被动语态一、概念：语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。三、被动语态的用法： 1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Mymotherasksmetostudyhard.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词 Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词 Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages. Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词 Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity. Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften. Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.7
Thedoormaybelockedinside. Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词7.不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语(物)作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus. Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.不用被动语态的情况 1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：7
appear,die(死亡),disappear（消失）,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace. 如：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen. (对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek. (对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised. (对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat. (对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto 如：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.被动语态练习一、选择题 ()1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does; build D. Did; build
( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow 7
( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees ____ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.Neither of them ______ in China. A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made ( )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher. A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn D .draws ( )10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair. A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn( )11.The doctor _____ for yet. A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent D. wasn't sent ( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______
--Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( )13. The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known ( )14.I ____ in summer. A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week. A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent( )16.Who _____ this book _____
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
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( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us ( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump ( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put( )21.Older people ____ well. A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after ( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully. A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。 1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _____ _____ _____ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song. An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children. 4. You needn't do it now. It ____ _____ _____ by you now. 5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ her by me last week.6. People use metal for making machines. Metal ____ ____ for making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. I ____ ____ ____ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library. This book ___ ____ ____ to the library. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago ____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago
10.We'll put on an English play in our school. An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school. 11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets. Color TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers. 7
12.My brother often mends his watch. His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.13.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day. 14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives ___ ___ for cutting things. 15.He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time. 16.Did he break the window yesterday ____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday
17.They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out. 18.We clean the classroom every day. The classroom ____ ____ every day. 19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth. 20.You can dig a hole in the earth. A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth. 三、 用动词的正确语态填空。 1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month. 3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of? It _______________(make) of metal and wood. 6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday. 7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library? 8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime. 10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.11. These kinds of machines __________(make) in Japan. 12. Apples _________ ________(grow) in this farm. 13. Russian _______ ______ (learn)as the second language by some students in China. 14. Planes,cars and trains _____ _____ (use) by business people for travelling. 15. The cinema ______ _____ (build) in 1985.7
16. The bike (must not put) here. 17. A beautiful horse (draw) by John next day. 18. This kind of machine (can made) by uncle Wang. 19. Mr. Green (open) two new school. 20. The PLA ______ ______ (found) on August 1st,1927.7
