被动语态
一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）
结构：主语+be+Vpp(过去分词)
时态：1.一般现在时：am(is,are)done.
2.现在进行时：am(is,are)beingdone3.一般将来时：will(shall)bedone
4.一般过去时：was(were)done
5.带情态动词的被动语态：must(can,may,should,need,would)bedone
6.现在完成时：have(has)beendone1.do2.is/am/are+doing3.will+dobe+Vppbe+Vppbe+Vppis/am/are+doneis/am/are+being+Vppwillbe+Vpp4.did5.can+do6.have/has+Vppbe+Vppbe+Vppbe+Vppwas/were+donecan+be+Vpphave/hasbeen+Vpp一般现在时的被动例句：WestudyEnglish主谓宾Englishisstudiedbyus主谓宾注：主语不是动作的发出者，而是承受者，即被动关系。By是“被”的意思，后面跟人称。练一练：1.Tomwritesaletter.___________________________________2.Theygrowmanyflowersinthegarden.____________________________________1．Football （play）allovertheworld。2．Manytrees （plant）inNorthChina.3．Rice （grow）inSouthChina.4．Acamera （use）fortakingphotos5．I often （ask）todothiswork.6.Thechildrencleantheclassroomafterschool_________________________________________________7.Thegirlinredbuyssomehairclipseveryyear._________________________________________________6
8.Hewasheshisfootballclothestwiceaweek._________________________________________________现在进行时的被动例句：Iamreadingastorybook.主谓宾Astorybookisbeingreadbyme主谓宾练一练：1.Mysisterismakingsomecakes.主谓宾________________________________________2.ThetwinsaresinginganEnglishsong.________________________________________1.Aninterestingstory_______________(tell)byMrWunow.2.Anewbridge________________(build)bytheworkersatthemoment.3.Sometrees________________(cut)downbythem.4.Mikeislookingaferhismother._________________________________________________一般将来时的被动例句：Iwilldomyhomework主谓宾Myhomeworkwillbedonebyme主谓宾练一练：1.Myfatherwillrepairhiscar.主谓宾________________________________________2.MrGreenisgoingtotellastory.________________________________________1.Beijing____________(visit)byustomrrow.2.Thishouse______________(sell)inamonth.6
3.TheywillspendtheirholidyinHainan.______________________________________________4.Ourschoolisgoingtoholdasportsmeetingnextweek.______________________________________________一般过去时的被动例句：Daniellosthiskeyyesterday.主谓宾Daniel’skeywaslostbyhimyesterday.主谓宾练一练：1.Hisbrothertookhimtothesmalltownlastweek主谓宾________________________________________2.Thelittleboysawsomerobbers________________________________________1.Hergrandmother____________(hit)byacarlastmonth.2.Thethreerobbers_____________(catch)bythepoliceatlast.3.$1000_____________(raise)byClassOne.4.Abag_______________(leave)onthebusjustnow.带有情态动词的被动例句：Youcanwatchcartoons主谓宾Cartoonscanbewatchedbyyou.主谓宾练一练：1.Peoplemustn’tparktheircarshere.主谓宾________________________________________2.Youshouldturndowntheradio.________________________________________1.Moreclothesneed_____________(put)on.It’stoocold.2.Snackscan’t______________(bring)toschool.3.Youmustrememberhisaddress.______________________________________________6
4.Studentsmayreadcomicsafterschool.______________________________________________现在完成时的被动例句：Ihavelearned3000Englishwords主谓宾3000Englishwordshavebeenlearnedbyme.主谓宾练一练：1.Simonhasfinishedthework.主谓宾________________________________________2.TheGreenshavereceivedsomepresents.________________________________________1.Themeeting______________(put)off(推迟)tilltomorrow.2.Thewindow______________(break)byhim.3.Peoplehavepollutedtheriver._________________________________________________4.Emyhasdrunkthemilk._________________________________________________二、应注意的问题。
1．主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)
此结构不可用被动语态。
(正)Theflowerssmellsweet.(正)Youlookfinetoday.
