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.  14. Planes,cars and trains _____ _____ (use) by business people for travelling.  15. The cinema ______ _____ (build) in 1985.7,16. The bike  (must not put) here.  17. A beautiful horse  (draw) by John next day.  18. This kind of machine (can made) by uncle Wang.   19. Mr. Green  (open) two new school.  20. The PLA ______ ______ (found) on August 1st,1927.7