(误)Theflowersaresmeltsweet.(误)Youarelookedfinetoday.
2．主语+不及物动词(S+V)
此结构不可变被动语态。
(正)Anaccidenthappenedlastnight.(正)Itrainsinspring..
(误)Anaccidentwashappenedlastnight.(误)Itisrainedinspring.
3．将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。
Weshouldlistentotheteacherscarefully.
Theteachersshouldbelistenedtocarefully.
4．主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。
Heshowedusapicture.
Wewereshownapicture.
（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.
常用加to的动词give,show,pass,read等
常用加for的动词buy,get,make,sing,draw6
等
Apicturewasshowntous.
Adictionarywasboughtformebymyparents.
5．主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)
如动词为make,see,hear,watch等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。
Isawhimfalloffthetree.
Hewasseentofalloffthetree.
6."be+过去分词"并非都是被动语态，系动词be,feel,seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。
I'minterestedinmathematics.我对数学感兴趣。
*7.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。Thewoman'sclothessellwell.女装卖的快。Thisbooksellsbest.这本书很畅销.Thispenwriteswell.这支笔很好写 练习一选择题( )1.Thestrangethingwasused______wine（酒）byancient（古代的）people. A.fordrink B.todrink C.drinking D.drinked( )2.Today,toomanytreesarestill_____intheworld. A.cuttingdown B.cutdown C.beingcutdown D.cutteddown( )3.English_____inmanycountries,butChinese_____theirownlanguages. A.isspoken,speaks B.speaks,isspoken C.isspoken,speaken D.isspoken,isspoken( )4.Thiskindofapple______inJinzhou. A.isgrown B.grow C.grew D.aregrown( )5.Theseyoungtreesmust______afterwell. A.look B.looksafter C.belooked D.looked( )6.Mycoatismade_____cool（羊毛）andsilk. A.to B.for C.from D.of( )7.Ourteacherwasseen______totheofficeamomentago. A.go B.togo C.going D.goes( )8.TheOxfordCastle_____byHenry.Itisinverygoodconditionnow. A.built B.wasbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbuilt( )9.Icecanbe_____water. A.turninto B.turnto C.turnedinto D.turnedto( )10.Keysareusedfor_____doors. A.lock B.locked C.locking D.locks( )11.Thegreenhouse(温室)shouldbe_____glass.6
A.madeof B.madefrom C.madeinto D.madein( )12.Sorry,allthevegetables______.Pleasecometomorrow. A.sellswell B.havesoldout C.havebeensoldout D.areselling( )13.Themanisbadlyhurt.He_____tothehospital. A.hassent B.hasbeensent C.sent D.hassentfor( )14.Abigcinema______inourtownnextyear. A.willbuild B.isbuilt C.willbebuilt D.hasbuilt( )15.Thisbook_____byafamouswritermanyyearsago. A.writes B.iswritten C.waswriten D.waswritten( )16.InChinathemoney______tochildrenforgoodluckbytheirparentsorotherseniorinSpringFestival A.gives B.isgiven C.aregiven D.give 二、改写句子 1.Theybuiltanewschoolinthevillagelastyear.（改为被动语态） Anewschool___________ ___________inthevillagelastyear. 2.Intheolddayspeopleusedteapots（茶壶）tomaketea.（改为被动语态） Intheolddaysteapots ___________ ___________tomaketea.3.Thismakesmefeelthirsty.（改为被动语态） I__________ __________ __________feelthirstybythis. 4.Didyoubuythisbikefromtheshop（改为被动语态） ________________________________________fromtheshop（byyou） 5.Onlythisyear,millionsoftreeshasbeenplantedbythesoldiers.（改为主动语态） Onlythisyear,Thesoldiers______________________millionsoftrees.. 6.Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.（改为被动语态） Oldmenshould______________________________politely.7.Mywatchneedsrepairing.（同义句） Mywatchneeds_____________________________________.8.He’softenseentodanceinhisroom, ___________ ___________(反意疑问句)9.ThephotosweretakeninJapan. ①(改为否定句)___________________________________________ ②（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）_____________________________ _____________________________________________________________________6
